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1

Assessment of the pine forests condition using forest factors, physiological characteristics and remote detection data

Szymanek Mariusz, Tanaś Wojciech, Sprawka Maciej, Pugachevsky Alexander, Sazonov Alexander, Kostyukevich Sergey, Kudin Mikhail, Puchilo Anatoly, Semyonov Oleg, Shukanov Vladimir

Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 25, No. 1

29--49

EN

This paper evaluates the pathological condition of Belarusian forests with the use of monitoring of traditional forest factors and remote sensing data. The aim of the research was to assess the condition of pine forests to monitor forest degradation based on biochemical analyzes of needle samples and aviation monitoring with the use of monitoring data and remote detection. The remote shooting was carried out quasi-synchronously with the ground sampling of needles using an unmanned aircraft complex of an aircraft type. Based on the results of biochemical analyzes of needle samples, biochemical indicators that characterize the stability and physiological state of pine were determined: the level of peroxidation of membrane lipids; the release of water-soluble substances from plant tissues, which reflect the integrity of the cell walls; the content of photosynthetic pigments in the needles.

PL

W artykule dokonano oceny stanu patologicznego białoruskich lasów na podstawie monitoringu tradycyjnych czynników leśnych i danych teledetekcyjnych. Ocenę stanu lasów sosnowych w celu określenia ich degradacji przeprowadzono na podstawie analiz biochemicznych próbek igieł oraz zdalnej detekcji. Zdalny monitoring z naziemnym pobieraniem igieł realizowano za pomocą bezzałogowego statku powietrznego. Na podstawie wyników analiz biochemicznych próbek igieł określono wskaźniki biochemiczne charakteryzujące stabilność i stan fizjologiczny drzewostanu sosny, w tym: poziom peroksydacji lipidów błony; uwalnianie substancji rozpuszczalnych w wodzie z tkanek roślinnych, które odzwierciedlają integralność ścian komórkowych; zawartość barwników fotosyntetycznych w igłach.

2

Application of NOAA AVHRR satellite images for studying various environmental and climatic conditions in Polish forests

Bochenek Z., Ziółkowski D., Bartold M.

Geoinformation Issues

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2015

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Vol. 7, no. 1(7)

29--37

EN

The main objective of the presented work is to make an evaluation of the applicability of low-resolution satellite data for studying the condition of Polish forests being under impact of various climatic and environmental factors. NOAA AVHRR images were used in the work; vegetation indices derived from these images were combined with meteorological parameters obtained from weather stations. Six forest study areas representing different climatic and environmental conditions were used in the research work. The results of the study revealed that there are statistical relationships between remote sensing based indices derived for forest areas from low-resolution satellite data and temperature information characterizing climatic conditions, especially in the first part of the growing season. These findings were confirmed both in the spatial context – in various climatic zones – and in the temporal context.

PL

Głównym celem prezentowanej pracy jest ocena możliwości wykorzystania niskorozdzielczych obrazów satelitarnych do badania kondycji drzewostanów w polskich lasach, będących pod wpływem różnych czynników klimatycznych i środowiskowych. W pracy zostały wykorzystane obrazy satelitarne NOAA AVHRR; wskaźniki roślinności określone na podstawie tych obrazów zostały porównane z parametrami meteorologicznymi otrzymanymi z naziemnych stacji pogodowych. Badania przeprowadzono dla 6 obszarów leśnych reprezentujących różne warunki klimatyczne i środowiskowe. Wyniki prac wykazały, iż istnieją statystyczne zależności pomiędzy wskaźnikami roślinności określanymi na podstawie niskorozdzielczych obrazów satelitarnych a temperaturą powietrza charakteryzującą warunki klimatyczne, zwłaszcza w pierwszej części okresu wegetacyjnego. Wnioski te zostały potwierdzone w aspekcie przestrzennym – w różnych strefach klimatycznych oraz w aspekcie czasowym.

3

The definition of the area of felling forests by high resolution satellite images

Burshtynska K., Polishchuk B., Madyar J.

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2014

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no. 3

43--54

EN

The paper presents a hybrid classification method based on the determination of the optimal number of classes according to uncontrolled classification followed by image processing techniques of controlled classification. A criterion for determining the optimal number of classes is proposed based on the definition of averaged values differences of average spectral brightness among the classes. Space images from satellites Ikonos (2002, 2007) and QuickBird (2010) were used to study different time cuttings in the forests of the Carpathian region. A significant amount of ground observation was held for getting test information. A Hybrid Classification Method is used for different time cuttings by QuickBird satellite images and implemented in a software environment of ERDAS Imagine. In order to obtain acreage of cuttings made for the period of 2002-2007 and 2007-2010, a comparative analysis of cuttings is introduced in these time intervals and their area is determined on the basis of the digital images of polygons in the ArcGIS software environment.

4

Rola wody w lesie

Ciepielowski A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

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2005

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R. 102, z. 10-Ś

17--28

EN

Water plays a leasing role in all plant life processes. This element forms an important environment in which biochemical reactions go on. It participates in the oxidation process at breathing. It is necessary for hydrolyse and it plays a considerable role in membrane processes; it constitutes a thermoregulating factor. Water is also a life site for many plants and animals. It can be either any ally or an enemy, acting destructively on the environment. Explanation of basic hydrological processes in forest i.e. evapotranspiration, interception, and others, is possible through the search on plant physiology. The report gives a scheme of the stomata apparatus, and factors were defined that may disturb their action. Forest is not only a place for water retention due to the interception process, but also a base for shaping, enriching and protecting water resources, and a source of the impact on those climatic factors that form these resources as well.Forest protects also water resources against manmade pollution. Therefore execution of an increasing retention and afforestation programme is necessary. In the perspective of the year 2020 an increase of country.s forest cover up to 30% is planned, as well as transformation of raw matter forestry into a multiple-function forestry. Extraordinary phenomena use to occur on forest areas, causing natural disasters, ecological calamities, and epidemiological threats: fllods, drought, hurricanes, plant pest population breakouts etc. all these phenomena are related to a great extent to the state of water resources and microclimatic conditions prevailing in forest. The report discusses research results on three factors of such a type, and namely: the flood of 1997, the dropping down of the ground watertable on the Kampinos National Park area, and effects of the forest wildfire at Rudy Raciborskie.The report is ending wit discussion on the role of forest monitoring as a source of information also for specialists busy with water management in forests.

5

Monitoring lasów w Polsce - problemy i kierunki rozwoju

Jaszczak R.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2001

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Nr 5

70--81

PL

Praca stanowi przegląd różnych form monitoringu lasów w Polsce. W ramach monitoringu biologicznego przedstawiono sprawy związane z oceną defoliacji koron. Zaprezentowano nowe aspekty projektowanej wielkopowierzchniowej inwentaryzacji stopnia uszkodzenia drzewostanów. W przypadku ustalania stref uszkodzenia lasu zwrócono uwagę na częstość ich określania, ilość wyróżnianych stref oraz na straty wynikające ze zmniejszenia się przyrostu miąższości. Zaakcentowano przydatność teledetekcji i systemów informacji przestrzennej do oceny stanu lasów. Rezolucje „procesu helsińskiego" i protokół z Kioto są powodem potrzeby monitorowania różnorodności biologicznej w lasach i zmian w bilansie węgla. Wolny wstęp do lasów w Polsce i szkody z tym związane rodzą potrzebę monitoringu rekreacyjnego lasów. Wszystkie formy monitoringu lasów służą kształtowaniu świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa.

EN

The study is a review of different forms of forest monitoring in Poland. Within the framework of biological monitoring, the paper presents problems associated with the assessment of crown defoliation. New aspects of a planned large-area inventory of the degree of stand damage were presented. In the case of establishment of forest damage zones attention was paid to the frequency of their determination, number of identified zones and losses resulting from the decrease in volume increment. The applicability of télédétection and systems of aerial information for the estimation of forest condition was accepted. Resolution of the „Helsinki process" and the Kioto protocol require signatories of these directives to monitor forest biological diversity and changes in carbon balance. Free access to forests in Poland and damages associated with it make it also necessary to monitor the recreational functions of forests. All forms of forest monitoring serve to improve ecological awareness of the public.