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Coup de fouet effect in estimating battery state of health

Ryś Piotr Andrzej, Kaczor Krzysztof, Lipkowski Jacek, Piszcz Michał, Biczel Piotr, Siekierski Maciej

Journal of Power Technologies

2021

Vol. 101, nr 2

112--126

The coup de fouet phenomenon (crack of the whip) is a dip in the discharge voltage observable during the first minutes of the discharge period of a lead acid battery, followed by a transient recovery. This leads to the formation of an interim plateau transforming later into a typical discharge curve characteristic of a galvanic cell. The phenomenon was considered as a basis for a state-of-health (SoH) assessment, where the depth of the dip was used to measure the battery’s SoH. However, the validation process showed the two variables lacked clear correlation, mandating a revision of this approach. Therefore an attempt to correlate certain aging processes to the behavior of the cell of interest associated with the presence of the coup de fouet phenomenon was attempted for a set of diverse lead-acid battery designs. A set of estimators based on the coup de fouet was devised and their relation to the aging processes was explored and described. The research led to the conclusion that there is a direct relation between the coup de fouet and sulfation. This relation is best defined by Δ τplateau - the time taken between the voltage reaching the lowest point of the dip and then reaching the highest observable plateau voltage.

Turning operation of AISI 4340 steel in flooded, near-dry and dry conditions: a comparative study on tool-work interface temperature

Dennison Milon Selvam, Sivaram N. M., Barik Debabrata, Ponnusamy Senthil

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

2019

Vol. 23, nr 1

172--182

The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of tool-work interface temperature observed during the turning of AISI 4340 cylindrical steel components in three machining conditions, namely flooded, near-dry and dry conditions with three separate CNMG-PEF 800 diamond finish Titanium Nitride (TiN) coated carbide cutting tool. The machining parameters considered in this study are cutting velocity, feed rate and depth of cut. The experimentswere planned based on full factorial design (33) and executed in an All Geared Conventional Lathe. The toolwork interface temperature was observed using a K-type tool-work thermocouple,while the machining of steel, and subsequently, a mathematical model was developed for the tool-work interface temperature values through regression analysis. The significance of the selected machining parameters and their levels on tool-work interface temperature was found using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test. The results revealed that machining under near-dry condition exhibited lesser temperature at the tool-work interface, which is the sign of producing better quality products in equivalence with the machining under flooded condition.