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1

The effects of the weight of school supplies carried on the right or left shoulder on postural features in the sagittal and transverse planes in seven-year-old pupils of both genders

Mrozkowiak Mirosław, Stępień-Słodkowska Marta

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 3

33--45

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine how the weight of a school backpack with school supplies carried on the right or left shoulder influences body posture in schoolchildren. Methods: The study of body posture was carried out on a group of 65 pupils aged 7, using the mora projection method in the following eight positions: (four positions for the diagonal loading of the right shoulder and four positions for the loading of the left shoulder) 1 – the habitual posture, 2 – the posture after a 10-minute asymmetric loading, 3 – the posture one minute after removing the load and 4 – the posture two minutes after removing the load. The fitness level was measured using the Sekita test. Results: Among the boys, the load on the left or right shoulder showed a statistically significant difference in the analyzed features, apart from the angle of inclination of the lumbosacral segment for the load on the right shoulder. In the girls, significant differences were observed in all of the analyzed features. Conclusions: The mode of carriage of school items may cause significant adaptation changes in the skeletal, muscular, and nervous system. Overall fitness affects the size of postural changes. The method of carriage of school supplies with asymmetric loading of the body trunk should not be practised among 7-year-old children of both sexes. The load should be smaller to affect the posture symmetrically.

2

Outdoor fitness i jego otoczenie

Bukowska M.

Zieleń Miejska

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2017

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Nr 5

38--39

PL

Wypoczynek znaczącej części mieszkańców często ogranicza się do codziennych spacerów czy aktywności na terenach zajmowanych przez siłownie plenerowe. Harmonia z otaczającym krajobrazem i odpowiednia kompozycja zieleni towarzyszącej urządzeniom fitness powinny odgrywać ważną rolę w procesie inwestycyjnym.

3

Trójpoziomowe zabezpieczanie integralności i poufności przesyłanych danych w sieci przemysłowej

Bednarek M., Dąbrowski T.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2017

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Vol. 66, nr 1

81--90

PL

W artykule rozpatruje się rozproszony minisystem sterowania złożony ze stacji procesowych, operatorskich i inżynierskich. Stacje procesowe prowadzą sterowanie procesem. Stacje operatorskie przeznaczone są do wizualizacji procesu przebiegającego w stacjach procesowych, a także do oddziaływania operatorskiego. Z poziomu stacji inżynierskich jest realizowana konfiguracja systemu oraz dozorowanie procesu komunikacji. Pomiędzy stacjami systemu przesyłane są dane procesowe. Zdatność procesu sterowania zależy od poprawnego przesyłu danych zawierających wartości zmiennych procesowych. Za poprawność otrzymanych danych odpowiadają działania przeciwdestrukcyjne realizowane w systemie komunikacji. Od zdatności systemu komunikacji zależy zdatność całego systemu sterowania. Artykuł zawiera rozważania odnoszące się do zależności integralności i poufności.

EN

Mini-DCS containing process stations, operator stations, and engineering stations are considered in the paper. Process stations provide the control of the process. Operator stations are designed to process visualization, as well as to the operator interaction. Configuration of the system and supervision of the communication process are carried out at the engineering stations. Between the stations of the system, the process data are transmitted. The fitness of the control process depends on correct transmission of the data with process values. Anti-destructive processes are responsible for the correctness of the received data. Fitness of the communication system determines the fitness of the entire control system. The article contains considerations relating to dependency of integrity and confidentiality of the transmitted data on the level of fitness of communication system connecting the stations.

4

Comparison of ground reaction forces during the Basic Step on the Core Board platform at various levels of stability

Karczewska M., Madej A., Sadowska A., Mastalerz A., Urbanik Cz.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 4

63--70

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to examine and compare the changes of ground reaction forces observed during the Basic Step on the Core Board fitness device at various levels of stability. Material and method: The study involved 10 female students. Participants stepped on and off the Core Board 10 times at 3 levels of stability. After completing a series of steps, the Core Board’s stability was modified and the participant repeated the whole series. The measurement platform to examine three components of the reaction force (horizontal in the sagittal and frontal planes, and vertical) was used. Results: The ground reaction force (GRF) observed on the Core Board, in the vertical and horizontal components is higher at all three levels of stability than on the platform without the device. Significant differences in GRF were observed in the horizontal component in the frontal plane (Fz) at all three levels of mobility as well as in impulse, measured on platforms with the device. Conclusion: The results on the Core Board training device present highest horizontal ground reaction forces in frontal plane at the highest level of Core Board mobility and this showing little medio-lateral stability and a more reactive way of movement regulation of the participants. As a consequence of the force patterns found it may be suggested that fitness training concepts should focus more possibly higher strains on the locomotor system most likely caused by changed ground reaction force patterns, an idea that has to be further analyzed with more complex measurement approaches.

5

Place zabaw dla dorosłych

Komorowska A.

Zieleń Miejska

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2015

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Nr 7-8

29--30

PL

W średniowieczu na ulicach i placach, od święta i na co dzień, bawili się ze sobą dzieci, młodzież i dorośli. Później na setki lat zapomniano o tym. Jednak realizacje z ostatnich lat pokazują, że dorośli chcą się bawić i szukają takiej możliwości.

6

The Influence of Age on Aerobic Capacity and Health Indicators of Three Rescue Groups

Prieto J. A., Gonzalez V., Del Valle M., Nistal P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 1

19--27

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between age, aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and other health indicators among 3 rescue groups. The type of training and the subjective perception of physical fitness obtained via the Assessment Questionnaire of Physical Fitness were also analysed. To obtain VO2 max, 37 firefighters, 22 lifeguards and 59 mine rescue workers had a treadmill test. Their body mass index and body fat percentage were also calculated. The results show a significant decline in VO2 max of the older participants, which affects the effectiveness of rescue work. Furthermore, the training of all groups was inconsistent and based on individual needs. Variable training and the decline in VO2 max with age affected the effectiveness of the rescue tasks of each group.

7

Projektowanie zaplecza obsługowego transportu

Żółtowski B., Żółtowski M.

Logistyka

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2012

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nr 6

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań silników spalinowych niskoprężnych zasilanych mieszaniną benzyny Pb 95 i alkoholu etylowego w różnych proporcjach. W trakcie badań nie dokonywano żadnych zmian regulacyjnych w silniku. Zaobserwowano systematyczny spadek mocy występujący wraz ze wzrostem zawartości etanolu w paliwie. Wzrost zawartości alkoholu w mieszance systematycznie powodował obniżenie parametrów silnika. Alkohole mogą być stosowane jako alternatywne źródła energii do silników spalinowych, a ich stosowanie może okazać się ekologiczne i ekonomiczne uzasadnione.

EN

This paper presents the results of low-pressure combustion engines fueled with a mixture of gasoline and ethyl alcohol in different proportions. During the research shall not made any regulatory changes in the engine. The increase in the percentage of alcohol in the fuel resulted in a systematic decrease engine parameters. Alcohols can be used as an alternative energy source for combustion engines. The use of such fuel suggest ecological and economic aspects.

8

Mikroklimat i obciążenia cieplne w pomieszczeniach do aktywnego wypoczynku

Sompoliński M., Przydróżny E.

Chłodnictwo i Klimatyzacja

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2011

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nr 9

40-43

PL

Obiekty typu fitness powinny posiadać rozbudowane systemy wentylacyjne i klimatyzacyjne, które spełnią nie tylko wymagania zawarte w przepisach , lecz przede wszystkim zapewnią korzystny mikroklimat dla przebywających tam ludzi.

9

Zasady i komponenty treningu rekreacyjnego - regulacja intensywności rekreacyjnych ćwiczeń systemu Step Reebok

Zuzda J., Latosiewicz R.

Ekonomia i Zarządzanie

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2010

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Vol. 2, no. 2

111-126

EN

Whether exercise will have a beneficial impact on health depends on proper selection of the intensity and character of physical effort. A well-planned program will improve the functioning of some organs and systems as a result of adaptative changes in the organism. For the adaptation to occur, however, training stimuli must reach a threshold value. This means that the intensity of training should match the participants' abilities. According to the principle of progression, one should adapt the volume, the difficulty and intensity of exercises to the requirements of the participants, which will be increasing with time. The ability of drawing up a safe and effective program consists of putting the components of training together, both in single classes and long-term plans for shaping the participants' physical fitness. This paper presents a selection of all the components of recreation training for Step Reebok recreation classes.

10

Sustained Operations in Confined-Space Military Vehicles

Delleman N. J., Colaciuri V., Wiederkehr E., Valk P. J. L.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2008

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Vol. 14, No. 3

313--325

EN

This paper reports 2 baseline studies and 1 experiment performed in a confined-space military vehicle concerning the effects on fitness and performance of time in a sitting posture and workstation characteristics. On average physical fitness decreased by slightly more than 10% per hour, the observation performance decreased by ~30% per hour, and the technical performance (of gunners) showed a relatively small decrease, i.e., less than 5% per hour. So-called active breaks (changing sitting into standing and walking) led to a significant reduction in the decrease of physical fitness, almost reducing it to zero. Furthermore, the level of confinement was shown to affect physical fitness.

11

Wpływ uszkodzeń podsystemu hamulcowego autobusów na zagrożenia ludzi oraz środowiska

Woropay M., Wdzięczny A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Mechanika

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2006

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Z. 84

371-376

PL

W artykule poddano analizie uszkodzenia podsystemów autobusów oraz dokonano oceny ich wpływu na zagrożenia zdrowia i życia ludzi oraz otoczenia. Badania zrealizowano na wybranej losowo próbce obiektów technicznych w rzeczywistym systemie eksploatacji autobusowej komunikacji miejskiej. Ocenę skutków uszkodzeń przeprowadzono na podstawie analizy informacji zawartych w źródłowych dokumentach przedsiębiorstwa transportowego. Zbiór występujących uszkodzeń podzielono na dwa podzbiory uszkodzeń: pierwotnych i wtórnych. Podano definicję tych uszkodzeń.

EN

The paper deals with the analysis of bus subsystem failures and with the evaluation of their influence on the dangers to the human health and life and the environment. The investigations have been carried out with the use of a randomly chosen sample of the technical object within a real operation and maintenance system of the municipal transport buses. Evaluation of the failure effects have been performed on the basis of the analysis of the information contained in the essential documents of a transport enterprise. It the gathering of occurrent damages was divided was on two subsets of damages: primitive and secondary. Was passed definition of these damages.

12

Analysis and evaluation of the influence of the bus braking subsystem damages on origination of dangers in a sociotechnical system

Wdzięczny A., Woropay M.

Journal of KONBiN

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2006

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No. 2

383--390

EN

Operation and maintenance factors and the destructive processes of the technical object elements cause unfavourable changes in the values of the significant functional features, leading to a damage. A damage has been defined as exceeding admissible boundary values of these features. In this paper it has been attempted to identify the kinds and effects of the damages to a selected bus subsystem. Based on the analysis of the diagnostic data, the reasons of origination of the primary and secondary damages as well as their percentage in all the damages to the selected bus subsystems are classified.

13

Two-Dimensional Automatic Control Modeling of a Posture Control System

Park K. S., Kim U. H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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1998

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Vol. 4, No. 4

485--498

EN

A posture control model has been developed on the basis of the 2-dimensional feedback control theory. Human postural characteristics were investigated in 5 healthy participants. Tests were performed with eyes open and eyes closed. After 5 s of quiet standing, each participant was unexpectedly pulled forward by 30 mm at his pelvis height and then released. Postural sway was measured over 20 s at a rate of 100 per second. Transfer functions to represent the posture control characteristic were identified by the least squares' method. These showed good results of the model's fitness, predictability, and stability. The response of the eyes-closed condition to perturbation is more oscillatory than that of the eyes-open condition. It seems that the model identified could be applicable to ergonomics, sports, or clinical situations.