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Badanie jakości obrazu wytłoczonego folią na tekturach flokowanych

Havenko S., Erdman A., Uhryn Y., Bernatsek V., Kadyliak M.

Przegląd Papierniczy

2018

R. 74, nr 6

389--394

Opisano nowoczesne technologie flokowania, charakterystyki floków, metody badania jakości obrazów na flokowanym podłożu. Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu temperatury na jakość odbitek tłoczonych folią na gorąco na papierach flokowanych. Potwierdzono, że jakość wytłaczanych obrazów zależy od wybranej temperatury tłoczenia, rodzaju folii i oryginału.

The modern flocking technologies, flock characteristics, methods of image quality investigation on flocked surfaces. The research results of the temperature influence on quality of the imprints created during the foil stamping on flocked papers are presented. It was confirmed that the quality of the embossed images depends on the chosen stamping temperature, the type of foil and the original.

Relative abundance and flock size of wintering Common Crossbills Loxia curvirostra L. in Western Carpathians : a habitat influence

Ciach M., Bylicka M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2009

Vol. 57, nr 1

181-189

A study of wintering Common Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra L.) was conducted in the winter periods 2002/2003-2006/2007 in the Western Carpathians. Birds were surveyed on transects in natural mountain European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)-Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)- Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests of the Tatra Mts, Pieniny Mts, Babia Góra Mt. and Gorce Mts (total length 41.4 km) as well as in a habitat mosaic with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Mountain pine (Pinus mugo Mill.) stands in the Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska valley (total length 31.5 km). Birds mean density underwent annual changes from 1.9 to 15.5 ind. 10 km[^-1] in the natural mountain forests and from 0.9 to 12.1 ind. 10 km[^-1] in the habitat mosaic. The median flock size in the natural mountain forests was 2, and it varied from 1 to 4 in subsequent seasons. They were smaller than flocks recorded in the habitat mosaic in the valley - median 2.5 (from 2 to 7 in subsequent seasons). The size of foraging and flying flocks did not differ significantly in natural mountain forest nor in the valley habitat mosaic. In the natural mountain forests, birds preferred habitats dominated by Norway spruce, and avoided European beech-Silver fir forests. The median flock size was 2 in habitats with Norway spruce, and 8 in stands where Norway spruce was absent. The variation in bird density presumably reflected the changes in quantity and location of food resources. Birds moved within stands with varying proportions of Norway spruce in the mountains as well as between the mountains and the valley, where habitat with mosaics of Scots pine and Mountain pine dominated.