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Efficiency improvement of forest machinery exploitation

Grigorev Igor, Kunickaya Ol'ga, Prosuzhih Alexey, Kruchinin Igor, Shakirzyanov Dmitry, Shvetsova Viktoria, Markov Oleg, Egipko Sergey

Diagnostyka

2020

Vol. 21, No. 2

95--109

The purpose of this work was to develop a model of the interaction process between the wheeled forwarder and the soil of the cutting area, which allows evaluating the influence of soil conditions, the parameters of the wheeled forwarder, as well as load and number of cycles of its application, on the indicators of resistance and adhesion of the forwarder to the traction surface. Modeling results for 3- and 4-axle forest machines with different load levels showed that for different soil categories, types of bodies, and tire sizes. The results of the approximation analysis enabled the derive of calculation formulas for estimating the propulsive coefficient and rut depth after the first passage depending on the values of load-bearing capacity, body load coefficient, wheel width, and soil deformation module. The proposed model can be used at laying down the skidding roads and its optimization not only in economic terms but also with respect to the environment as intensive harvesting operations lead to extensive soil destructions. The practical application of the results is expressed in increased performance capacities of wood skidding operations and minimization of costs for restoring the productivity of forest area.

Intensifying the management of protection forests in the Alps

Mihelič M., Spinelli R., Poje A.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

2018

vol. 61, nr 201

23--37

In the Alps, forests are generally multi-functional, and they are classed according to their primary role as production, protection or recreation forests. The dominance of one of these roles does not exclude all the others, although it shapes management, which must reflect the primary role of each forest. That is also the case of protection forests, which must be managed for their secondary production and recreation roles as well. What is more, management is a vital requirement because it supports forest health, and therefore periodic harvesting remains a necessity. However, the physical conditions that characterize a protection forest (e.g. extremely steep terrain, sensitive soil, remote location etc.) and the prescriptions of a specifically designed silviculture tend to constrain harvesting and make it especially difficult. Special harvesting equipment and novel approaches to harvesting are required in order to achieve environmental, social and financial sustainability. This study reports about cable yarding in a protection forest, under conditions that are representative of the challenges encountered when negotiating this forest type. The productivity of the yarding operation was 6.1 m3ub ub SMH-1 for the yarding distance of 135 m, an average load of 0.88 m3 and a lateral distance of 20 m. Of the remaining trees, 27.1% were damaged during forest operations due to felling, log contact or falling rocks. Falling rocks have a great influence on log quality and value. Consequently, 73% of conifers and 90% of broadleaves are C class logs or other lower grade wood, making a large impact on the economy of the operation.

Technika i technologia sortymentacji

Neruda J.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

2003

R. 7, nr 11

167--172

Zasadniczą częścią technicznego wyposażenia nowoczesnego składu drewna jest linia do przecinania poprzecznego. W praktyce leśnej Republiki Czeskiej używane są różne typy linii technologicznych do przecinania poprzecznego pni. Celem badań była analiza techniczna wyposażenia linii technologicznych działających w sposób ciągły. Linie do przecinania rozróżniane są na podstawie ta kich kryteriów jak: rodzaj pni obrabianych w całości, wymiar obrabianego drewna, technicznej budowy, począwszy od obsługi ręcznej, a kończąc na urządzeniach zautomatyzowanych z możliwością optymalizacji cięcia. Prawidłowe i skuteczne działanie linii przecinających zależy od wstępnego i kolejnych zestawień ma szyn składu drewna, a w szczególności maszyn transportowych (technologie "harvesterowe").

A basic part of the technical equipment of a modern timber yard is a cross-cutting line. In the forest practice in the Czech Republic, various types of cross-cutting lines are used. Stationary lines are broadly used, operate continuously and in the course of cross-cutting timber is transported/translocated by means of conveyers both longitudinally and transversely. Cross-cutting lines with a mobile working mechanism are less frequent. Through the lines, logs are individually processed and stems and produced assortments are translocated by a hydraulic crane which is part of the line. The cross-cutting lines are further distinguished according to various aspects: kind of processed whole-stem logs (conifers or broadleaved species), dimensions of processed timber (up to 35 cm diameter lines for small-sized wood, above 35 cm lines for large-sized timber), technical level of the construction (from manual operation to automatized devices with a possibility to optimize a cut) etc. A correct and effective operation of cross-cutting lines is dependent on the previous and successive machine junctions of the timber yard equipment particularly transport ones. In the recent years, harvester technologies of logging operations are increasingly used markedly changing the logistic chain of timber processing and timber transport from forest stands to a consumer be cause they do not require to use centralized conversion landings.