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2 2007

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Investigation of field temperature in moulds of foamed plaster

Pawlak M., Niedźwiedzki Z.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

2007

Vol. 7, iss. 4

141-146

Plaster moulds used in precision foundry are characterized by a very low permeability which, in the case of classic plaster moulds, equals to about 0,01- 0,02 m2/(MPaxEs). One of the most effective methods for increasing the permeability is a foaming treatment. Another characteristic feature of plaster is its very good insulating power which has influence on the process of solidification and cooling of a cast and also on a knock-out property. This insulating power is a function of thermophysical properties of plaster which, in turn, depend mainly on the mineralogical composition of the mould material, its bulk density as well as on the temperature of the pouring alloy. In the case of a foamed plaster mould an increase of the degree of foaming increases its porosity which causes a change in its thermophysical properties, thereby increasing susceptibility of the mass to overheating. The susceptibility of the plaster layer surrounding the cast to overheating is favorable because it makes it easier to knock-out of the cast by immersing the hot mould in cold water. Thermal and phase tensions that are created during this process cause fast destruction of plaster. This paper describes our investigations aimed at the determination of the dependence of the mould temperature field on the time of the cast stay in the mould, as recorded in a process of an unsteady heat flow. The determined data were planned to be used for estimation of the technological properties of the plaster mould. The tests were carried out using the plaster [alpha]-Supraduro and Alkanol XC (foaming agent). The test mould had a diameter of [...] 120 mm with centrally situated mould cavity of [...] 30 mm. Plaster moulds with a degree of foaming 20; 32,5 and 45% and comparatively from non-foaming plaster were tested and their temperatures were measured at the distance x=2; 9; 21; 25; 27; 30 mm from the mould cavity within 25 min. Analysis of the results leads to the conclusion, that the highest effectiveness of heating and overheating of a mould made of a foamed plaster occurs at the degree of the plaster foaming equal to S_S=45%. The results obtained can provide the basis for the elaboration of the best plaster mould properties, and thus to increase the technology effectiveness.

Influence of conditions of preparing the foamed plaster on its degree of foaming

Pawlak M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

2007

Vol. 7, iss. 3

105-110

Foamed plaster moulds are used in precision casting process of non-ferrous alloys. Casting from those moulds are characterizedby high dimensional accuracy, very good shape pattering and small surface roughness. However, a drawback of the plaster mould is very low permeability. A substational improvement of this parametr may be achived through physical or phisico-chemical treatment of the plaster slurry or prepared mould. The most advantageous results can be obtained by foaming the slurry. The investigatious comprised evaluation of the influence of mixing parametrs (mixer type, rotation and mixing time, settings the mixer in mixing device) and the content of a foaming agent on the degree of foaming of the plaster. The tests were carried out using the [alpha]-plaster Hartform-H1 and Alkanol XC as a foaming agent. The structure of a slurry produced after foaming is non-homogeous. Therefore, the investigations were completed by making appropriate of this process. Analysis of the results leads to the conclusion, that the foamed plaster Hartform-H1 reaches the top degree of foaming at the following parameters: the water/plaster ratio W/G=0.55, the content of Alkanol XC a=0.07%, stirring with a perforate disc mixer at the rotation speed nm=4000 rpm during ôm=30 s. In turn the top homogeneity of the foamed plaster slurry can be achieved at the rotation speed nu=1400 rpm during ôu=30 s., while other parameters are the same as in the foaming process. The obtained results can provide the basis for the elaboration of the industry procedures useful in the production of the plaster moulds for precision casting.