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Trait Variability in the Rare Plant Species Arum alpinum in Carpathian Beech Forest Dentario glandulosae-fagetum (Western Carpathians, Poland)

Wójcik Tomasz, Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt Kinga

Polish Journal of Ecology

2020

Vol. 68, nr 1

23--36

The investigations of trait variability in Arum alpinum were conducted in 2016-2017 in two Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum patches (Chełm Mountain Reserve, Western Carpathians). Patch I (510 m a.s.l.) was located on a sharp steep slope and dominated by plant species with oblong leaves, whereas Patch II (400 m a.s.l.) was situated at the bottom of a wide ravine densely overgrown by species forming broad leaves. The height of plants growing in vicinity of A. alpinum in both study sites was rather similar, whereas the soil reaction and humidity were much higher in Patch II. Despite the different habitat conditions, the abundance of both A. alpinum populations was similar. The length of leaf petioles, dimensions of leaf blades, as well as the number of leaves per rosette were significantly greater in Patch I. The dimensions of leaves and flowering stems of individuals growing in Patch I were greater in 2016 than in 2017. The length of infructescences and number of fruits in both populations did not show either spatial or temporal variability. Moreover, the positive correlations between length of the highest leaf petiole and the dimensions of leaf blade, as well as between the height of the flowering stems and number of fruits and length of infructescence were noticed. Our results providing interesting data about of the spatio-temporal variability in A. alpinum traits in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum patches reveal the need for this type of research in other plant communities.

The influence of standing vegetation height on the reproductive allocation In populations of Serratula tinctoria L. (Asteraceae)

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K., Bąba W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2014

Vol. 62, nr 1

89--99

The advantage of the clonal plants over the nonclonal species in colonization of all biomes and biogeographical regions primarily is due to occurrence of two modes of reproduction. The creating of vegetative propagules with high vitality and survivability, enables the spread in the newly colonized site, while seed production increases the chances for successful recruitment of seedlings, ensuring the genetic diversity of the population. The differences in allocation into vegetative reproduction and generative propagation in relation to rising height of adjacent plants was investigated in populations of Serratula tinctoria L., occurring in Molinietum caeruleae meadows localized in Southern Poland. Each locality was represented by randomly established three permanent study plots: dominated by small meadow species (LOW), prevailed by large-tussock grasses (INTER) and overgrown by shrubs and trees (HIGH). In the years 2009–2011 the number of leaf rosettes and length of the longest leaf in rosette (as a measure of allocation in vegetative propagation), as well as height of generative stems, number of capitula per stem and number of seeds per capitulum (as indicators of investment in generative reproduction) were observed. The allocation in vegetative reproduction decreased along the gradient of vegetation height. The gradually decline of number of rosettes might be caused by lack of free space suitable for establishment of new ramets, whereas the small leaf size could be due to drastically augmentation of shading. The allocation in generative reproduction increased along the gradient of vegetation height. The placement of structures necessary for generative propagation in higher layers of herbaceous canopy, as well as considerable number of capitula and seed production might increase the chances for successful recruitment of seedlings. On the basis of obtained results combining with published data it should be assumed, that the substantial allocation in vegetative reproduction and the slight investment in generative propagation seems to be sufficient for persistence of Serratula tinctoria populations in patches dominated by small meadow species, while the considerable allocation in generative reproduction could be crucial for maintenance of population viability under competitive conditions.