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The effect of extreme winter conditions on element fluxes in a small forested watershed in N-E Europe

Kruk M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2012

Vol. 60, nr 4

741--754

The effect of contrasting meteorological conditions on hydrology, hydrochemistry and input–output budgets of nutrients and metals was examined in a small (2.8 ha) forested watershed of the Masurian Lakeland (NE Poland). The conditions of a frosty and dry continental winter activated an outflow of underground water originating from deeper water resources. The chemical composition of this outflow differed from watershed waters outflowing during mild winters with respect to SO4-S, Ca and Mg, which had lower concentrations, and NH4-N and K, which exhibited higher concentrations. An exceptionally severe winter affected also element fluxes in the examined watershed during the subsequent growing season. In order to show this impact, a comparison was made between the balances of elements moving through the investigated forest ecosystem during the growing seasons following mild and extremely cold winters. A biogeochemical effect of a frosty winter drought in a small post-glacial forested watershed, observed during vegetation growth (April – October), involved increased mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus: a higher level of DON and DOP retention and a lower level of SRP and NO3-N retention. The increase in mineralization and the “opening” of biogeochemical cycles were also reflected in the loss of metals as K, Na, Ca and Mg.

Budgets of elements in a lowland forested watershed : the comparison of watershed with and without the stream

Kruk M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

1999

Vol. 47, no 3

335-351

It was shown that hydrochemical properties of stream waters and subsurface (spring) waters and the budgets of elements in a lowland watershed calculated on the basis of these properties could differ significantly. The hydrochemical differences concerned the content of dissolved phosphorus, particularly in mineral form, nitrate, ammonium, potassium and manganese. In the dynamics of monthly elemental budgets, visible differences in the course of retention and leaching of nitrate and dissolved organic nitrogen were noted between stream and spring watersheds. The stream environment can modify average monthly budgets in the forested watershed of such elements as SO[4]-S and Na by increasing its leaching but of NO[3]-N, NH[4]-N and Mn by increasing retention level.