Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Zarys przyrodniczych i antropogenicznych uwarunkowań rozwoju systemów dolinnych i korytowych w Polsce

Andrzejewski Leon, Krzemień Kazimierz, Zwoliński Zbigniew

Landform Analysis

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2018

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Vol. 37

17--51

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę przeglądu stanu aktualnej wiedzy i dyskusji dotyczącej ewolucji i typologii systemów dolinnych i korytowych na obszarze Polski. Współczesne krajobrazy systemów dolinnych oraz systemy korytowe odzwierciedlają nakładanie się wielorakich czynników zarówno naturalnych jak i antropogenicznych. Wśród nich decydujące znaczenie mają zmiany klimatyczne oraz regionalne uwarunkowania morfotektoniczne i morfogenetyczne. W ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat krajobrazy te uległy dużym przeobrażeniom m.in. na skutek zmian klimatu i w konsekwencji zmieniających się uwarunkowań hydrologicznych, użytkowania ziemi, jak również na skutek narastającej ingerencji człowieka w systemy korytowe i dolinne. W efekcie podejmowanie są próby klasyfikacji zróżnicowanych typów i podtypów ewolucyjnych dolin rzecznych oraz odmiennych typów współczesnych układów koryt rzecznych i teras zalewowych, które odzwierciedlają złożone i często nakładające się uwarunkowania przyrodnicze i antropogeniczne.

EN

The paper is an attempt to review the state of current knowledge and discussion on the evolution and typology of valley and river channel systems in Poland. Contemporary landscapes of valley systems and river channel systems reflect the overlap of multiple natural and anthropogenic factors. Among them, climate changes and regional morphotectonic and morphogenetic determinants are of crucial importance. Over the last decades, these landscapes have undergone substantial transformations, among others as a result of climate change and as a consequence of changing hydrological conditions, land use, as well as a result of increasing human interference in river channel and valley systems. It thus follows from the circumstances that attempts are made to classify different evolutionary types and subtypes of river valleys and different types of contemporary river channel patterns and floodplains that reflect complex and often overlapping natural and anthropogenic conditions.

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A hitherto unknown river type from the Archaean at Bhurkuli (Jharkhand, E India)

van Loon A. J., De S.

Geologos

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2017

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Vol. 23, No. 2

109--122

EN

The Archaean granitoid pluton of the Singhbhum craton in E India is overlain by Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic metasediments. These sediments are still poorly known and their stratigraphy is under debate. Several scattered, most probably Meso- to Neoarchaean, conglomerates are present in the state of Jharkhand that differ so much in characteristics that they are probably not related to each other. The sedimentology of a series of conglomerate patches and layers near Bhurkuli has been investigated, including the characteristics of the clasts. It is deduced on the basis of these characteristics and the sedimentological context that the Bhurkuli conglomerates represent the channel facies of a river system that differed from the types of fluvial systems that exist nowadays.

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Tectonic geomorphology of the Sudetes (Central Europe) – a review and re-appraisal

Różycka M., Migoń P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2017

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Vol. 87, No. 4

275--300

EN

The Sudetes are a mountain range in Central Europe, which owes its emergence to the Cenozoic rejuvenation of an old Variscan orogen, subject to stresses from the Alps and the Carpathians. The gross morphological features of the Sudetes are typically explained as reflecting the superposition of the effects of long-term, rock-controlled denudation and Late Cenozoic differential uplift and subsidence. In this paper, early conceptual models, developed in the 1950s and 1960s and emphasizing alternating uplift and planation phases, are presented first. A review of more recent work focused on tectonic landforms and geomorphic indicators of tectonic movements follows, with special attention to fault-generated escarpments, valley morphology, stream longitudinal profiles, terraces and fans, drainage basin characteristics and regional geomorphometric studies. Attempts to provide a timeframe of tectonic relief differentiation are also summarized. In the closing part of the paper, the existing approaches and findings are re-evaluated in order to identify challenges and perspectives for future work. The availability of high-resolution digital terrain models creates a unique opportunity to quantify relief features and detect even the subtle topographic signatures of recent tectonics. A need to reconcile the results of geomorphological analysis with those emerging from other studies focused on faults is highlighted.

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Climatic fluctuations reflected in slope and fluvial systems of Polish Carpathians and their foreland during Upper Quaternary

Starkel L.

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

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2015

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Vol. 49

55--69

EN

On continents, besides lake and bogs, we observe non-continuous sedimentation where particular layers or whole members represent time intervals of various lengths separated by breaks of different origin. Both, fluvial and slope sediments or forms carry climatic signal. By analyzing sources of sediments, factors of transfer, duration of deposition we reconstruct climatic changes (mainly temperature, precipitations and circulation of water). We order the collected records after age and tracing longitudinal profiles of slopes and river valleys. The slopes and valley floors inform us about spatial differentiation of extreme climatic-hydrological events and on their reflection in degradation or aggradation. All this information sums up the records collected in various projects or commissions like IGCP-158 and GLOCOPH (Starkel ed. 1982–1996; Starkel et al. 2007), Climatostratigraphy of the Holocene of Polish territory (Starkel et al. 2013) as well INTIMATE (Starkel et al. 2015; Gębica et al. 2015). It may be concluded that fluctuations in temperature combined with expansion of permafrost were the leading factors in transformation of landscape of analyzed area of Southern Poland during last cold stage, which is in contrary to the Holocene, when variations in humidity especially in frequency of extreme events played a leading role. The continental records very well express the role of transitional phases.

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Wpływ warunków klimatycznych na system fluwialny i melioracje wodne w pradolinach w rejonie Łowicza i Koźmina (Polska Środkowa)

Kobojek E.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2015

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Vol. 24, No. 4

381--390

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wpływ warunków klimatycznych na system fluwialny i meliorację w ostatnich 200 latach. Badania przeprowadzono w pradolinach w środkowej Polsce. Doliny te są bardzo ważnymi elementami nizinnego krajobrazu. Na przełomie wieków XVIII i XIX dna pradolin były zabagnione i kształtowane przez rzeki wielokorytowe. System rzeczny był związany z okresem większych opadów małej epoki lodowej. Takie warunki środowiskowe były bardzo uciążliwe dla gospodarki, dlatego podjęto decyzje o regulacji rzek i melioracji w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku. Prace melioracyjne przeprowadzono jeszcze w dwóch etapach w XX wieku (1928–1932 i 1961–1974). Prace wykonano w wilgotniejszych okresach i po dużych powodziach.

EN

This article presents the influence of climatic conditions on the fluvial system and reclamation in the last 200 years. The research has been conducted in proglacial valleys in Middle Poland. These valleys are extremely important element of the lowland landscape. Between the 18th and 19th century valley floors were paludified and formed by multichannel river system. That river system was connected with periods of higher rain-fall, related to the Little Ice Age. Such natural conditions were troublesome for the economy which is why it was undertaken to regulate the river and reclamation in the first half of the 19 th century. The reclamation was conducted in two stages of the 20th century (1928–1932 and 1961–1974). The operation was realized in wet periods and after major floods.

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The valley-fill deposits of the Kłodnica River (Southern Poland) : environmental drivers of facies changes from the Late Vistulian through the Holocene

Wójcicki K. J.

Geochronometria

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2010

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Vol. 35

49-66

EN

Lithological analyses and radiocarbon dating were used to elucidate the patterns and controls of Late Quaternary valley floor development of the Kłodnica River, the Upper Odra Basin. The research results were discussed with data obtained from valleys of rivers draining piedmont basins and highlands of southern Poland. In consequence, five stages of morpho-sedimentary evolution of the Kłodnica valley were distinguished. In the Late Vistulian a large-scale deposition of channel alluvium took place in the conditions of high river discharges. This sedimentary style probably still existed in the Early Pre-Boreal as long as open grass communities survived in the Kłodnica catchment. The next phase, in the Late Pre-Boreal and Boreal, is characterized by a significant increase in accumulation rate of biochemical facies.. The considerable restriction of minerogenic deposition was connected with widespread of forest and gradual limitation of the river discharges. The third stage began at the decline of the Boreal and was defined by decrease of accumulation rate or even biogenic accumulation break. Synchronously, periodic increases of fluvial activity were noticed in the form of cutoffs of meander loops and overbank deposition in oxbows. The beginning of the fourth period took place not earlier than in the Early Sub-Boreal. This stage was distinguished by renewed peat growth/increase in biochemical accumulation rate and periodic increase in alluviation, generally taking place in the conditions of low channel-forming flows. The latest phase (from the Middle Sub- Atlantic till now) is characterized by common initiation of slope deposition and a rapid increase in fluvial sedimentation, especially overbank and tributary fan facies. An increase in minerogenic deposition occurred in response to human impact, which became more significant from the Roman Period and occurred on a large scale from the early Middle Ages. Older settlement phases, including intense settlement from the Hallstatt Period, were not clearly recorded in the Kłodnica valley fill.

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Eksperymentalne modelowanie depozycji bursztynu w strefie przybrzeżnej basenu sedymentacyjnego

Czuryłowicz K., Sałaciński R.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2010

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nr 439 (2)

391--397

PL

W artykule zawarto wyniki obserwacji oraz wnioski odnoszące się do eksperymentalnego modelu depozycji bursztynu w strefie brzegowej basenu sedymentacyjnego. Dotyczą one zachowania się bursztynu w środowisku wód płynących, stożka napływowego oraz określono wpływ falowania na procesy redepozycji bursztynu z uformowanych osadów deltowych. Autorzy dokonali próby odniesienia obserwacji z przeprowadzonego eksperymentu do rzeczywistych uwarunkowań geologicznych występowania bursztynu, wskazując, że wyniki badań mogą być wykorzystywane w pracach kartograficzno-poszukiwawczych.

EN

This paper presents observations and conclusions which apply to an experimental model of amber sedimentation in the costal zone of sedimentary basin. Observations of amber behavior in fluvial and deltaic systems are shown. Influence of waving on processes of amber redeposition from deltaic sediments are described. The authors attempted to link the observations from the modelling to real geological conditions of the occurrence of amber-bearing deposits and pointed at implicational nature of the presented examinations on the needs of cartographic and prospecting researches.

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Clusterings of extreme rainfalls and evolution of fluvial systems in the Holocene

Starkel L.

Studia Quaternaria

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2006

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Vol. 23

23-28

EN

The term extreme rainfall refers to an event during which the thresholds of various hydrological and geomorphic processes are exceeded. The frequency of extremes varies in different climatic zones and in time. The clustering of extreme events happens when the extremes are repeated every 2-3 years, every year or even several times in one year. Such clusterings disturb the equilibrium of slope and river channel systems and are separated by periods of stability and recovery. The occurences of clusters are exemplified by present - day processes, historical records and geological records. On this base a model of phases with frequent and rare clusterings during the Holocene was constructed.

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Badania transferu zwietrzelin w beskidzkim systemie fluwialnym

Froehilich W.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 2

23--30

EN

There is an increasing requirement for information on the sediment transfer within the fluvial systems of catchment basins of different scales. Little is currently known about the residence times of sediment particles moving through the fluvial system. Such infonnation, for example, may be needed to provide a basis for establishing sediment control strategies, to afford an improved understanding of sedimentassociated transport of contaminants, or to provide a more meaningful assessment silting rates of reservoirs and denudation within a drainage basin. It is difficult to make direct comparisons between estimates of the intensity of erosion processes on the slopes and the sedim ent yields of Carpathian rivers, because of the wide range of techniques of unknown accuracy and precision which have been used and the different periods of record involved. This contribution presents the assessment of the potential for using fallout radionuclides measurements, as an alternative and complement to classical monitoring techniques. The work reported was undertaken in the small (19.6 km2) Hom rka instrumented catchment and the larger (4692 km2) basin of the Dunajec River above Rożnowski reservoir where classical monitoring techniques have also been applied over the past 30 years. Longterm continuous monitoring of soil erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation play an important role for understanding manim pact on intensity and tendency of mountain geosystem evolution. Information concerning them obilization of sediment and its transfer through the fluvial system over timescales of several decades and over a range of spatial scales is difficult to obtain using conventional monitoring techniques. The use of the fallout radionuclides 210Pb, 241Am , 226Ra, 134Cs i 137Cs and magnetic measurements offers considerable potential for elucidating spatial patterns of erosion, sediment delivery dynamics, silting of reservoirs and overbank sedimentation. This contribution presents a general model of the mobilization of sediment and its transfer through the fluvial system in the Polish Flysch Carpathians.