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Malacological indicators of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes of the Podhale Basin during the last 2000 years. Studies in the Rogoźnik Stream valley (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)

Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł, Skoczylas-Śniaz Sylwia, Laskowska Paulina

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 3

261--280

EN

The lithological and malacological studies covered sediments forming the low terrace of the Rogoźnik Stream in the northwest part of the Podhale Basin. This terrace is characterised by a uniform structure within a significant part of the valley. Three layers of gravel and four layers of sandy and silty muds were found there. A rich and diversified malacofauna was discovered in fine-grained sediments. Its analysis allowed us to characterise environmental conditions during sediment deposition. The age of the individual components of the sedimentary sequence was determined by radiocarbon dating. A distinct change was found in the upper intervals of the sequence, corresponding to the warm phase of the Medieval Climate Optimum. This period is associated with the robust development of agriculture, and processes related to human activities became the main factor shaping the environment, influencing the course of geological processes, and changing the taxonomical and ecological structure of the fauna and flora assemblages found in this area.

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Subsurface imaging of fluvial deposits of the Wisła River valley in Kraków (southern Poland) by 2D ERT survey

Bania Grzegorz, Woźniak Tomasz

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 3

art. no. 23

EN

We describe the application of 2D ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) surveys to investigate the spatial complexity of fluvial deposits of the Wisła River valley in the eastern part of Kraków (southern Poland). All ERT survey lines were completed within the industrially influenced floodplain of the Wisła River at two research sites. Due to the transformation of the natural state of the environment through many years of industrial activity of the ArcelorMittal Kraków plant, some of the geomorphological elements analysed have been irretrievably transformed and hidden by anthropogenic accumulations such as waste landfills and engineering structures. Hence, many years of soil contamination have changed the primary resistivity characteristics of the subsurface. For this purpose, the measurement array applied combines standard arrays, i.e., Wenner-Schlumberger and Dipole-Dipole, which gave improved results (higher resolution) in comparison to the standard single array. The data interpretation method was supported by the calculation and visualization of the vertical and horizontal gradients of the interpreted resistivity within the resistivity sections. This approach allowed accurate determination of resistivity boundaries on the ERT resistivity sections and thus helped lithological interpretation of the fluvial deposits in the research area. The resistivity of water in a channel located within one of the analysed areas has impacted some of the research results. Furthermore, 2D ERT forward modeling was implemented to generate synthetic datasets. The synthetic data allowed investigation of the influence of groundwater contamination on the resistivity distribution within superficial layers, and also tested the ability of the 2D ERT model to recognize the detailed spatial distribution of palaeomeander (meander scar) infills. All methods have provided new information on the industrially influenced floodplain of the Wisła River in Kraków.

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Fluvial response to environmental conditions during MIS 4-3 : a sedimentary record at the Brześnica site, central-western Poland

Moskalewicz Damian, Tylmann Karol, Woźniak Piotr Paweł, Kopyść Natalia, Moska Piotr

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 4

915--930

EN

Fluvial deposits subjected to this study are exposed at the Brześnica site, in the south-western part of the Wielkopolska region in Poland, which was close to the ice-sheet limit during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sedimentological analyses, including lithofacies descriptions, palaeocurrent measurements, grain size and rounding analyses and heavy mineral compositions indicate that the fluvial deposits at Brześnica were deposited in braided river environment. The following fluvial sedimentary processes were inferred: (1) shallow, rapid flow alternating with waning flow, (2) infilling of erosional channels with fluvial sediments during flood events, (3) changes from supercritical to subcritical flows, and (4) shallow sheet floods. The results of OSL dating indicated sediment deposition ~65.2 ±1.5 ka, i.e. in MIS 4, that was here characterized by cold environmental conditions and a general shift from meandering to braided fluvial sedimentation style. This finding contrasts with accumulation/erosion phases interpreted previously in this region for that time interval; however, it is consistent with recent studies of fluvial systems functioning during MIS 5-2 and of factors responsible for sedimentation style.

4

Prospects and limitations of heavy mineral analyses to discriminate preglacial/glacial transitions in Pleistocene sedimentary successions

Zieliński T.

Geologos

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2018

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Vol. 24, No. 2

151--162

EN

The present study revolves around the identification of the stratigraphical boundary between Pleistocene formations that formed prior to the first advance of the Scandinavian ice sheet (Early Pleistocene, i.e., the so-called preglacial) and the overlying, glacially derived deposits (Middle Pleistocene). In particular, it focuses on variation in heavy mineral assemblages, which are an important tool for stratigraphers. The Neogene basement, described here, was most often the source of material that was redeposited by Early Pleistocene rivers. The geological structure and Early Pleistocene palaeogeographical scenarios for various Polish regions are discussed. Moreover, comparisons with other European preglacial formations are carried out. The mineral spectrum of Lower Pleistocene deposits is largely dependent of rocks of the Neogene and Mesozoic basement. If the incision of ancient catchments was into terrigenous rocks, the stratigraphical boundary between preglacial and glacial formations is easily determined with the help of a heavy mineral analysis. As a rule, this coincides with a noticeable change from resistant to non-resistant mineral associations. Such cases are noted for successions in central Poland and eastern England. On the other hand, outcrops of igneous or metamorphic rocks exist within preglacial river catchments in most parts of Europe. They were the local sources of non-resistant heavy minerals long before their glacial supply from the Baltic Shield. In these cases, mineralogical analysis fails in the search for the Early/Middle Pleistocene transition.

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A Miocene anastomosing river system in the area of Konin Lignite Mine, central Poland

Widera M., Kowalska E., Fortuna M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2017

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Vol. 87, No. 2

157--168

EN

This sedimentological study of the Wielkopolska Member of the Miocene Poznań Formation in the Jóźwin IIB opencast lignite-mining field, central Poland, reveals a late mid-Miocene anastomosing fluvial system with ribbon-shaped channels filled mainly by sandy and muddy deposits. The fluvial system, extending across the eastern flank of the post-Mesozoic Kleczew Graben, was tributive in its eastern upper reaches, but was increasingly distributive and northwards deflected in its lower reaches near the graben axis. Lithofacies analysis of a representative palaeochannel indicates that the river discharge significantly fluctuated and that the channels were filled with mud-bearing stratified fine-grained sand by low-density tractional turbulent flow during the high and low water stages and with a massive mud or sandy mud by a high-density flow during the rising and falling stages. The spatial pattern of fluvial channels and deformation channel-fill sandbodies were controlled by the graben topography and the differential compaction of peat substrate, with possible influence of bedrock faults. The fluvial system is thought to have drained to an endorheic ‘terminal’ basin to the north, rather than into the hypothetical Baltic River and further westwards to the distant North Sea basin, as postulated by some previous authors. The present case study contributes to the known spectrum of anastomosing river systems as a sand- to mud-dominated end-member.

6

A new Triassic-Jurassic section in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mts. (Poland) implications for palaeogeography

Kozłowska M., Barski M., Mieszkowski R., Antoszewska A.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 2

365--484

EN

Sedimentological, stratigraphical and geophysical studies across a new Triassic-Jurassic transition section in the Holy Cross Mts., Poland have revealed a large sedimentary hiatus embracing the entire latest Triassic–Early Jurassic – earliest Middle Jurassic time interval and yielded new data on the Triassic fluvial system and on Middle Jurassic shallow marine sedimentation. The presence of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts allowed a precise age assignment of the black clay facies. Regional discussions and comparisons may be made with other areas with a similar depositional environment in Poland. For the first time a counterpart of the “Kościeliskie Beds” lithostratigraphic unit is proposed to exist in the Holy Cross Mts. area.

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Luminescence Dating of Fluvial Deposits from the Weser Valley, Germany

Roskosch J., Tsukamoto S., Frechen M.

Geochronometria

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2015

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Vol. 42, no.1

126--138

EN

Luminescence dating was applied on coarse-grained monomineralic potassium-rich feldspar and polymineralic fine-grained minerals of five samples derived from fluvial deposits of the River Weser in northwestern Germany. We used a pulsed infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) single aliquot regenerative (SAR) dose protocol with an IR stimulation at 50°C for 400 s (50 μs on-time and 200 μs off-time). In order to obtain a stable luminescence signal, only off-time IRSL signal was recorded. Performance tests gave solid results. Anomalous fading was intended to be reduced by using the pulsed IRSL signal measured at 50°C (IR50), but fading correction was in most cases necessary due to moderate fading rates. Fading uncorrected and corrected pulsed IR50 ages revealed two major fluvial aggradation phases during the Late Pleistocene, namely during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5d (100 ± 5 ka) and from late MIS 5b to MIS 4 (77 ± 6 ka to 68 ± 5 ka). The obtained luminescence ages are consistent with previous 230Th/U dating results from underlying interglacial deposits of the same pit, which are correlated with MIS 7c to early MIS 6.

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Heavy-mineral assemblages from fluvial Pleniglacial deposits of the Piotrków Plateau and the Holy Cross Mountains - a comparative study

Wachecka-Kotkowska Lucyna, Ludwikowska-Kędzia Małgorzata

Geologos

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 1-2

131--146

EN

The heavy-mineral assemblages of Pleniglacial fluvial sediments were analysed for two river valleys, viz. the Luciąża River (at Kłudzice Nowe) and the Belnianka River (at Słopiec). These sites, on the Piotrków Plateau and in the Holy Cross Mountains respectively, are located in different morphogenetic zones of Poland that were affected to different degrees by the Middle Polish ice sheets. The study was aimed at determining the kind of processes that modified the heavy-mineral assemblages in the two fluvial sediments, at reconstructing the conditions under which these processes took place, and in how far these processes caused changes in the assemblages. The heavy-mineral associations of the parent material was taken as a starting point; this parent material were the sediments left by the Odranian glaciation (Warta stadial = Late Saalian). It was found that heavy-mineral assemblages in the Luciąża valley deposits are varied, particularly if compared with other fluvioglacial Quaternary deposits from the Polish lowlands, with a dominance of garnet. In the fluvial deposits of the Belnianka valley, zircon, staurolite and tourmaline dominate, with minor amounts of amphibole, pyroxene, biotite and garnet. This suggests that the deposits were subject to intensive and/or persistent chemical weathering and underwent several sedimentation/erosion cycles under periglacial conditions. In both valleys chemical weathering and aeolian processes were the main factors that modified the assemblages of the transparent heavy minerals; these processes were largely controlled by the climatic changes during the Pleistocene.

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Paleośrodowisko sedymentacji osadów międzymorenowych z profili Sucha Wieś (Pojezierze Ełckie) i Czarnucha (Równina Augustowska), północno-wschodnia Polska

Lisicki S.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2009

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nr 435

47--56

PL

Praca została wykonana na podstawie badań chemicznych i badań litologicznych osadów z profili Sucha Wieś i Czarnucha. Oba profile są bardzo zbliżone do siebie pod względem litologii i zmian środowiska depozycji osadów. Cykl zmian sedymentacji jest zapisany od osadów klimatu borealnego do osadów jeziornych klimatu ciepłego oraz ponownie do osadów rzecznych i jeziornych klimatu borealnego.

EN

The work deals with chemical analyses and lithological studies of deposits from the Sucha Wieś and Czarnucha sections. Both these sections show much similarity in terms of lithologies and changes in sedimentary environments. The sedimentary record reveals a cycle of changes from a boreal climate to a temperate climate represented by lacustrine sediments and again towards a boreal climate with fluvial and lacustrine deposition.

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Chronostratigraphy and changes of environment of Late Pleistocene and Holocene at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)

Sokołowski T., Stachowicz-Rybka R.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2009

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Vol. 79, No 3

315-331

EN

This paper presents the results of absolute dating and biostratigraphical analysis carried out for alluvial sediments of an abandoned Starunia ozokerite mine located in the Velyky Lukavets River valley, in which large mammal remains were discovered in the first half of the 20th century. The sediments build up three terrace levels. The highest one, up to 8 m high (terrace II), is likely to be associated with a stage of aggradation, as well as with a short episode of valley broadening, which occurred in the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial. The lower one, 4 m high (terrace I), is most likely to be linked with the Holocene, despite a considerable transformation of its top due to mining activity. The lower part of this terrace cover bears coarse-grained channel sediments dated to 120.6-58.9 ka BP (Eemian Interglacial?-Early Pleniglacial - OIS 5e, 4 and 3), and overbank (distal floodplain) mud with intercalations of biogenic deposits (peat, peat mud and biogenic mud). The overbank deposits are dated to 48.2-11.11 ka BP (Glinde Interstadial?-Younger Dryas, OIS 3-2) and are overlain by Holocene (OIS 1) mud and biogenic deposits. In boreholes drilled in the vicinity of the present-day river channel, younger sediments occur more frequently. These include sediments originating from the Late Weichselian overlain by Holocene sediments. However, sediments originating exclusively from the Holocene are infrequent. The deposition of sediments took place in specific conditions of a permanent saturation of the environment with brine, petroleum and thickened bitumen. In the longest period of deposition (48.2-1.27 ka BP), ephemeral swamps, ponds and lakes were developed in different parts of the floodplain. They were marked by the presence of: Juncus glaucus/effusus, J. articulatus, Typha sp., Batrachium sp., Potamogeton filliformis, Bidens tripartita, Ranunculus sceleratus and Phragmites communis, as well as by halophytic species, like: Zannichellia palustris, Triglochin maritimum, Schoenoplectus tabernemontani, Puccinelia distans and Eleocharis palustris. Rhythmic oscillations between cold and warm climatic conditions, typical of the Weichselian age and well identified in Western Europe, are here marked by the changes of plant communities (woody assemblages passing into steppe and tundra), but are not noticeably recorded in the sediments of the Velyky Lukavets River. This shows that the greatest part of the discussed period involved the formation of poorly differentiated silty overbank sediments with intercalations of biogenic sediments. However, the variability of sediments provides evidence for extreme events which occurred in the Holocene.

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Przydatność profilowań georadarowych w interpretacji budowy tarasów rzecznych (dolina Kamienicy, polskie Karpaty zewnętrzne)

Olszak J., Karczewski J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

330-330

EN

Studies on river terrace deposits using ground penetrating radar (GPR) were conducted on several river terraces in the Kamienica river valley, Polish Outer Carpathians. All GPR profiles were collected using RAMAC/GPR system with 50 and 200 MHz antennae. The study has been based on 10 GPR profiles from 40 m to 200 m in length from which two as the most characteristic are presented in the paper. Terrace sediments consist mainly of gravels with subordinate sand. A peat layer has been found in one profile. These deposits lie on strath terraces built up with flysch sandstones and shales. Most of the profiles show reflections suggesting that the deposits are composed of multichannel river deposits. Some features of the profiles also indicate the presence of strath terraces and a peat layer. Even though lithology and texture of the investigated sediments are not very diverse, GPR measurements are quite useful in a few aspects of terraces’ structure interpretation.