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Urban mining: Phytoextraction of noble and rare earth elements from urban soils

Gawroński Stanisław, Łutczyk Grzegorz, Szulc Wiesław, Rutkowska Beata

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 2

24--33

EN

The increasing demand for noble metals boosts their price. In order to meet the increasing demand for elements, a number of technologies are being developed to recover elements already present in the environment. Traffic-related metal pollution is a serious worldwide concern. Roadside soils are constantly subjected to the deposition of metals released by tailpipe gases, vehicle parts, and road infrastructure components. These metals, especially platinum group elements from catalytic converters, accumulating in the soil pose a risk both for agricultural and residential areas. Phytomining is suggested as a novel technology to obtain platinum group metals from plants grown on the contaminated soil, rock, or on mine wastes. Interest in this method is growing as interest in the recovery of rare metals is also increasing. Based on the research of many authors, the sources and amounts of noble metals that accumulate in soil along communication routes have been presented. The paper presents also plants that can be used for phytomining.

PL

Aby sprostać rosnącemu zapotrzebowaniu na metale szlachetne poszukuje się technologii odzyskiwania pierwiastków już obecnych w środowisku. Gromadzące się w glebie metale, zwłaszcza pierwiastki z grupy platynowców pochodzące z katalizatorów, stanowią zagrożenie dla środowiska. Fitoekstrakcja jest technologią wykorzystywaną do pozyskiwania metali z grupy platynowców z roślin rosnących na zanieczyszczonej glebie, skale lub odpadach kopalnianych. Zainteresowanie tą metodą rośnie wraz ze wzrostem zainteresowania odzyskiem metali rzadkich. Na podstawie wyników badań różnych autorów przedstawiono ilości metali szlachetnych gromadzących się w glebie wzdłuż szlaków komunikacyjnych. W pracy przedstawiono także rośliny, które można wykorzystać do fitoekstrakcji.

2

The identification of heavy metal accumulator ferns in abandoned mines in the Philippines with applications to mine rehabilitation and metal recovery

Claveria Rene Juna R., Perez Teresita R., Navarrete Ian A., Perez Rubee Ellaine C., Lim Brian Christian C.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2020

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Vol. 19, iss. 1

46--57

EN

This paper focuses on the identification of some plant accumulators of heavy metals that can facilitate mine remediation and rehabilitation in the Philippines and metal recovery or phytomining. Most of these hyperaccumulators are ferns that thrive very well in different terrains and of particular interest are Pityrogramma calomelanos, Pteris vittata, and Pteris melanocaulon that are abundant in abandoned CueAu mining areas. The amounts of Cu and As in the soil and in the aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) components of the accumulator ferns were determined and the Bioaccumulation Factor (BF) and the Translocation Factor (TF) were derived. Efforts to propagate the accumulator ferns identified from spores were successful, thus providing the opportunity of using them for various experiments on mine rehabilitation and metal recovery. The results of these experiments indicated that these hyperaccumulator ferns have the greatest potential for the remediation of metal contaminated soils, the rehabilitation of abandoned mines, and phytomining.

3

Zdolność roślin do bioakumulacji : wykorzystanie w fitoremediacji i fitogórnictwie

Dubalska K., Bodnar M., Konieczka P., Namieśnik J.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2012

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nr 4

51--54

PL

Poznanie szczegółowych mechanizmów hiperakumulacji pozwoli na optymalizację efektywności procesów fitoremediacyjnych, a także na wyizolowanie genu odpowiadającego za kumulację dużych ilości metali ciężkich i przeniesienie go do gatunków o szybkim przyroście biomasy.

4

Nowatorskie rozwiązania w pozyskiwaniu i przeróbce metali ciężkich

Pawlik T.

Ekotechnika

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2007

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nr 3-4

53-55

5

Wykorzystanie mikroorganizmów i roślin do pozyskiwania metali

Gałuszka A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 10/1

858-862

EN

Technologies using living organisms for extracting metals from mine wastes, ore concentrates and poor quality ores have been developed since the early 1980s. Of these technologies, the most popular is biomining that uses the natural ability of microorganisms to leach metals. Microorganisms oxidize sulfur and iron in sulfide ores, thus contributing to the conversion of insoluble metal sulfides to soluble sulfates, which enables to recover pure metals from extracts. By degrading the mineral (rock) matrix, microorganisms make extraction of precious metals with traditional techniques easier and more effective. Phytominig is based on the tendency of some plant species to bioaccumulate excessive amounts of metals from their hostrock. The plants, called hyperaccumulators are grown on highly mineralized soils or post-mine lands and their yield (bio-ore) is used as a pure metal source. Compared to the biomining, this technology is not so popular primarily because of the longevity of this process and its unprofitability. This report describes bio- and phytomining technologies, the most important species and their ecological demands, as well as biochemical processes that are associated with bio- and phytomining. The advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, and their potential for future applications are summarized in the last chapter.