Protozoan communities were studied in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea. Stable environmental conditions and typical, bimodal seasonal changes in the protozoan biomass were observed at the sampling site in Sopot (2003–2004). At the sampling site in Ustka (2007–2008), strong benthic resuspension and irregular impacts of fresh water resulted in atypical seasonal changes in the protozoan biomass with a summer peak only. The mean annual biomass had similar values at both sites: 43.2 μg C dm−3 in Sopot and 38.6 μg C dm−3 in Ustka. The protozoan community in Sopot was dominated by ciliates (48% of the biomass), whereas in Ustka — by heterotrophic nanoflagellates (53%).
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The studies were carried out in six humic lakes (Polesie Region, Eastern Poland) in order to present a role of phytoplankton in relation to physical and chemical parameters characteristic of particular processes. On the basis of physical and chemical properties of waters (SD, colour, pH, EC, Ca2+, DIC, DOC), these lakes are divided into three groups: dystrophic (Lakes Orchowe and Płotycze), humoeutrophic (Lakes Brudzieniec and Pereszpa) and mesoeutrophic (Lakes Moszne and Długie). The occurrence of dystrophication, humoeutrophication or eutrophication processes is clearly reflected in the phytoplankton composition and its abundance, as well as its biomass. In both dystrophic and humoeutrophic lakes, flagellates dominated in the phytoplankton. Among them, the invasive species Gonyostomum semen was very abundant. Mesoeutrophic lakes were characterized by other phytoplankton composition, mainly by non-flagellate species (green algae).
This work presents the community composition, abundance and seasonal dominance of phytoplankton taxa in three hydrochemically different, mid-forest humic lakes. The largest number of taxa was observed in the oligohumic lake (76), with smaller numbers seen in the mesohumic (42) and polyhumic lakes (37), which were characterized by higher contents of dissolved humic substances carbon (DHSC). Along an increasing gradient of DHSC in a pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) the autotrophic algae were seen to disappear, being replaced by taxa with features of facultative heterotrophs and flagellated algae that are able to move in the water column.
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