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Ocena aktywności żerowej Cervus elaphus na zrewitalizowanych łąkach śródleśnych na podstawie analizy intensywności zgryzania runi

Daszkiewicz J., Goliński P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

2015

nr 158 (38)

66--75

Celem niniejszej pracy jest ocena aktywności żerowej jelenia europejskiego na łąkach śródleśnych poddanych renowacji z wykorzystaniem różnych metod. Badania przeprowadzone na obiektach doświadczalnych wykazały, że zdecydowana większość aktywności żerowej zwierząt miała miejsce na powierzchniach odnowionych przy pomocy metody pełnej uprawy połączonej z wysiewem specjalistycznych mieszanek nasiennych. Stosunkowo niewielki efekt dało zastosowanie metody podsiewu. Żerowa-nie na obiektach kontrolnych miało charakter incydentalny, co pozwala wnioskować, że ruń tych powierzchni łąk nie spełniała wymagań pokarmowych jelenia europejskiego.

Aim of this study is evaluation of red deer foraging activity on renovated mid-forest meadows using different methods. Research, carried out on experimental sites, showed, that most of grazing activity of animals falls on areas renovated by full tillage method combined with sowing of specialised seed mixtures. Relative low effect occurs by using of oversowing method. Foraging activity on control areas was very low, this allow to conclude that sward of this mid-forest meadows didn’t fulfil nutritional needs of red deer.

The effect of food odour on food preference, activity and density of dung beetle Geotrupes stercorosus (Scriba, 1971) in a mixed coniferous forest

Plewińska B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2007

Vol. 55, nr 3

495-509

The response of coprophagous dung beetles Geotrupes stercorosus (Scriba, 1791) to the additional food supply in the habitat was examined, as well as their food preference, the effect of food and the daily rhythm of activity, and population density. The study was conducted in the summer and early autumn periods in four years (1998-2002) in a mixed coniferous forest Leucobryo-Pinetum (Matuszkiewicz, 1962) located in central Poland (52 [degree] 20'N, 27 [degree] 25'E). The insects were captured in baited traps functioning as Barber's traps do. They were marked by clipping wing covers (based on the CMR technique). In total, about 31 000 individuals were caught and marked. It has been found that among faeces of different mammals, the faeces of forest rodents are the most attractive food for dung beetles.Food stimulates movements of beetles towards its source (foraging activity). The peak activity coincides with the afternoon hours (5.43 individuals per trap, on average, P [is less than or equal to] 0.0001 as compared with the other periods of the day and night). There were years with a high number of captures (11.9 individuals per trap per day) and a low searching activity, and years with a low number of captures (5.06 individuals per trapper day) and a high searching activity. To compare differences in the number of beetles captured in pitfall traps with their genuine numbers in the habitat, the method of square sampling was used for evaluating their density (1.13 x 10 [^3] individuals per ha). There were days when the locomotor activity of the dung beetles was low and days when the number of captured beetles exceeded several times their genuine density on the area of 1 ha.