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1 2025

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Fluvial and flood regime characteristics of the Kaveri River: Southern India

Pagare Smita Ramesh, Hire Pramodkumar Shivajirao, Patil Archana Dilip

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

2025

Vol. 13, Iss. 2

1--22

The channel form and processes of erosion and transportation in a river are intimately tied to the fluvial and flood regimes which, in turn, are controlled by the regional hydro-climatic conditions. The Kaveri River serves as a lifeline for the vast population. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the fluvial and flood regime characteristics of the river. Daily, monthly mean discharge data and the annual maximum series (AMS) data were obtained from the Central Water Commission. The analyses of data indicate that the monsoon regime plays a role of considerable importance in determining the river regime conditions. Like the parent stream, the mean annual hydrographs of the tributaries are characterized by one pronounced peak. Although the Kaveri River is perennial, more than 60 to 95% of the flows are recorded in the monsoon months. This is, therefore, the period of geomorphic effectiveness. The time series plots of AMS data reflect substantial maximum interannual variability. The unit discharge of t he Kaveri Basin is 0.18 m³ s-¹ km-², which is lower than other Indian rivers. The values of the coefficient of variation of AMS data range from 0.36 to 1.89, indicating low to high variability. All values of the coefficient of skewness (Cs) are positive and vary between 0.55 and 3.39. The positive values of Cs indicate a few very high-magnitude floods during the gauged period. The envelop curve of the Kaveri Basin falls much below the world envelop curve, revealing that the basin is not capable of producing very large magnitude floods for a given catchment area. The study of hydrographs indicates that large flows occur for 7 to 15 days. Thus, the investigation indicates that the fluvial and flood regime characteristics of the Kaveri River and its tributaries are controlled by monsoonal rainfall pattern and by the release of water from the reservoirs.