Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Znaki wielkich wód i ich funkcje informacyjne, edukacyjne i turystyczne na przykładzie planowanego znaku w Poznaniu

Kałuża Tomasz

Technologia Wody

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2023

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Nr 3 (81)

80-84

2

Flood vulnerability of the critical infrastructure in Poland

Morawski Antoni

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 39, No. 3

108--122

EN

The purpose of this article is to examine the significance of the flood hazard for the functioning of the critical infrastructure in Poland and to suggest adequate methods and strategies for reducing the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to flooding. The main research method used is institutional and legal analysis, which shows how critical infrastructure is protected in Poland. The context of climate change is taken into account, the consequences of which may trigger increased threat, and its significance is discussed. It is also shown that river floods of a pluvial character constitute the greatest hazard in Poland, as they pose a threat to urban areas where most critical infrastructure is located. The author lists methods which can be used to protect critical infrastructure from flooding. Examples of systems are also provided. A conclusion is formed that the approach to this problem should be comprehensive and make use of methods related to flood prevention, flood defence and flood mitigation, and above all, the relocation of elements of the critical infrastructure. It is evident that the best time to reduce the susceptibility of specific systems to floods is when they are developed or modernised by taking into account the flood risk. Lastly, the biggest problem of the critical infrastructure in Poland is highlighted, namely its identification once it is already built, which means its location had not been thought through.

3

Hydrotechniczna historia Niziny Walichnowskiej

Lidzbarski Ryszard

Forum Eksploatatora

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2022

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Nr 2 (119)

12-19

PL

Woda stanowi dobrodziejstwo, ale bywa również niszczącym żywiołem. Mieszkanie na obszarach zalewowych wymaga umiejętności zrównoważonego zarządzania drogocennym darem natury. Interesującym przykładem w tym zakresie jest Nizina Walichnowska, której mieszkańcy począwszy od Krzyżaków, poprzez następne stulecia tworzyli kolejne budowle hydrotechniczne.

4

„Cyfrowe bliźniaki” w ograniczaniu skutków powodzi

Mankowski Robert

Technologia Wody

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2020

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Nr 1 (69)

4--7

PL

Ekstremalne zjawiska pogodowe i rosnąca liczba ludności znacząco obciążają istniejącą (a często niewystarczającą) infrastrukturę odwadniającą w miastach na całym świecie, prowadząc do powodzi, które niszczą budynki i infrastrukturę, zagrażają bezpieczeństwu ludzi i osłabiają gospodarkę.

5

Extreme Hydrological Phenomena in the Esil River Basin: Genesis, General Patterns of Manifestation

Plekhanov Petr Andreevich, Medeu Nadira Nusupkyzy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

187--195

EN

The research subject involves dangerous hydrological phenomena (floods) in the Esil River Basin (Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions). The aim set by the authors was to improve the theoretical knowledge about floods and inundations, in order to contribute to solving the general problem of ensuring the safety of the territories in the Esil Water Management Basin (WMB) against harmful effects of water. In Kazakhstan, floods are caused by almost all known causes in the world: in most of the country – spring floods, the high-intensity rainfall. Additionally, there were cases when floods occurred as a result of dam failures (e.g. in the case of the Kyzylagash village in the Almaty region). Annually, the damage caused by floods throughout Kazakhstan amounts to several tens of billions of tenge. The predicted increase in air temperature and precipitation, coupled with the intensive development of farmland river valleys, will undoubtedly lead to the increase in the frequency and destructive power of floods. Therefore, developing a set of measures to prevent and protect against floods constitutes an urgent task. These measures will significantly reduce the expenses for the liquidation of the flood effects. The data on extreme hydrological phenomena (EHP) in the Esil River basin were collected and systematized. The conditions for the formation of high floods on the rivers of the researched region were studied. Various “typical” scenarios of the formation of dangerous and catastrophic floods were presented. The periods of passage of snow-melt floods (high floods) and other regularities of the intra-annual water regime in the Esil river basin were determined.

6

The role of orographic barriers in the origin of extreme rainfalls as exemplified by the front of high Eastern Himalaya and the low northern slope of Carpathians

Cebulak E., Gębica P., Limanówka D., Starkel L., Pyrc R.

Landform Analysis

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2018

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Vol. 36

9--17

EN

The paper discusses the role of orographic barriers in generating torrential precipitation in mountainous regions in different climatic zones, the Eastern Himalayas (tropical zone with well-developed monsoon activity) and the northern slope of the Carpathians (temperate zone with transitional climate). Attention has been paid to the different altitudes and courses of the orographic ridges as well as their location relative to the prevailing directions of influx of moist air masses. The cases analysed included torrential rains with monsoon circulation from the S–SW direction at the 2–3 km high edge of the Himalayas, with special consideration to the distance from the margin of the mountains and the exposure of the slopes. They generate frequent flood waves, landslides, debris flows and upbuilding of the alluvial cones in the foreland of the mountain barriers. The impact of the orographic barrier is significantly less marked in the Polish Carpathians. In the western part, the compact edge of the Western Beskids with an altitude of 0.5–1 km and the WSW–NEE course, exposed to moist air masses inflowing from the northern sector, is fragmented eastward into smaller mountain groups, which facilitates the penetration of moist masses of air with occurrence of prolonged precipitation into the mountains. At times, the storm cloud moves along the mountain edge (the margin of the Western Bieszczady Mts.). The marginal scarp of the Foothills has a northern exposure and a height of 150–200 m, and promotes frequent convective precipitation causing local flash floods in small streams. The cases of downpours and high discharges selected for the analysis were those for which there was available a dense network of measuring stations. An insufficient number of stations in constructing precipitation maps based on interpolation would lead to distorting the spatial image. If this were the case, then the role of slope exposure, which has an essential impact on the distribution of precipitation in mountainous regions, would be completely neglected.

7

Modelling rainfall runoff relations using HEC-HMS in a semi-arid region: Case study in Ain Sefra watershed, Ksour Mountains (SW Algeria)

Derdour A., Bouanani A., Babahamed K.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 36

45--55

EN

Ain Sefra is one of the Algerian cities that had been experienced several devastating floods during the past 100 years. The purpose of this study is to simulate runoff in the semi-arid region of Ain Sefra watershed through the employing of the Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). In this paper, the frequency storm is used for the meteorological model, the Soil Conservation Service – curve number (SCS-CN) is selected to calculate the loss rate and Soil Conservation Service unit hydrograph method have been applied to simulate the runoff rate. After calibration and validation, the simulated peak discharges were very close with observed values. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient was 0.95, indicates that the hydrological modeling results are satisfactory and accepted for simulation of rainfall-runoff. The peak discharges obtained for the 10, 50, 100 and 1000 year storms are respectively 425.8, 750.5, 904.3 and 1328.3 m3∙s–1.

PL

Ain Sefra jest jednym z algierskich miast, które doświadczyły kilku niszczących powodzi w ciągu minionych 100 lat. Celem badań prezentowanych w pracy było symulowanie odpływu w regionie o klimacie półsuchym w zlewni Ain Sefra z wykorzystaniem systemu modelowania hydrologicznego HEC-HMS. W pracy użyto częstotliwości opadów nawalnych do konstruowania modelu meteorologicznego, liczbę krzywych Służby Ochrony Gleb USA – ang. Soil Consevation Service (SCS-CN) wybrano do obliczenia tempa strat, a metodę jednostkowego hydrogramu Służby Ochrony Gleb USA użyto do symulowania szybkości odpływu. Po przeprowadzeniu kalibracji i walidacji modelu symulowane maksymalne odpływy były bardzo bliskie wartościom obserwowanym. Współczynnik wydajności Nasha–Sutcliffa równy 0,95 wskazuje, że wyniki modelowania hydrologicznego są zadowalające i mogą być przyjęte do symulowania relacji opad–odpływ. Uzyskane maksymalne odpływy dla 10-, 50-, 100- i 1000-letnich opadów nawalnych wynoszą odpowiednio 425,8, 750,5, 904,3 i 1328,3 m3∙s–1.

8

Strategy of protection against hazardous channel and hydrological processes in rivers of developed territories and territories with focal development

Zavadsky A. S., Surkov V. V., Golovlev P. P., Ruleva S. N., Krylenko I. V., Krylenko I. N., Goryachko M. D., Samokhin M. A.

Geography and Tourism

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2018

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Vol. 6, No. 1

33--40

EN

In 2012-2015, the Makkaveev Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes of MSU, Department of Geography, carried out a research, including analysis of hydrological and channel regimes of the Tom river in the Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass) and the Katun river up to Uimonsky (the Altai), intra-mountain drainage basins, the survey of floodplains and eroded banks, and modelling of floods occurring in floodplains. As a result, a concept has been developed to improve protection measures against hazardous hydrological and channel processes. More than 200 engineering and organisational events were suggested as part of the concept. Given the dense network of river banks and the high potential damage caused by floods in Kuzbass, the continuous protection of cities, large residential and commercial areas, as well as sections of roads and railways subject to erosion is a priority in the flood control concept. In the case of the Katun river basin, characterized by local development, low population density, and relatively small damage caused by floods, the emphasis is put on organisational measures: prevention, evacuation of people and property, insurance and compensation. Selective engineering structures should, as a matter of priority, reduce the dangerous erosion of river banks and ensure a high level of protection of the territory against floods.

9

Influence of climate change on flood magnitude and seasonality in the Arga River catchment in Spain

Garijo C., Mediero L.

Acta Geophysica

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2018

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Vol. 66, no. 4

769--790

EN

Climate change projections suggest that extremes, such as floods, will modify their behaviour in the future. Detailed catchment-scale studies are needed to implement the European Union Floods Directive and give recommendations for flood management and design of hydraulic infrastructure. In this study, a methodology to quantify changes in future flood magnitude and seasonality due to climate change at a catchment scale is proposed. Projections of 24 global climate models are used, with 10 being downscaled by the Spanish Meteorological Agency (Agencia Estatal de Meteorologı´a, AEMET) and 14 from the EURO-CORDEX project, under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5, from the Fifth Assessment Report provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Downscaled climate models provided by the AEMET were corrected in terms of bias. The HBV rainfall-runoff model was selected to simulate the catchment hydrological behaviour. Simulations were analysed through both annual maximum and peaks-over-threshold (POT) series. The results show a decrease in the magnitude of extreme floods for the climate model projections downscaled by the AEMET. However, results for the climate model projections downscaled by EURO-CORDEX show differing trends, depending on the RCP. A small decrease in the flood magnitude was noticed for the RCP 4.5, while an increase was found for the RCP 8.5. Regarding the monthly seasonality analysis performed by using the POT series, a delay in the flood timing from late-autumn to late-winter is identified supporting the findings of recent studies performed with observed data in recent decades.

10

Uwagi o stanie dna Przekopu Wisły

Rudowski S., Lisimenka A., Kałas M., Wróblewski R., Sitkiewicz P.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2017

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Nr 2

58--61

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki najnowszych badań mających na celu dokładne określenie obecnego stanu dna kanału ujściowego Wisły (Przekopu Wisły) na odcinku od portu w Świbnie do falochronów w ujściu do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Wykorzystano nowoczesne, bezinwazyjne techniki pomiarowe, m.in. z zastosowaniem echosondy wielowiązkowej i parametrycznego profilomierza osadów. Uzyskano szczegółowe dane o morfologii dna i strukturze geologicznej osadów. Wykazano, że kanał ujściowy Wisły może nie spełnić w wystarczającym stopniu warunków do swobodnego spływu wód w wypadku dużych wezbrań, a szczególnie w sytuacji intensywnego spływu lodów dryfowych.

EN

The article presents the results of the most recent research aiming at precise determination of the current state of the Vistula estuary channel (the Vistula Cutting) in the section between the harbor in Świbno and the jetties in the Gulf of Gdansk estuary. The research used state-of-the-art, non-invasive measurement techniques, including multi-beam echo sounder and parametric deposits profile gauge. It allowed gathering detailed data on the bottom morphology and geological structure of the deposits. The article proves that the Vistula estuary channel may not sufficiently meet the conditions for free water runoff in the event of large high waters, in particular in the situation of intensive drift ice.

11

Skutki ekologiczne wariantowej rewitalizacji dna doliny dolnej Wisły (MDW E40)

Babiński Z., Habel M., Szatten D.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2017

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Nr 11

355--359

PL

W artykule omówiono główne problemy z podejściem do zagospodarowania den dolin rzecznych, w tym dolnej Wisły. Wzrost dynamiki odpływu wód, warunkowanego zmianami globalnymi klimatu, a także coraz większą ingerencją człowieka (rolnictwo, urbanizacja, przemysł), skutkuje tym, że mamy do czynienia ze wzrostem ilości i wysokości wezbrań z jednoczesnym potęgowaniem się susz. Z kolei podstawową zasadą prawidłowo funkcjonującego systemu rzecznego jest to, by umożliwić swobodny odpływ nadmiaru wód, zwłaszcza podczas wezbrań. I tak korytem następuje odpływ wód najczęściej trwających, tj. od niżówek poprzez stany (pochodne przepływy) średnie do tzw. stanów pełnokorytowych, zaś wody wezbraniowe są odprowadzane, specjalnie wykształconym przez rzekę, poziomem (równina) zalewowym. Tymczasem powierzchnia międzywala jest traktowana jako korytarz ekologiczny, obszar specjalnej ochrony ptaków (OSO) – Dyrektywa Ptasia, oraz specjalne obszary ochrony siedlisk (SOO) – Dyrektywa Siedliskowa. Utrzymanie roślinności na międzywalu powoduje zagrożenie w momencie występowanie zwiększonych przepływów wody, przyczyniając się do wezbrań o charakterze powodzi. W ocenie autorów złą praktyką jest m.in. zachowanie drzewostanu i zakrzewienia na powierzchni równiny zalewowej międzywala, które dzięki „zaszłościom” historycznym i gospodarczym (nie prowadzono wyrębu i wycinki) dziś uniemożliwiają prawidłowe funkcjonowanie tej makroformy korytowej (odcinki zatorogenne, utrudniające spływ wód wezbraniowych).

EN

The article discusses main problems related to the approach to development of river valley bottoms, including that of lower Vistula. Increased water outflow dynamics, determined by the global climate change, as well as growing human influence (agriculture, urbanization, industry) lead to escalation of the number and height of floods with simultaneous accumulation of droughts. On the other hand, the basic principle of a correctly functioning river system is to enable free outflow of the excess of waters, especially during floods. The most frequent water stages, i.e. from low water, thorough average water (derived flows), to the so-called bankfull stages, flow downstream the riverbed, whereas high water stages flow into the flood plain shaped by the river. The surface of the inter-embankment zone is treated as an ecological corridor, the area of special protection of birds (SPA) – the Birds Directive, and the area of special protection of habitats (SAC) – the Habitats Directive. Conservation of vegetation in the inter-embankment zone is dangerous at the moment of increased water flows, contributing to the occurrence of high water stages with flood characteristics. The authors consider it to be a wrong practice to preserve wood stands and bushes in the inter-embankment flood plain which, due to historical and economic reasons (no felling nor logging were carried out), prevent today the correct functioning of this riverbed macro-form (sections generating jams, hindering the outflow of flood waters).

12

Spatial variations of suspended sediment grain size in small mountain catchment during summer floods

Kijowska-Strugała M.

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

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2016

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Vol. 50

53--63

EN

The grain size of material transported during flood along the longitudinal profile of the small Carpathian stream (the Bystrzanka stream) and its main tributaries was examined. The silt fraction is the dominant material transported during floods. The average content of this fraction varies from 67 to 88%. The highest standard deviation was recorded in relation to the sand fraction, what have been linked with the human impact (especially in the channel). During the rising limb phase the sand fraction showed a higher percentage content than during decreasing limb (at the same water level) and contrary in the case of the finest fraction. There were observed a statistically significant (<0.05) inverse relationship between the sand and silt fraction and the sand and clay fraction. The study showed no statistically significant impact of factors (precipitation, discharge) controlling summer floods on the size of suspended sediment.

13

Water management in the Vistula delta (Poland)

Kowalik P. J.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2016

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Vol. 4, Iss. 1

47--52

EN

This paper presents past and recent water management in the area called the Vistula Delta Fens (Żuławy Fens). This area (56 x 56 km) is located at the outlet of the Vistula River to the Baltic Sea, at the shore of the Gulf of Gdańsk. A large part of the area (30%) is located below sea level as potentially submerged depressions. A multitude of rivers, channels, ditches and pumping stations have been constructed here over several centuries. The area is characterized by highly productive alluvial soils, surface water with a high potential for fish-farming and fishery, and attractive tourist areas at the banks of the rivers and channels. Historically, floods have occurred repeatedly as a result of: (i) – breaks in the dams along big rivers, e.g. after heavy rains and high water levels (in summer); (ii) – dam breaks caused by accumulation of ice-cakes in winter or during spring times; (iii) – dam breaks after storms on the sea with increasing sea water levels at the river outlets (mainly in winter); (iv) – overflow of water into flat land after heavy rains followed by slow drainage of water from the fields, ditches, channels and pumping stations (in summer); (v) – overflow of water into depressions and swamps below sea level after interruptions of, or decreases in, the pump operations at the pumping stations. The EU directive on flood control advises that the member countries should: (i) – produce maps of the areas vulnerable to floods to facilitate communication and planning; (ii) – develop management plans for flooding events; (iii) – exchange experience and codes of good practice during flood; (iv) – facilitate a close cooperation between the scientific community and politicians in the field of flood protection; (v) – raise the level of knowledge, communication and awareness among local societies living in areas prone to flooding.

14

Przekop Wisły i jego znaczenie

Majewski W.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2016

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Nr 7

199--205

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rys historyczny powodzi w XIX wieku, proponowany projekt Przekopu, przebieg jego realizacji i konsekwencje, towarzyszące mu budowle hydrotechniczne i regulacyjne oraz konieczność dysponowania sprawną organizacją lodołamania. Przedstawiono również rozwój stożka usypowego, jaki powstał po wykonaniu Przekopu, i obecny stan końcowej części Przekopu.

EN

The article presents the historical outline of floods in the 19th century, the proposed Cross-cut project, course of its implementation and its consequences, as well as the accompanying hydro-technical and regulation facilities and the need to have an efficient ice-breaking organization. It also present the development of the talus cone created after the Cross-cut was completed and the current state of the terminal part of the Cross-cut.

15

Lokalne problemy powodzi roztopowych na przykładzie zlewni Bolszewki

Wójcik E., Szpakowski W.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2016

|

Nr 1

19--24

PL

Opracowywane w ramach wdrażania Dyrektywy Powodziowej mapy zagrożenia powodziowego nie obejmują, co wynika z przyjętej metodyki ich przygotowania, wszystkich obszarów narażonych na występowanie powodzi. W artykule omówiono jeden z takich przypadków odnoszący się do powodzi roztopowej o lokalnym zasięgu. Wykorzystując materiały archiwalne Autorzy omówili przebieg i skutki tego zjawiska, wskazując na naturalne i antropogeniczne przyczyny jego wystąpienia na przykładzie zlewni Bolszewki.

EN

The flood hazard maps, elaborated as part of implementation of the Flood Directive, do not cover all the areas exposed to the flood risk, as it results from the adopted methodology of their preparation. The article discusses one of such cases, related to a local meltwater flood. Based on archival documents, the Authors describe the course and the consequences of this phenomenon, using the example of the Bolszewki catchment basin, indicating the natural and the anthropogenic causes of its occurrence.

16

Charakterystyka występowania wezbrań i niżówek w małej zlewni i Nziny Mazowieckiej

Kaznowska E., Hejduk A., Hejduk L.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2015

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T. 15, z. 3

45--59

PL

Celem pracy jest charakterystyka występowania wezbrań i niżówek w użytkowanej rolniczo zlewni rzeki Zagożdżonki w profilu Płachty Stare i Czarna, na podstawie hydrogramu przepływów dobowych. Badana zlewnia monitorowana jest przez Katedrę Inżynierii Wodnej SGGW w zakresie wybranych wielkości hydrometeorologicznych od 1962 r. i należy do nielicznej grupy małych zlewni badawczych w Polsce, posiadających kilkudziesięcioletnie dane pomiarowe. W pracy wezbrania i niżówki zdefiniowano za pomocą przepływów granicznych, odcinających poszukiwane zjawiska na hydrogramach przepływów dobowych. Okres badawczy obejmował 50 lat (1963–2012) dla profilu Płachty Stare i 22 lata (1991–2012) dla profilu Czarna. Dla obu profili określono i porównano częstość i okres występowania zjawisk oraz ich parametry ilościowe. W badanych kilku dziesięcioleciach w zlewni rzeki Zagożdżonki przepływy wezbraniowe i niżówkowe stanowiły do 10% wszystkich zaobserwowanych dobowych przepływów. W zlewni stwierdzono dominację wezbrań w półroczu zimowym, a niżówek w półroczu letnim. Wraz z przyrostem powierzchni zlewni zauważono wzrost częstości występowania niżówek, wydłużenie czasu ich trwania i zwiększenie objętość deficytu, natomiast w przypadku wezbrań spadek ich liczby, mimo wzrostu czasu ich trwania i objętości.

EN

The aim of the study was to characterise the occurrence of floods and streamflow droughts in the catchment of the Zagożdżonka River in two gauging stations: Płachty Stare and Czarna, based on the daily flow hydrographs. The study catchment is monitored by the Department of Water Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences since 1962 and is one of the few small catchments in Poland with such a long data set. To define floods and low waters, the cut-off limit on the daily hydrographs has been used. The research covered the period of 50 years (1963–2012) for the Płachty Stare gauging station and 22 years (1991–2012) for Czarna one. The frequency of occurrence, the duration of analysed phenomena and their quantitative parameters were determined and compared for both stations. Floods and droughts in the Zagożdżonka River during analysed period of time were calculated as 10% of all observed daily flows. Floods dominate in the winter half of hydrological year, streamflow droughts occur in the first half of summer season. Along with increasing catchment area, increased frequency, duration and water deficit of droughts were noted. The frequency of flood occurrence decreased with the increasing catchment area.

17

Changes of the morphology of the Ropa river — upstream and downstream of the Klimkówka water reservoir

Wiejaczka Ł., Kiszka K., Bochenek W.

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

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2014

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Vol. 48

61--76

EN

The paper outlines changes in the channel morphology of the Ropa riverbed over the last six years, taking into account the role of large floods and the Klimkówka water reservoir in shaping the morphology of the riverbed. The analysis was based on annual geodetic measurements of the Ropa riverbed conducted between 2009–2014. The research was carried out in four cross profiles of the riverbed located upstream (1 profile) and downstream (3 profiles) of the reservoir. In order to recognise the direction and scale of morphology changes of the riverbed, additional analyses of water levels in the Ropa River was performed in the analysed multiannual period. The conducted analysis led to the conclusion that floods with extremely large discharges are the key factor causing the deepening of the riverbed downstream from the reservoir. It can be up to about 70 cm deep during a single event. The reservoir is just one additional factor of many which shape the direction and scale of changes to the riverbed. A significant role in modifying the riverbed morphology upstream from the reservoir is played by river control works, which diminish the effects of sediment accumulation occurring on this section.

18

Zastosowanie bezzałogowych statków powietrznych jako elementów mobilnego systemu monitorowania zagrożeń pożarowych

Tuśnio N., Krzysztofik I., Tuśnio J.

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2014

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Vol. 5, Nr 2 (16)

101-114

PL

W artykule opisano koncepcję mobilnego systemu do obserwacji terenu w celu wykrywania ognisk pożarów. Podstawową funkcję w tym systemie spełnia bezzałogowy statek powietrzny wyposażony w wyspecjalizowane kamery telewizyjne i termowizyjne sygnalizujące obecność obszarów o podwyższonej temperaturze, które mogą zostać zidentyfikowane jako ogniska pożaru. System posiada możliwość dwukierunkowej komunikacji drogą radiową ze stanowiskiem dowodzenia i po drobnych modyfikacjach może być wykorzystany do monitorowania zdarzeń związanych z ochroną ludzi i mienia, a także z zapewnieniem bezpieczeństwa w warunkach zagrożenia klęskami żywiołowymi i terroryzmem. Ze względu na niewielkie dopuszczalne przepisami wysokości lotu uwzględniony zostanie układ sygnalizujący zagrożenie wynikające ze zbliżania się do napowietrznych linii wysokiego napięcia, który ułatwi bezkolizyjne ich ominięcie.

EN

This paper describes the concept of mobile system for observation of land in order to detect fire outbreaks. The primary function of this system meets the unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a specialized television cameras and thermal imaging indicating the presence of areas with elevated temperatures, which may be identified as a fire. The system has the possibility of two-way radio communication with the position of command and after minor modifications, can be used to monitor events related to the protection of persons and property as well as ensuring security in conditions of vulnerability to natural disasters and terrorism. Due to the low altitude limit regulations will include a signaling system risks arising from the approximation of the overhead high voltage lines, which will help them bypass the collision.

19

Wyznaczanie odpływu ze zlewni niekontrolowanych Kanału Raduni podczas powodzi w 2001 r.

Kolerski T., Kowalik M.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2014

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nr 1

3--10

PL

Metoda SCS (ang. Soil Conservation Service) pozwalająca wyznaczyć wysokość opadu efektywnego. Metoda geomorfologicznego hydrogramu jednostkowego do wyznaczenia hydrogramu odpływu ze zlewni niekontrolowanej. Aplikacja metody do sytuacji w zlewni Kanału Raduni na przykładzie powodzi z 2001 roku. Wyniki obliczeń dla potoków zasilających Kanał Raduni, odniesienie uzyskanych przepływów do odpływu z 2001 roku.

EN

Presentation of the SCS (Soil Conservation Service) methodology for rainfall excess calculation. Determination of the instantaneous geomorphological unit hydrograph method for the surface runoff. Method applied to the 2001 flush flood in the basin of the Radunia Channel. Result discussion referred to the 2001 case.

20

Powodzie miejskie. Wody opadowe – aspekty prawne, ekonomiczne i techniczne

Suligowski Z.

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2014

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nr 1

13--19

PL

Zagadnienia powodzi na terenach miejskich. Gospodarka wodami opadowymi i powierzchniowymi na obszarach zurbanizowanych jako najważniejszy czynnik przyszłego funkcjonowania i rozwoju miast. Podstawowe problemy istniejących systemów, braki podstaw projektowych, błędy identyfikacji zagrożeń. Braki w dokumentacji zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Problemy aktywności gmin i jej finansowania.

EN

Questions of flooding in urban areas. Management of the rainwater and surface water in urban areas as the most important factor of the future cities existence and development. Basic problems of existing systems, the basics of design deficiencies, errors of identify threats. Lacks of the land development documentation. Problems municipalities activity and its financing.