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EN
The aim of this study was the application of the geo-accumulation index and geostatistical methods to the assessment of forest soil contamination with heavy metals in the Babia Góra National Park (BGNP). For the study, 59 sample plots were selected to refl ect all soil units (soil subtypes) in the studied area and take into account various forms of terrain. The content of organic carbon and total nitrogen, pH, hydrolytic acidity, the base cations and heavy metals content were determined in the soil samples. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was calculated, enabling estimation of the degree of soil pollution. The tested soils are characterized by strong contamination with heavy metals, especially with lead. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface horizons of the tested soils exceeds allowable concentration. The content of heavy metals was related to the content of soil organic matter, soil acidity and altitude. Higher altitudes are dominated by coniferous tree stands, which are accompanied by acidic, poorly decomposed organic horizons. Our study has confi rmed the impact of pollutants transported from industrial areas on the amount of heavy metals in soils of the BGNP.
EN
Studies of forest ecosystems enable gathering important information on the natural environment the development of which is more and more disturbed by the global climate change. The current research on the ecosystem functioning provides data that may be of much value for future analysis and prognostic studies. Modern measurement techniques used in the forest research have a significant influence on the increase in the database resources, especially those concerning the spatial data. Big data requires the use of advanced analytical technologies, such as data warehouses, computer clusters or cloud computing. Consequently, cooperation of specialists from various scientific disciplines, including forestry, geography, climatology and computer science, has become increasingly necessary. The IT system of the Forest Research Institute (FRI) was modernized within the framework of the Operational Programme – Innovative Economy 2007–2013. Its functionality allows integrating, storing and analyzing ever more big databases from dispersed sources. The idea of open access to data is realized by the FRI mainly through publication of research results in domestic and foreign scientific journals, in specialized information services and on scientific portals. On the other hand, open access to raw data still raises a lot of concern and controversies in the scientific community, especially in the context of copyright infringement.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono ocenę jakości powietrza na terenie gminy Sadowne (przez którą przebiega droga krajowa nr 50) przy pomocy metody lichenoindykacyjnej.
EN
This article discusses the air quality estimation in the municipality of Sadowne (through which the national road No. 50) using the lichenoindicative method.
EN
Biogeochemical effects to Polish terrestrial ecosystems resulting from atmospheric nitrogen deposition were forecasted until the target year 2020. To this end recently updated critical loads of nutrient nitrogen were applied and the nitrogen deposition projections for the sequence of decades from 1980 until the target year 2020, based on the Current Legislation (CLE) and Maximum Feasible Reductions (MFR) emission scenarios. The predictions were done by use of the Very Simple Dynamic (VSD) Model developed within the Working Group on Effects of the UN ECE Convention on the Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution CLRTAP. The calculations were done for three main forest ecosystems and three selected semi-natural ecosystems encompassing the whole territory of Poland with the spatial resolution defined by a grid cell of 1*1 km size. The study concluded with maps of CLnut(N) exceedances and expected nitrogen concentrations in soil as chemical criterion, assigned to different eutrophication risk categories for each deposition scenario. The obtained results show that in spite of the realistic (CLE scenario) and extreme (MFR) nitrogen emission reductions until 2020, more than 99% and 80% of total area of terrestrial ecosystems of Poland, respectively, willbe exposed to excessive nitrogen deposition. Results of this study as well as studies done on the European scale reveal that the nitrogen emission reductions determined by the Gothenburg Protocol are still insufficient and may lead to negative ecological effects including loss of ecosystems biodiversity. This substantiates a demanding need for the revision of the CLRTAP Gothenburg Protocol.
5
EN
No consensus has emerged on the sensitivity of soil respiration to increasing temperatures under global warming due partly to the lack of data and unclear feedbacks. Our objective was to investigate the general trends of warming effects on soil respiration. This study used meta-analysis as a means to synthesize data from eight sites with a total of 140 measurements taken from published studies. The results presented here suggest that average soil respiration in forest ecosystems was increased approximately by 22.5% with escalating soil temperatures while soil moisture was decreased by 16.5%. The decline in soil moisture seemed to be offset by the positive effects of increasing temperatures on soil respiration. Therefore, global warming will tend to increase the release of carbon normally stored within forest soils into the atmosphere due to increased respiration.
EN
The study of groundwaters was carried out in two different forest ecosystems of Słowiński National Park: Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis and Empetro nigri-Pinetum in the period of 2002-2005. Differences were found in the position of the groundwater table and in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the investigated forest associations. In the Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis association the groundwater table was found on average at a depth of -73.3 cm, while in Empetro nigri-Pinetum at -90.2 cm. No statistically significant effect of precipitation on the position of the groundwater table was found in this study. Statistical calculations (U Mann-Whitney test) for groundwaters in the analyzed forest associations showed statistically significant differences in the dynamics of concentrations of total nitrogen (T-N), organic nitrogen (Norg.), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3), total phosphorus (T-P), organic phosphorus (Porg.) and the level of groundwaters.
PL
Badania wód gruntowych prowadzono w dwóch różnych ekosystemach leśnych Słowińskiego Parku Narodowego: Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis i Empetro nigri-Pinetum w latach 2002-2005. Stwierdzono różnice w położeniu lustra wód gruntowych oraz w koncentracji związków azotu i fosforu w badanych zespołach leśnych. W Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis lustro wód gruntowych występowało średnio na głębokości -73,3 cm, a w Empetro nigri-Pinetum -90,2 cm. Nie stwierdzono istotnego statystycznie wpływu opadów atmosferycznych na położenie lustra wód gruntowych. Obliczenia statystyczne (test U Manna-Whitneya) dla wód gruntowych badanych zespołów leśnych wykazały istotne statystycznie różnice w dynamice koncentracji azotu ogólnego (T-N), azotu organicznego (Norg.), azotanowego (N-NO3), fosforu ogólnego (T-P), fosforu organicznego (Porg.) oraz poziomu wód gruntowych.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie opisuje doświadczenia nabyte w ciągu piętnastu lat prowadzenia prac rekultywacyjnych. Zwraca uwagę na niektóre szczegóły formowania gruntu, które mają duże znaczenie w jego stabilizacji. Artykuł wskazuje metody wprowadzania roślinności, których celem jest możliwie szybkie przekształcenie terenów zdegradowanych działalnością górniczą w trwały ekosystem leśny.
EN
The article describes experiences gained during the last 15 years of the reclamation works. It puts the attention on some details of the land formation that have significant importance in its stabilization. The article points the methods of flora implementation that head at the quick post mining land transformation into long lasting forest ecosystem.
PL
Odkrywkowa działalność górnicza PGE Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego „ Turów" S.A. przyczyniła się do powstania wielkoobszarowych zwałowisk przekształconych geomechanicznie gruntów pokopalnianych. Rekultywacja terenów pogórniczych w Turowie prowadzona od lat 60. XX w. w kierunku leśnym pozwoliła na wypracowanie własnego modelu rekultywacji.Efektem ekologicznym są powstające ekosystemy leśne o charakterze lasu mieszanego wyżynnego z charakterystycznym układem poziomów diagnostycznych właściwym dla gleb leśnych. Do dnia dzisiejszego zrekultywowano 2 609 ha gruntów pogórniczych, z czego 1 942 ha przekazano Lasom Państwowym.
EN
The opencast mine PGE KWB "Turów" contributed to local large-scale landscape ransformations ensued from the dumping grounds. In the period of 60 years of forest reclamation of dumping grounds in "Turów" an own reclamation model was elaborated. The ecological results are forest ecosystems of mixed highland forest with characteristic arrangement of diagnostic levels of the forest soils. Till today total area of reclaimed dumping grounds reached 2 609 he, of which 1 942 he. was acquired by the State Forests.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne wykorzystanie metody minmax przy optymalizacji procesów eksploatacyjnych. Powyższa metodę wykorzystano w celu określenia optymalnej wydajności sprzętu do zrywki drzewa przy minimalnym skażeniu środowiska naturalnego.
EN
The article focuses on minimax principle application to optimal operational performance assessment of logging production systems. The operational performance optimum values are defined on condition minimizing extraneous substances production during energy and material flows.
EN
Considering plant-to-soil pathways, decomposition of vegetative fluxes such as litter and litterfall is one of the important processes that adjust the carbon cycle and nutritional elements in the formation of a forest's organogenic horizon. However, there is little information available on this subject, and the fractional structure (amount, type and interrelation) of organic matter also seems to receive little attention. Using 7 different vegetative samples, a field study was performed over 3 years to find the relation between phenolics content and mass losses in the subarctic region (N66° and E31°). In addition, climate effects on this relation were investigated. The data obtained from this field study testify that (i) an intensive loss of organic matter occurred in active parts of various litterfalls and (ii) leached phenols were related with mass losses (decomposition rates) of vegetative fluxes (litterfalls and litters) to the soil. The statistic analysis suggests that (iii) total mass losses of samples (except litter) were connected with both the temperature sum and the precipitation sum, and (iv) phenolics losses also had a similar trend in different kinds of litterfall.
PL
Oszacowano biomasę dominujących gatunków drzew sosny, dębu, brzozy w ekosystemie leśnym położonym na złożu węgla brunatnego w Nadleśnictwie Legnica. Stosując wzory empiryczne, obliczono biomasę liści, gałęzi, pni i korzeni, a laku biomasę skumulowaną w ściółce. W tych samych warunkach oszacowano minimalne potrzeby wodne dla sosny, brzozy i dębu.
EN
The biomass of dominant tree species: pine, oak, birch was estimated in the forest ecosystem located on a deposit of brown coal in the Legnica Forest District. According to empirical equations the biomass of leaves, branches, trunks and roots was calculated, as well as the cumulated biomass in litter. ]n the same conditions, minimum water requirements were estimated for pine, birch and oak.
12
Content available remote Turystyczne i rekreacyjne użytkowanie ekosystemów przyrodniczo cennych
PL
Cechą turystyki jest ciągłe zajmowanie nowych, atrakcyjnych obszarów na potrzeby turystyki i rekreacji. Współczesne trendy mówiące o odchodzeniu od turystyki biernej na rzecz turystyki aktywnej powodują, że nowych obszarów recepcji turystycznej coraz częściej poszukuje się na terenach przyrodniczo cennych. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na konieczność ostrożnego i odpowiedzialnego użytkowania turystycznego ekosystemów przyrodniczo cennych. Autorzy opierają się na przeprowadzonych badaniach terenowych w ekosystemach wodnych i leśnych Puszczy Augustowskiej. W artykule mamy charakterystykę warunków rozwoju turystyki w tych ekosystemach, omówienie negatywnych zachowań prowadzących do degradacji środowiska leśnego i wodnego wraz z określeniem sposobów minimalizacji tego wpływu oraz ocenę możliwości użytkowania turystycznego ekosystemów przyrodniczo cennych na przykładzie Puszczy Augustowskiej.
EN
The study indicates that the ecosystems are not sensibly used in consequence they are endangered with degradation. In accordance with the principles of ecodevelopment the development of tourism is naturally valuable ecosystems should be based on the following premises: - practised forms of tourism should be environmentally friendly, - utilizing ecosystems (aquatic, orest, meadow etc.) it is essential that you do natural valorization and carry out a study of its influence on the environment, - tourism cultivation should not distort the beauty of the landscape
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