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1
Content available remote Design and study of floating roofs for oil storage tanks
EN
Floating roofs are widely used to store petroleum products with high volatility. This is to prevent the product loss and to ensure safe environment around the storage tanks. However, small number of researches were accomplished. These researches aim at study the design of the floating roof and the associated risks that it faces during operation. In an effort to compensate the lack of knowledge for this issue and to investigate the behavior of the floating roof during operation, this paper studies the design of deck plate and roof pontoons of the floating roof with especial features. In this research and in order to study deck plate design, a comparative work was performed of the stress and deflection analyses of deck plate for the floating roofs under the load of accumulated rainfall. Five different loads were applied on the deck plate by using three different analysis methods to study the deflection and stresses. The results show that the nonlinear finite element analysis is the most accurate and applicable one to be used in the design of the floating roof deck, since it simulates the exact loading cases that happen in reality. However, using Roark’s Formulas gives higher results but it can be used as a reliable and fast method in the analysis of the deck plate. To study roof pontoons design, a buoyancy analysis of the floating roof was established with punctured pontoons. In this study, three cases were applied to analyze the buoyancy of the floating roof in each case. The obeyed methodology of this study is by calculating the center of gravity and moment of inertia of the floating roof in each case. Then, to determine the submergence height due to weight and tilt and ensure that the floating roof will keep floating under each case. The results show that the floating roof will remain floating after the puncture of two adjacent pontoons and deck plate according to the design of the physical model; but it will sink if the number of punctured pontoons is increased to three.
PL
Przedstawiono problemy związane z projektowaniem i wykonaniem sześciu zbiorników magazynowo-rozliczeniowych na surową ropę naftową, o pojemności nominalnej każdego z nich wynoszącej 62 500 m3. Omówiono przyjęte rozwiązania konstrukcyjne głównych elementów zbiorników, które zaprojektowano zgodnie z normą PN-EN 14015:2010, a także zgodnie z obowiązującymi aktami prawnymi.
EN
This article presents issues related to the design and manufacturing of six storage and metering tanks for the storage of crude oil of nominal capacity of 62 500 m3 each. The paper discusses the assumed design solutions of main elements of the tanks, which are designed in accordance with the standard PN-EN 14015:2010, as well as in accordance with the applicable legislation.
PL
Normy dotyczące projektowania stalowych zbiorników: PN-EN 14015 oraz PN-EN 1993-4-2 wymagają uwzględnienia w obliczeniach oddziaływania wynikającego z nierównomiernego osiadania. Przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z nierównomiernym osiadaniem zbiorników, mające wpływ na niezawodność ich konstrukcji.
EN
Standards for the design of steel tanks: PN-EN 14015 and Eurocode 3 (PN-EN 1993-4-2) requires taken into consideration settlement loads in the calculation. The paper presents selected issues related to uneven settlement tanks, which affect the reliability of their structure’s.
PL
Program TANKS pracujący na platformie Windows pozwala na oszacowanie emisji powstających w wyniku magazynowania lotnych cieczy organicznych, w tym paliw ropopochodnych. Obliczenia możliwe są dla zbiorników z dachem stałym lub pływającym, o różnych rozwiązaniach konstrukcyjnych. Przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania programu jako narzędzia pomocniczego przy podejmowaniu decyzji dotyczących modernizacji, bądź projektowania nowych zbiorników, przeznaczonych do magazynowania benzyny.
EN
TANKS is a Windows-based computer software program that estimates emissions formed as a result of volatile organic compounds storage, also including petroleum fuels. The estimations are possible for the tanks with fixed and floating roofs of different construction. There are presented some examples of this program application as a supplementary tool for making decisions concerning retrofitting or construction of new tanks designed for gasoline storage.
5
Content available remote Dynamika dachów pływających w zbiornikach na ciecze od wpływów sejsmicznych
EN
Seismic response of a floating roof covering a cylindrical liquid storage tank is considered. The analysed problem is a coupled problem of the fluid-structure type. A boundary integral equation is used to describe a hydrodynamic pressure of a liquid in the tank. The bottom of the tank and the floating roof surface are discretized using the triangular curvilinear 6-node boundary elements. The BEM is used to find the fluid mass matrix. The flexibility matrix of the roof is calculated using the finite element method computer program. Hydrostatic lift is modeled by analogy to forces of the Winkler foundation. The liquid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, the bottom of the tank is treated as rigid. The floating roof of a real structure consisting of a pontoon and a plate is analysed. Having found the natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes, the modal analysis of the vibrations of the roof excited horizontally by an earthquake is performed. The equation of motion is integrated using Newmark method. Numerical results of the liquid free surface waves and vibration of the floating roof in a storage tank subjected to real earthquake accelerograms are presented.
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