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Miocene transpression effects at the boundary of Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin and Pieniny Klippen Belt - examples from Polish-Slovakian borderland

Ludwiniak M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2018

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Vol. 44, no. 1

91--100

EN

A geological structural study has been conducted along the tectonic contact zone of the Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin (CCPB) and Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB) in the eastern Podhale and western Spišska Magura areas. It concerned mostly the Central Carpathian Paleogene flysch strata and, to a lesser degree, the Upper Cretaceous rocks of the PKB. Tectonic deformation structures genetically related to the important tectonic boundary in question occur within a c. 1.5–2 km-wide strip of the Paleogene flysch rocks adjacent from the south to the PKB. Two parallel structural domains have been distinguished within this strip: the contact zone proper in the north and the peri-Pieniny monocline in the south. Most of the minor faults documented in the Paleogene flysch bear a record of dextral motion parallel to the contact zone. Some dextral-reverse oblique slip faults of NE-SW and W-E trends have also been recognized. Discrepancies in the orientation and sense of movement on strike-slip faults in the Paleogene flysch rocks and those in marlstones of the “klippen envelope” of the PKB were encountered. They probably reflect differences in the structural history of both the adjacent rock complexes, as the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the PKB must have experienced more deformation events and, in general, were affected by much more intense strain than those of the CCPB. Contractional structures, such as south-vergent reverse faults and recumbent folds which point to ca N-S tectonic shortening, have also been found in the Paleogene rocks. The entirety of the structural features found in the CCPB is characteristic of a transpressional regime. The regionally consistent coexistence of structures resulting from strike-slip movements and tectonic shortening, as well as features pointing directly to a transpressional regime, prove the transpressional dextral nature of the contact between the CCPB and PKB.

2

Porównanie sekwencji deformacji fałdowych w północnej i południowej okrywie granitoidów Karkonoszy

Gaidzik K., Żaba J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 12

1548--1554

EN

We applied the detailed structural analysis to 394 outcrops in the southern and northern metamorphic cover of the Karkonosze Intrusion. We recognised five generations of fold structures: F1 -poorly preserved tight intrafoliation folds; F2 - the most common generation, with the whole variety of fold geometries, W-E and WSW-ENE-oriented fold axes in the northern contact zone, and W-E and WNW-ESE-oriented fold axes in the southern contact zone; F3 - chevron folds; F4 - kinkfolds observed only in the Stara Kamienica schist belt; and F5 - wide open folds, locally transformed into monoclinal kinkfolds, probably formed during the Variscan intrusion of the Karkonosze pluton. Similarity observed in the structural style in the northern and southern contact zones prove that these lithostratigraphic units had formed a single unit - the Izera-Kowary Unit - and had undergone the same deformational stages before the Karkonosze granitoid intrusion took place.

3

Characteristics and origin of deformation structures within lignite seams : a case study from Polish opencast mines

Widera M.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 1

181--191

EN

The present paper discusses the genesis of some deformation structures within Miocene lignite seams in Poland. These meso- to macro-scale deformation structures are the best developed in areas where the thickest lignite seams are exploited, that is, in the Bełchatów, Turów and Lubstów lignite opencast mines. They show a wide variety of structures such as high-angle inclined strata, normal and reverse faults and folds, fractures and clastic dikes. These deformation structures were not analysed in terms of the structural development of the lignite-bearing areas, but rather in the context of their origin. The high-angle inclination of clastic sedimentary strata clearly formed mainly as a result of vertical tectonic movements in the sub-Cenozoic basement, their currently measured dip angle being significantly higher than their natural angle of repose. All the observed normal and reverse faults cutting the Miocene strata are a clear example of syn- and/or post-depositional tectonics. The normal faults clearly indicate tensional tectonics while the reverse faults reflect compressional tectonics. In turn, the majority of folds occurring within the lignite seams are a result of peat/lignite compaction. However, one of the folds studied is predominantly the result of vertical displacements in the sub-Cenozoic basement. The en echelon fracture pattern may additionally indicate the horizontal component of these displacements. Finally, the most spectacular and debatable structures are clastic dikes. In this study the genesis of some of them is linked with the evolution of the graben’s marginal fault.

4

Makroskalowe deformacje glacitektoniczne osadów neogeńskich w konińskich odkrywkach węgla brunatnego

Widera M., Włodarski W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2010

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nr 139 (19)

126-135

PL

Osady neogeńskie w odkrywkach KWB Konin S.A. są silnie zdeformowane glacitektonicznie. Analizie strukturalnej poddano fałdy i nsunięcia wykształcone w skali makro, których rozmiary dochodzą do kilkuset metrów, a wysokość do kilkudziesięciu metrów. Orientacja tych deformacji wskazuje, że powstały one w czasie kilku zlodowaceń, transgredujących z północy, a wyjątkowo z północnego zachodu.

EN

Neogene deposits in the Konin lignite open-casts are strongly deformed due to glaciotectonic processes. Some folds and thrusts were subjected to the structural analysis. Their sizes are reaching up to a few hundred meters and height up to several dozen meters. Orientation of these deformations shows that they came into existence during a few glaciations coming from the north, exceptionally from the north-west.

5

Tektoniczne struktury deformacyjne w iłach krakowieckich sarmatu w Wylewie k. Sieniawy (zapadlisko przedkarpackie): świadectwo młodej przesuwczej aktywności podłoża miocenu

Nescieruk P., Wójcik A., Malata A., Aleksandrowski P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 8

690-698

EN

Tectonic deformation structures (folds, strike-slip, reverse and normal faults as well as joints) are reported here from the topmost part of the youngest, clayey sediments of the Carpathian foreland basin (Krakowiec clays, Sarmatian, Miocene), in a clay pit located at a village ofWylewa near Sieniawa. Our structural study has revealed several joint sets, accompanying products of intense folding and faulting, and defining a structural pattern that can be easily interpreted in terms of structures formed in a transpressive regime above strike-slip faults in the basement. The origin of these structures is ascribed to tectonic activity of the NW-SE-trending Ryszkowa Wola horst known to occur directly beneath the Wylewa clay pit, at a depth of c. 500 to 1300 m and to involve the basement and the lower part of theMiocene succession. The structural pattern in question most likely reflects a sinistral strike-slip displacement on sub-vertical boundary faults of the lowermost part of the horst. Undisputable effects of this strike-slip motion have been recently documented by other authors using 3D seismic data. The deformation structures at Wylewa must have resulted from a young, late to post-Sarmatian tectonic activity in the basement of the Carpathian foreland basin, probably reflecting an E-W to ENE-WSW directed regional shortening episode.

6

DEM-based structural mapping : examples from the Holy Cross Mountains and the Outer Carpathians, Poland

Konon A., Śmigielski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2006

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Vol. 56, no. 1

1-16

EN

The study of the Earth's surface using DEM-generated products combined with geological maps or satellite and aerial photographs provides information that is very useful for structural analysis. Applications of shaded-relief images, slope, openness, and aspect maps, 3D terrain views, profiling, contouring and semiautomatic intersections to selected parts of the Holy Cross Mountains and the Bieszczady Mountains are shown. The analysis led to the discovery of transverse faults in both fold and thrust belts, determination of the components of movement along these faults and the courses of the Lysogory fault zone and the Dukla thrust fault. The application of these methods also enabled the display of changes in shape profiles of map-scale folds such as the Niewachlów anticline and the Baligród syncline.

7

Możliwość zastosowania analizy fałdów niecylindrycznych w rekonstrukcji paleonaprężeń

Szczęsny R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 11

1060--1066

EN

Reconstruction of the axes of first order folds was performed to establish the directions of s1 stress in the Polish part of the Outer Carpathians. Results of two independent reconstructions were compared. In the first one, only cylindrical parts of folds were analyzed, whereas in the second interpretation, the database was supplemented by selected noncylindrical parts of folds. In regional pattern of s1 stress axes, determined using each method, no significant differences are visible. It seems that the orientation of fold axes reconstructed from noncylindrical parts of folds, under certain conditions, could be used as additional data in such reconstructions.

8

Stress directions in the eastern part of the Silesian Nappe (Polish Outer Carpathians) reconstructed from the second-order folds

Szczęsny R.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2003

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Vol. 73, No 2

91-101

EN

A study of the second-order folds in the eastern part of the Silesian Nappe allows one to distinguish two groups of structures: longitudinal ones and those orientated obliquely to the strike of the first-order fold axes. Analysis of orientation of the second-order fold axes has made it possible to reconstruct the orientation of s1 stress axes and compression trajectories for each group of folds individually. The results of such a reconstruction imply that the two groups of folds must have been developing independently one from another. Longitudinal folds were formed together with the first-order folds, under the influence of clockwise rotating compression caused by the Early Miocene plate collision, whereas development of the oblique folds was influenced by counterclockwise rotating compression, what seems to be connected with the final push of the Carpathians in Sarmatian times.