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Detecting and Restoring Gaps Among Forest Patches: AN Achievable and Replicable Proposal to Boost the Landscape Connectivity

Bortoleto Ludmila Araujo, Rodgers John, da Silva Alexandre Marko

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 3

62--84

EN

It is well known that one of the main impacts caused by land cover change is the process of forest fragmentation. Connecting the remaining fragments is always an exercise for technicians and academics, and even corridors of remaining vegetation usually present places of forest discontinuity, lacking connection strategies for the corridor to gain a real function. In this paper, we applied a model structured to identify priority locals to implement connectors. We used a GIS package and a digital, georeferenced satellite image. We complemented the project by surveying a database through a drone-based field survey. The integration of data revealed that for our studied area (Sorocaba, SP Brazil) 42.5% need assisted restoration. The mapping also revealed the existence of 25 forest fragments larger than 50 ha, arranged chiefly in one single corridor but disconnected from each other. Hence, through the application of the model, we could localize nine strategic locations in distances as short as possible among the fragments, feasible to implement a connector with the economy of resources and expect satisfactory performance in ecological terms. The database generated by the drone-based survey helped us to assert the effectiveness of the model in choosing areas that require assisted restoration to reestablish the connection of the landscape.

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Trwałość struktury krajobrazu w obrębie obszarów leśnych dawnej prowincji – Nowa Marchia

Pieńkowski P., Kupiec M.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2015

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nr 28

27--34

PL

W pracy przedstawiono specyfikę fragmentacji płatów leśnych na obszarze dawnej prowincji Nowa Marchia, związaną głównie ze średniowiecznym osadnictwem z drugiej poł. XIII w. W obrębie dużych zwartych kompleksów leśnych tego obszaru występują nadal stosunkowo równomiernie rozmieszczone małe bezleśne enklawy wiejskie (140 – 800 ha). Ich lokalizację i powierzchnię scharakteryzowano, wykorzystując współczesne i archiwalne materiały kartograficzne. Stwierdzono, że pomimo wielowiekowej tendencji do przejmowania lasów pod użytkowanie rolnicze tereny bezleśne otaczające wsie tego obszaru nie podlegały większym zmianom. W XIX i XX w. granice przyległych do wsi obszarów bezleśnych nie zmieniły się, a specyficzna fragmentacja związana z osadnictwem wiejskim, która miała miejsce przed prawie ośmiuset laty, jest nadal widoczna i wpływa na strukturę użytkowania, stanowiąc wielowiekowe świadectwo przeobrażeń krajobrazu kulturowego.

EN

The paper presents the fragmentation processes of forest patches in the area of the historical New March province, closely associated with the medieval colonization period from the second half of the thirteenth century. Within the large and dense forests of the research area, the small, deforested rural enclaves areas (140-800 ha) are nowadays regularly distributed. Its specific arrangement was characterized basing on contemporary and archival cartographic materials. It was found that, despite the trend observed over the years (the area of forests being taken over by agriculture land use), the deforested areas surrounding villages were not subject to major changes. In the analysis based on cartographic materials from 18-20th c., the boundaries of clearings have not significantly changed. The specific fragmentation type associated with the medieval rural settlement system, which took place almost eight hundred years ago, is still readable and affects the structure of the landscape, acting as a centuries-old witness of transformation of the cultural landscape.

3

Forest fragmentation in the Tatra Region in the period 2000 -2006

Kopecka M., Novaček J.

Landform Analysis

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2009

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Vol. 10

58-63

EN

The calamity windstorm in November 2004 caused dramatic changes of land cover in the Tatra Mountains. The bora have destroyed then more than 12,000 ha of forest and principally affected the habitat structure in the Tatra National Park. The aim of this contribution is to quantify changes in forest fragmentation in 2000 and 2006. We present forest fragmentation maps related to the years 2000 and 2006. The CORINE Land Cover data layers CLC 2000 and CLC 2006 converted to raster format were used as the input data in the process of forest fragmentation assessment. Forest pixels were classified according to fragmentation indices measured within the surrounding landscape as the forest core, forest patch, forest edge, and perforated forest. Decrease of the compact forest areas (forest core) by about 9% was recorded. On the other side, increased percentage of disrupted forest areas was observed. Decrease of the area of the CLC forest classes (classes 311, 312 and 313) on land cover maps from 2000 and 2006 was connected with an increased number of transitional woodland/shrubs polygons (CLC class 324). These results suggest a temporary fragmentation with possible forest regeneration. On the other hand, forest destruction in the National Park facilitated the development of travel and tourism (new hotels, ski parks, etc.). An increased number of construction sites (CLC class 133) indicate that an urban sprawl associated with a permanent forest fragmentation can be also expected in the future.

4

Forest fragment size affects edge effect in nest predation . experiment with artificial nests

Mazgajski T., Rejt Ł.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 2

233-242

EN

Many species react negatively to forest fragmentation. If this process also decreases the abundance of forest predators we expect that birds. broods in small forest patches would be preyed upon only by predators that penetrate from the matrix while broods in larger patches would be also attacked by predators specifically associated with forests. We tested the hypothesis that an increase in forest patch size leads to an increase in predator pressure on nests. Studies were conducted in Central Poland, in an agriculturally dominant area with 6% forest cover and highly fragmented woodlot. Three patch sizes were chosen for the experiment: small (< 20 ha), medium (30 - 50 ha) and large (> 120 ha). One quail egg was placed in each nest. All transects were checked after 13 - 14 days. The highest predation level was found in medium-sized patches, the lowest . in the largest patches. We found a reverse edge effect on nest predation in the largest patches, i.e. a decreased predation risk closer to the forest/matrix border. When comparing our results with other studies, it seems that the manner of classifying forest size significantly affects the results obtained. This may explain the differences in the results of many authors studying this phenomenon.

5

Vegetation of the proposed "Bażantka" nature reserve on Głubczyce Plateau in the light of current threats to the forested habitats

Orczewska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2004

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nr 131(12)

295-305

EN

The vegetation cover of a small isolated woodland located in the agricultural landscape of the Głubczyce Plateau was studied. The following forest communities of natural character were present there: Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, Fraxino-Alnetum and Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli. The main evidence of transformation of the vegetation cover of the woodland is the presence of the Picea abies-Impatiens parviflora secondary community and the abundant occurrence of Impatiens parviflora in some parts of the natural communities. Another expansive species which, like Impatiens parviflora, contributes to a decrease in the biodiversity of the herb layer, is Carex brizoides. Although some evidence of past disturbance was noticed, the vegetation cover of the wood is relatively well preserved. A proposal has been made to protect the whole woodland as a nature reserve.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania nad roślinnością małego, izolowanego przestrzennie lasu, położonego w rolniczym krajobrazie Płaskowyżu Głubczyckiego. Stwierdzono tu obecność następujących zbiorowisk leśnych o charakterze naturalnym: Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, Fraxino-Alnetum oraz Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli. Głównymi przejawami transformacji pokrywy roślinnej badanego obszaru była obecność zbiorowiska zastępczego Picea abies-Impatiens parviflora, rosnącego na siedlisku grądu oraz masowe występowanie Impatiens parviflora w niektórych partiach lasu. Innym ekspansywnym gatunkiem, który tak jak i niecierpek drobnokwiatowy, przyczynia się do spadku bogactwa gatunkowego w warstwie runa, jest Carex brizoides. Pomimo przejawów działających w przeszłości zaburzeń o charakterze antropogenicznym pokrywa roślinna badanego obiektu jest stosunkowo dobrze zachowana. Z tych względów proponuje się objąć go ochroną rezerwatową.