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A Thermal Stress Treadmill Walk for Clinic Evaluation of Candidates for Hazardous Materials (HazMat) Duty

Raymond L. W., Barringer T. A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2014

Vol. 20, No. 2

281--293

U.S. guidance for examining hazmat workers recommends stress testing be considered when heat stress is expected. However, the most common stress test—Bruce protocol treadmill electrocardiography (BPTE) wearing gym clothes—creates little thermal stress. Objective. Evaluate a novel thermal stress treadmill walk (TSTW). Methods. Body temperatures and heart rates during BPTE in 93 current and potential hazmat workers wearing gym clothes were compared with later values in 35 of these subjects while they were wearing thermally-restrictive “sauna suits” during a 45-min TSTW. Physiological strain index (PSI) was calculated from temperature and heart rate changes and compared with PSI values from hazmat simulations and climatic chamber exercises. Results. Tympanic temperature (TT) rose 0.5 °C (SD 0.5) during BPTE lasting 12.4 min (SD 2.9). PSI reached 6.0 (SD 1.3). TT rose 1.0 °C (SD 0.5) during TSTW, p < .01. PSI averaged 6.6 (SD 1.9) in 29 subjects who completed TSTW, versus 5.7 (SD 5.7) in the 6 subjects who did not. Ingested thermistor temperatures increased more than did TT during TSTW, yielding PSI of 7.0 (SD 1.5), equal to PSI values from climatic chamber exercises, i.e., 7.0 (SD 1.0). Conclusion. TSTW increased body temperature and PSI in 29 of the 35 subjects who completed it to levels matching those of operational simulations in climatic chambers and during hazmat exercises. This TSTW may be useful for evaluating candidates for hazmat duty.

Refinery Firefighters: Assessing Fitness for Duty

Fogleman M., Bhojani F. A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2005

Vol. 11, No. 2

161--170

Firefighting is a hazardous and physically demanding activity. The demanding nature of the tasks involved in firefighting requires a high level of fitness both for the safety of the firefighting personnel as well as for the adequate performance of their tasks. Here, the characteristics (body weight, lung function, etc.) of a small group of refinery firefighters were investigated using exploratory factor analysis and discriminant analysis. The results indicated that there is a group of factors that characterize those individuals meeting minimum fitness requirements as described previously in the literature. The factors that were identified included those related to anthropometry (such as body composition and weight) and those related to physical capabilities (such as push-ups). Since these data are collected relatively easily in most occupational settings, they may offer an efficient surrogate method to determine fitness for duty among firefighters.