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  1. 35 Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
  2. 19 Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze
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  5. 14 Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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  1. 17 Gronostajski Z.
  2. 17 Kaszuba M.
  3. 16 Hawryluk M.
  4. 15 Sińczak J.
  5. 11 Pietrzyk M.
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  1. 2 2023
  2. 1 2021
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1
Content available Effects of SPD by Biaxial Alternate Forging on the Tensile Properties and Microstructure of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Shin Young-Chul, Ha Seong-Ho, Shah Abdul Wahid
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2023
|
Vol. 68, iss. 1
97--101
EN
The forming limit of AZ31 alloy, a representative Mg-Al-Zn-based wrought alloy, and the effect of severe plastic deformation (SPD) by examining the microstructure change caused by dynamic recrystallization led by high temperature and high dislocation density at 300℃ using a biaxial alternate forging (BAF) were investigated in this study. As a result of BAF test for AZ31 Mg alloy, significant cracks on the ends of workpieces occurred after 7 passes. The microstructure of as-extruded specimen showed the non-uniform distribution of the relatively coarse grains and the fine grains considered to be sub-grains. However, as the number of passes increases, the area of coarse grains gradually disappeared and the fine grains became more dominant in the microstructures. The result of tensile test for workpieces with each forging pass showed an increase in strength depending on pass number was shown with a slight increase of elongation. The Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) results exhibited that, the microstructure showed the presence of coarse grains and twins after only 1 pass, while the grains appeared to be significantly refined and uniformly distributed after 3 pass, at which the strength and elongation began to increase, simultaneously.
2
Content available Effect of the Heating Temperature of a Nickel-Chromium Steel Charge Material on the Stability of the Forging Process and the Durability of the Die
Hawryluk Marek R., Lachowicz Marzena, Janik Marta, Gronostajski Zbigniew, Stachowicz Mateusz
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2023
|
Vol. 68, iss. 2
711--722
EN
The study discusses the issues of low durability of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve type forging from high nickel steel assigned for the application in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of manufacturing the exhaust valve forgings is realized in the coextrusion technology, followed by forging in closed dies. This process is difficult to master, mainly due to elevated adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel - NCF3015) to the tool substrate as well as very high abrasive wear of the tool, most probably caused by the dissolution of hard carbide precipitates during the charge heating. A big temperature scatter of the charge during the heating and its short presence in the inductor prevents microstructure homogenization of the bearing roller and dissolution of hard precipitates. In effect, this causes an increase of the forging force and the pressures in the contact, which, in extreme cases, is the cause of the blocking of the forging already at the beginning of the process. In order to analyze this issue, complex investigations were conducted, which included: numerical modelling, dilatometric tests and hardness measurements. The microstructure examinations after the heating process pointed to lack of structure repeatability; the dilatometric tests determined the phase transformations, and the FEM results enabled an analysis of the process for different charge hardness values. On the basis of the conducted analyzes, it was found that the batch material heating process was not repeatable, because the collected samples showed a different amount of dissolved carbides in the microstructure, which translated into different hardnesses (from over 300 HV to 192 HV). Also, the results of numerical modeling showed that lower charge temperature translates into greater forces (by about 100 kN) and normal stresses (1000 MPa for the nominal process and 1500 MPa for a harder charge) and equivalent stresses in the tools (respectively: 1300 MPa and over 1800 MPa), as well as abrasive wear (3000 MPa mm; 4500 MPa mm). The obtained results determined the directions of further studies aiming at improvement of the production process and thus increase of tool durability.
3
Content available remote Niekonwencjonalne metody kształtowania plastycznego
Tkocz Marek
Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie
|
2021
|
nr 5-6
36--37
PL
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcje czterech niekonwencjonalnych metod przeróbki plastycznej: kucia z oscylacyjnym skręcaniem, kucia z poprzecznym ruchem stempla, walcowania z poprzecznym ruchem walców oraz kucia segmentowego. Metody te umożliwiają wytwarzanie wyrobów o nietypowych właściwościach użytkowych oraz istotne zmniejszenie wymaganych sił nacisku narzędzi kształtujących. Wdrożenie zaprezentowanych sposobów kształtowania plastycznego pozwoliłoby na rozszerzenie asortymentu produkcji wielu przedsiębiorstw działających w branży metalowej.
EN
Concepts of four unconventional metal forming methods: compression with oscillatory torsion, compression with transverse punch motion, rolling with transverse rolls motion and incremental forging are presented in the paper. The methods enable manufacturing products with unique functional properties and significant reduction of the required press load. Industrial implementation of the presented metal forming techniques would allow to extend the assortment of many metal parts manufacturers.
4
Content available Numerical analysis of three-stage the forming process hollow forgings with an outer flange
Wójcik Łukasz, Bulzak Tomasz, Winiarski Grzegorz, Szala Mirosław
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2020
|
nr 62 (134)
142--147
EN
This article presents the results of computer simulations used to investigate the forming of a hollow coldworked forging with an outer flange. Numerical simulations were performed in Deform 2D/3D using a calculation module for axial-symmetric cases. A ϕ57×12.5 mm tube-shaped billet from 42CrMo4 grade steel was used. The forming process involved two and three stages, consisting of extrusion the shaft portion and forging the flange. The objective of this research was to determine the accuracy of the forming process used to produce the hollow part. This technology was analyzed using the effective strain distributions, the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion values, and the forming force progression. The results showed that it was possible to use this three-stage process to forge elements from a tube-shaped billet.
5
Content available remote Niekonwencjonalne metody kształtowania plastycznego
Tkocz Marek
Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie
|
2020
|
nr 5-6
28--30
PL
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcje czterech niekonwencjonalnych metod przeróbki plastycznej: kucia z oscylacyjnym skręcaniem, kucia z poprzecznym ruchem stempla, walcowania z poprzecznym ruchem walców oraz kucia segmentowego. Metody te umożliwiają wytwarzanie wyrobów o nietypowych właściwościach użytkowych oraz istotne zmniejszenie wymaganych sił nacisku narzędzi kształtujących. Wdrożenie zaprezentowanych sposobów kształtowania plastycznego pozwoliłoby na rozszerzenie asortymentu produkcji wielu przedsiębiorstw działających w branży metalowej.
EN
Concepts of four unconventional metal forming methods: compression with oscillatory torsion, compression with transverse punch motion, rolling with transverse rolls motion and incremental forging are presented in the paper. The methods enable manufacturing products with unique functional properties and significant reduction of the required press load. Industrial implementation of the presented metal forming techniques would allow to extend the assortment of many metal parts manufacturers.
6
Content available Production technology and mechanical properties of a new grade of steel for forgings with increased strength and impact strength
Burdek Marek, Marcisz Jarosław, Stępień Jerzy
Journal of Metallic Materials
|
2020
|
Vol. 72, no. 4
15--21
EN
The study involved the development of the basics of production technology and the testing of the mechanical properties of a new grade of steel for forgings with increased strength and impact strength, intended for special products. The scope of the tests included a proposal for a new steel composition along with the production of ingots and its further processing into forgings in industrial conditions, using an input with various dimensions of the cross-section, proposed as a result of numerical calculations, including the performance of heat treatment in two variants. As a result of tests and analyses, it was found that the proposed technology enables the production of semi-finished products with the assumed level of strength and impact strength.
PL
Opracowano podstawy technologii produkcji oraz przeprowadzono badania właściwości mechanicznych nowego gatunku stali na odkuwki o podwyższonej wytrzymałości i udarności z przeznaczeniem dla wyrobów specjalnych. Zakres badań obejmował propozycję nowego składu stali wraz z wykonaniem wlewków i jej dalszym przetwarzaniem na odkuwki w warunkach przemysłowych, wykorzystując wsad o różnych wymiarach przekroju poprzecznego zaproponowanych w wyniku obliczeń numerycznych łącznie z wykonaniem obróbki cieplnej w dwóch wariantach. W wyniku badań i analiz stwierdzono, że zaproponowana technologia umożliwia uzyskanie półwyrobów o założonym poziomie wytrzymałości i udarności.
7
Innowacyjna technologia produkcji matryc kuziennych
Figna Anna, Figna-Zientz Ewa, Góral Jan, Górecki Artur, Rozpondek Maciej
Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze
|
2020
|
Vol. 87, nr 11-12
268--270
PL
Przedstawiono innowacyjny sposób wytwarzania matryc kuziennych, wdrażany w kuźni przemysłowej. Robocze powierzchnie rdzenia matrycy wykonanego ze stali konstrukcyjnej napawano materiałami odpornymi na destrukcyjne oddziaływanie procesu technologicznego kucia. Opracowano i wdrożono specjalny program komputerowy dla robota spawalniczego, który zapewnia precyzję napawania matrycy. Wprowadzony innowacyjny sposób wytwarzania matryc kuźniczych w pełni zapewnia wymaganą jakość odkuwek przy zachowaniu stałych parametrów matrycy w okresie eksploatacji.
EN
An innovative method of producing forging dies, implemented in an industrial forge, was presented. The working surfaces of the die core made of structural steel were padded with materials resistant to the destructive impact of the technological forging process. A special computer program has been developed and implemented for the welding robot that ensures the precision of the matrix welding. The introduced innovative method of producing forging dies fully ensures the required quality of forgings while maintaining constant parameters of the matrix during the operation period.
8
Analiza warunków technologicznych wytwarzania matryc kuziennych
Figna Anna, Figna-Zientz Ewa, Góral Jan, Górecki Artur, Rozpondek Maciej
Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze
|
2020
|
Vol. 87, nr 11-12
264--267
PL
Przedstawiono parametry procesu technologicznego wytwarzania matryc kuziennych. Przeanalizowano wpływ czynników oddziaływujących bezpośrednio na trwałość matryc. Scharakteryzowano kryteria doboru materiałów na podłoże matrycy (rdzeń) i napoinę w aspekcie dostępności rynkowej w celu wykonania badań weryfikujących ich parametry technologiczne. W oparciu o teorię podobieństwa określono wartości strumieni cieplnych zapewniających stabilizację temperatury matrycy podczas procesu napawania.
EN
Parameters of the technological process of manufacturing forging closed - dies are presented. The influence of factors directly affecting the durability of the closed - dies was analyzed. The criteria for the selection of materials for the closed - dies substrate (core) and the padding weld were characterized in terms of market availability, in order to perform tests verifying their technological parameters. Based on the theory of similarity, the values of thermal fluxes ensuring the stabilization of the closed - dies temperature during the padding process were determined.
9
Content available Perceptive review of augmented reality applications and their outlooks in the forging industry
Sitko Mateusz, Wesołowski Bartłomiej, Adamus Jacek, Lisiecki Łukasz, Piotrowska-Madej Klaudia, Madej Łukasz
Computer Methods in Materials Science
|
2020
|
Vol. 20, No. 2
72--80
EN
Perceptive review of augmented reality applications in the forging industry is the primary goal of the paper. The differences between the Virtual (VR) and Augmented (AR) realities are highlighted first. Examples of the AR technology's various industrial applications are then presented, which is followed by the evaluation of capabilities of the approaches in the forging industry. The two practical case study solutions were implemented, and their operational capabilities under industrial conditions were tested. Examples of obtained results are presented within the paper.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono przegląd wybranych zastosowań technologii rozszerzonej rzeczywistości ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przemysłu kuźniczego. W pierwszej kolejności omówiono różnice pomiędzy technologią rzeczywistości wirtualnej (VR, ang. Virtual Reality) i rozszerzonej (AR, ang. Augmented Reality). Następnie przedstawiono przykłady zastosowań przemysłowych technologii AR. W kolejnym etapie badań opracowano i zaimplementowano dwa rozwiązania testowe wykorzystujące AR dedykowane dla kuźni i określano możliwości ich wykorzystania w warunkach przemysłowych.
10
Content available New Unconventional Processes of Plastic Forming of the Internal Toothing of Coupling Spline Sleeves
Michalczyk J., Wiewiórowska S.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2020
|
Vol. 65, iss. 1
229--236
EN
The article explores the possibility of using the authors’ three new methods of unconventional extrusion of deep hollows to be used for the manufacture of spline sleeves intended for internal toothing couplings. Two invention patents, PL206466 and PL224121, and one patent application, P.416772, were used for this purpose. Numerical computations were made in the Forge®3D program for the conceptual schemes of forming sleeves. The aim of those computations was to determine the extrusion forces and to compare them with the conventional indirect and direct extrusion methods. Then, on models based on the authors’ plastic forming schemes, numerical computations were made, from which the actual energy and force parameters were determined in the form of the relationship of extrusion force versus forming tool path. Also, the degree of fill of the passes, in which spline sleeve toothing is formed, was determined.
11
Content available Analysis of the Possibilities of Using Forging Heat in Isothermal Annealing Processes for AISI 4140 Alloy
Zwierzchowski M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2020
|
Vol. 65, iss. 2
951--958
EN
Production processes of hot forging most often look similar [1-3]. Forging in several operations, usually in three or four. Most often the first operation is upsetting or flattening (sometimes rolling). The last operation is finishing forging. This applies to the production of steel forgings for the automotive, agricultural and other similar industries. Typical production proceeds as follows: the forgings are cleaned (shot-blasted) and then heat treatment is performed. It can be normalization, hardening and tempering, etc. After the heat treatment, forgings are checked and subjected to strength and microscopic tests, hardness tests, impact tests. The type of tests depends on the recipient. The process described in the work takes place in three operations. The heat treatment used so far is hardening and tempering. An attempt was made to change the heat treatment technology for a selected product made of 42CrMo4 steel (1.7225) (4140). An isothermal annealing test was carried out at different temperatures and for different times. The possibility of using heat from the forging process in heat treatment processes for the described product has been confirmed.
12
Content available The numerical analysis of selected defects in forging processes
Łukaszek-Sołek Aneta, Bednarek Sylwia, Lisiecki Łukasz, Skubisz Piotr
Computer Methods in Materials Science
|
2019
|
Vol. 19, No. 3
89--99
EN
Technological development and growing performance expectations these days force quality attitude from the forging industry, which needs to be implemented at the very initial stage of design. Tendency of weight reduction calling for high-strength steels and near-net forging results in sophisticated geometries to be forged under severe work conditions producing low workability. One of the cost-effective contemporary tool to support the design of forging technology is numerical modeling. State of art in computer codes for prediction of the metal behavior during deformation gives high credits to computer simulation, which allows significant reduction of research and development costs. On the other hand, the method prevailing in this field, finite element method (FEM) has some limitations, for instance, the results are indirectly applicable as some of the defects can only be recognized by use of auxiliary criteria for interpretation of the simulation results.
PL
Wysokie wymagania stawiane przez klientów oraz potrzeba obniżenia kosztów produkcji przy jednoczesnym zachowaniu wysokiej jakości produktów powodują konieczność uwzględnienia specjalnych modeli i kryteriów w analizie numerycznej procesów kucia. Najnowsze podejścia oferowane przez producentów komercyjnego oprogramowania nie obejmują kompleksowej analizy wad. W wielu przypadkach konieczne jest uwzględnienie podprogramów stworzonych przez użytkownika i poświęconych konkretnym operacjom kucia. Interdyscyplinarna wiedza pozwala wybrać odpowiednią technikę prognozowania defektów typową dla analizowanego procesu kucia. Głównym celem artykułu przeglądowego jest pokazanie najnowszych narzędzi, ich modyfikacji i rozszerzeń do przewidywania defektów często obserwowanych w procesie przemysłowym kucia z wykorzystaniem modelowania MES. Metodologia badań polegała na połączeniu modelowania numerycznego, testów laboratoryjnych i analizy procesów przemysłowych.
13
Content available Evaluation of Adhesive Wear Mechanism for Application in Hybrid Tool Wear Model in Hot Forging Process
Wilkus M., Rauch Ł., Szeliga D., Pietrzyk M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 4
1395--1402
EN
In hot forging process, tool life is an important factor which influences the economy of production. Wear mechanisms in these processes are dependent on each other, so modeling of them is a difficult problem. The present research is focused on development of a hybrid tool wear model for hot forging processes and evaluation of adding adhesive mechanism component to this model. Although adhesive wear is dominant in cases, in which sliding distances are large, there is a group of hot forging processes, in which adhesion is an important factor in specific tool parts. In the paper, a proposed hybrid tool wear model has been described and various adhesive wear models have been reviewed. The feasible model has been chosen, adapted and implemented. It has been shown that adding adhesive wear model increases predictive capabilities of the global hybrid tool wear model as far as characteristic hot forging processes is considered.
14
Content available Comparative analysis and modelling of newly developed and unconventional processes of plastic forming of toothed gear elements
Michalczyk J., Wiewiórowska S., Muskalski Z.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 1
87--94
EN
The article reports the results of a comparative analysis made for three novel unconventional gear wheel forging processes based on the authors’ patented [5,6,21] plastic forming methods developed chiefly for the purposes of extruding hollow products as well as valves and pins. These processes are distinguished by the fact that part of the tooling elements which are normally fixed during conventional forging are purposefully set in motion. This is intended to change the conditions of friction at the metal-tool contact surface and to induce additional thermal effects due to the transformation of the plastic deformation energy into thermal energy and, as a consequence, to improve the plastic flow of metal and to reduce the force parameters of the process.
15
Content available An Impact of Assembly Interference on Stresses in the Die Tool System During Bolt Forging
Nowotyńska I., Kut S., Osetek M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, iss. 4
1471--1478
EN
The article presents an analysis of stresses in the current tool system of the die during the implementation of the third forging operation of the screw M12 class 10.9 with cylinder head and hexagonal socket. It was assumed that the level of negative cracking due to stress can be reduced by using a mounting interference between the die and the tube blank. Due to the design of the tool system value of the die, the interference value cannot be too large. Therefore, an analysis of the influence of the interference between the die and the tube blank in a die tool system on the value and distribution of stresses in the individual components. An analysis of the assembly stresses and the stresses occurring during the process of deformation of the shaped head of the screw was done. The calculations were performed using a commercial software package MARC / Mentat.
16
Content available remote Recent development trends in metal forming
Gronostajski Z., Pater Z., Madej L., Gontarz A., Lisiecki L., Lukaszek-Solek A., Luksza J., Mróz S., Muskalski Z., Muzykiewicz W., Pietrzyk M., Sliwa R. E., Tomczak J., Wiewiórowska S., Winiarski G., Zasadzinski J., Ziólkiewicz S.
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
|
2019
|
Vol. 19, no. 3
898--941
EN
Major, recent developmental trends in the field of metal forming are presented in the paper both from experimental and numerical point of view. First, progress made in metal forming processes such as: rolling of long flat products, cross wedge rolling, open die forging, die forging, extrusion, drawing, and stamping are addressed. Then, the study provides infor-mation on the current trends in the application of numerical modeling in the field of metal forming. Presented discussion of the particular issues, is confronted with the authors' own, recently elaborated, solutions.
17
Content available Selected aspects of production control a crankshaft with a free forging method TR
Pacana A., Czerwińska K.
Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem
|
2018
|
Vol. 21, nr 1
21--25
EN
The quality evaluation shall be the primary objective of acceptance testing of forgings for crankshafts. This paper presents technological issues concerning the production of crankshafts. It also characterizes and presents the scope of application of free forging and discusses the properties of steel used in crankshafts. The research part of the paper includes the analysis of selected test methods for determining the quality of forgings intended for crankshafts.
18
Content available Optymalizowanie struktury i właściwości mechanicznych stali martenzytycznych przeznaczonych na wielkogabarytowe pierścienie
Pachutko B., Lulkiewicz J., Surma M., Ziółkiewicz S., Kajpust S.
Obróbka Plastyczna Metali
|
2018
|
T. 29, nr 4
315--330
PL
Duże zapotrzebowanie na odkuwki w postaci pierścieni dla różnych gałęzi przemysłu wymaga stosowania nowoczesnych stali martenzytycznych o właściwościach mechanicznych dostosowanych do konkretnego zastosowania. Aby sprostać wymaganiom rynku, powstała koncepcja projektu niskoodpadowej technologii kształtowania wielkogabarytowych pierścieni ze stali X20Cr13 i X10CrMoVNb9-1 o profilowanych pobocznicach. Liderem projektu jest firma Zarmen FPA. Jednym z etapów tego projektu jest opracowanie technologii obróbki cieplnej pierścieni. Wykonano badania mikrostruktury i właściwości mechanicznych (wg norm PN-EN ISO 6892-1:2016-09, PN-EN ISO 148-1:2017-02 i PN-EN ISO 6507-1:2007) na próbkach pobranych z odkuwek kutych swobodnie przy temperaturze 1110±20°C z redukcją wysokości materiału wsadowego 50% oraz obrobionych cieplnie w 2 wariantach: hartowanie stali X20Cr13 z temperatury 1020±10°C w oleju oraz odpuszczanie przy temperaturze 600°C i 700°C, hartowanie stali X10CrMoVNb9-1 z temperatury 1050±10°C w oleju oraz odpuszczanie przy temperaturze 650°C i 700°C. Materiałem wsadowym były wałki ϕ40x60 mm. Wykonano też badania porównawcze na próbkach pobranych z wałków w stanie dostawy hutniczej i poddanych obróbce cieplnej w tych samych warunkach co odkuwki. Wskaźniki Rp0,2 i Rm, zgodne z założeniami, otrzymano dla obu stali po odpuszczaniu próbek pobranych z odkuwek przy temperaturze 700°C, wynoszące odpowiednio: 660 MPa i 844 MPa dla stali X20Cr13 oraz 764 MPa i 893 MPa dla stali X10CrMoVNb9-1. Wydłużenie próbek z obu stali wyniosło 21%, a praca łamania KV2: 25 J dla stali X20Cr13 i 38 J dla stali X10CrMoVNb9-1. Planowana jest weryfikacja właściwości mechanicznych uzyskanych na próbkach pobranych z kutych wałków oraz z eksperymentalnie walcowanych pierścieni.
EN
The large demand for forgings in the form of rings for various branches of industry requires the application of modern martensitic steels with mechanical properties adapted to the specific application. To meet the requirements of the market, the first concept of low-waste forming technology for large-size rings made of X20Cr13 and X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel, with profiled side surfaces, was created. The leader of the project is Zarmen FPA. One of the stages of this project is the development of ring heat treatment technology. Tests of microstructure and mechanical properties (according to standards PN-EN ISO 68921:2016-09, PN-EN ISO 148-1:2017-02 and PN-EN ISO 6507-1:2007) were performed on samples collected from flat-die forgings at temperature 1110±20°C with 50% height reduction of the stock material and heat treatment in 2 variants: hardening of X20Cr13 steel from temperature 1020±10°C in oil and tempering at temperature 600°C and 700°C, hardening of X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel from temperature 1050±10°C in oil and tempering at temperature 650°C and 700°C. The stock material was ϕ40x60 mm shafts. Comparative tests were also performed on samples collected from shafts in the state as delivered from the mill and subjected to heat treatment under the same conditions as forgings. Indicators Rp0.2 and Rm, according to assumptions, were obtained for both steels after tempering of samples collected from forgings at temperature 700°C, and were equal to, respectively: 660 MPa and 844 MPa for X20Cr13 steel and 764 MPa and 893 MPa for X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel. Elongation of samples for both steels was 21%, and energy absorbed during fracture KV2: 25 J for X20Cr13 steel and 38 J for X10CrMoVNb9-1 steel. It is planned to verify mechanical properties obtained in samples collected from forged shafts and from experimentally rolled rings.
19
Możliwości zastosowania mas r aplikacyjnych w pomiarze zużycia powierzchni roboczych matryc kuźniczych z głębokimi wykrojami z wykorzystaniem skanowania laserowego 3D
Hawryluk M., Kuran M., Ziemba J., Janik M.
Inżynieria Powierzchni
|
2018
|
nr 4
25--33
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano możliwości zastosowania metody replikowania geometrii narzędzia kształtującego wyrób w procesie kucia dokładanego na gorąco do kontroli cech geometrycznych z wykorzystaniem techniki skanowania laserowego 3D. Spośród kilkunastu mas o rożnych właściwościach i przeznaczeniu, badaniom poddano dwie masy do replikowania o zbliżonych parametrach, którymi wypełniono matrycę kuźniczą o głębokim -wykroju roboczym stosowaną w procesu wyciskania współbieżnego. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że w oparciu o wybrane parametry charakteryzujące masy replikacyjne oraz własne badania możliwy jest dobór optymalnej masy dla pomiarów wykonywanych metodą skanowania 3D ze względu na najlepsze odwzorowanie warstwy wierzchniej i zminimalizowanie deformacji pojawiającej się podczas usuwania replik z mierzonych wykrojów roboczych matryc. Zaproponowane podejście wykorzystujące pomiar w technice skanowania 3D mas replikacyjnych powierzchni narzędzi umożliwia przeprowadzanie badań nieniszczących dla pełnych roboczych powierzchni matryc kuźniczych o głębokich wykrojach i -wspomaganie procesu podejmowania decyzji o ich dalszej eksploatacji poprzez miarodajne określenie ich zużycia.
EN
The article presents the possibilities of using the method of replicating the geometry of the tool shaping the product in the hot forging process for the control of geometric features using 3D laser scanning. Out of a dozen or so masses with different properties and purpose, two masses for replication with similar parameters were tested, which were filled with a forging die with a deep working cavity used in the process of forward extrusion. The obtained results showed that on the basis of the selected parameters characterizing replication masses and own test s, it is possible to select the optimal mass for 3D scanning measurements due to the best mapping of the surface layer and the minimization of the deformations occurring when removing the replicas from the measured working cavities of the dies. The proposed approach using measurement in the 3D scanning technique of replicate masses of tool surfaces enables to perform non-destructive testing of full working surfaces of forging dies with deep cavities and to support decision making about their further exploitation by the reliable determination of their wear.
20
Content available remote Simulation of microstructure evolution during forging and heat treatment of Ti-6Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si Titanium Alloy
Alimov Artem, Stebunov Sergey, Biba Nikolai
Computer Methods in Materials Science
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2018
|
Vol. 18, No. 3
90--97
EN
The model of dynamic recrystallization of Ti-6Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si has been developed based on experimental data and implemented in FEM code QForm. Kinetics of dynamic recrystallization was simulated by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami- Kolmogorov equation. Effect of aging time (1-6 h) and temperature (450-650 °C) on mechanical properties has been experimentally studied. The model of heat treatment of Ti-6Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si has been developed and implemented in FEM code QForm. The model is capable to predict phase composition and hardness during and after arbitrary heat treatment within studied range. It was found that the highest hardness of Ti-6Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si can be obtained by aging during 4-6 hours at 550°C after solution treatment at 960°C.
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