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Extraction and application of bottom sediments in a closed cycle

Mazur Kamila, Eymontt Andrzej, Wierzbicki Krzysztof

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

265--271

EN

Human activities in relation to aquatic ecosystems result in significant economic losses in the form of contamination of water sources, deteriorating its quality and therefore its availability in lakes, water bodies and even in soil. Hence the need for systematic revitalisation or reclamation of water ecosystems. Such actions, in order to be rational, require a detailed understanding of the causes, and then the use of appropriate technology. The need for the above-mentioned actions result from the weather changes that have been noticeable in recent years, as well as environmental pollutants increasing water eutrophication in reservoirs and stimulating the development of some species of cyanobacteria. These cyanobacteria can cause serious water poisoning, especially in water supply systems. Therefore, a rational, comprehensive technology for the removal of bottom sediments and their processing into organic and mineral fertiliser has been developed with properties similar to manure. It also creates opportunities to improve the structure of soils thanks to the supply of organic carbon, the loss of which was found, among others, in also in soils of Poland and EU. These new possibilities of revitalisation hitherto unknown make it possible to a large extent, compliance with environmental requirements when revitalising water reservoirs and soil.

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Wpływ naturalnych i sztucznych spiętrzeń wody na redukcję stężeń azotu w ciekach powierzchniowych na przykładzie zlewni Kocinki (Wyżyna Wieluńska)

Michalczyk T., Bar-Michalczyk D., Zięba D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 11/2

1339--1343

EN

Groundwater and surface waters are a common, inseparable resource of drinking water. The agricultural Kocinka River catchment in southern Poland is among the case studies within the BONUS - Soils2Sea project (Reducing of nutrient loadings from agricultural soils to the Baltic Sea via groundwater and streams). The study is oriented on exploring the possibilities of reducing nitrates. High concentrations of nitrates are observed in groundwater of the Upper Jurassic Major Groundwater Reservoir No. 326, in which the Kocinka catchment area is located. Previous studies in this area failed to determine whether there is denitrification of nitrates in groundwater. The aim of the study is to investigate the significance of denitrification processes in surface water for the quality of waters in catchments. The influence of artificial and natural water reservoirs on nitrogen removal in the catchment was evaluated. Samples and measurements were taken with particular attention to sites upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. Concentrations of nitrates, conductivity (EC), pH, dissolved oxygen and isotope ratios of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrates were determined in selected locations. The results indicate that nitrate reduction potential differs between the reservoirs. Especially fish ponds show high potential to remove nitrates, depending on seasonal variability.

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Nest Types and Nest-Site Selection of the Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus Breeding in Fishpond Habitat in South-Eastern Poland

Flis A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 2

268--276

EN

The paper describes chosen habitat conditions determining the occurrence and nesting of the Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus and their effect on the nest type (breeding nest BN or mock nest MN). The Little Bittern is a monogamous bird whose male can build a couple of nests during the breeding season. The main questions posed in this work are: (1) what habitat is chosen for the nesting site, and (2) do habitat conditions influence the nest type? The study was carried out in a fishpond complex in the Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park (SE Poland) during the breeding seasons of 2010−2012. All 44 nests (23 BN and 21 MN) were built in a waterside belt of perennial Common Reed Phragmites australis. All nests were built at sites with water depth between 11 and 101 cm. The type of the nest did not depend on the date when it was built during the breeding season. There was a significant difference in the width of the nests between breeding and mock nests. Moreover, obtained results showed a significant influence of the reed belt height and reed stem diameter on the nest type. Further studies on the Little Bittern's nesting habitat, protection of suitable wetlands, and proper water management are important for the conservation of this vulnerable species.

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The role of historical fishpond systems during recent flood events

Lhotsky R.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2010

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no. 14

49-65

EN

Most of the large pond systems in the Czech Republic were built in 16th century. One of the most important fishpond systems is the one of the Trebon basin (Trebon fishpond system - TFS). It is situated in South Bohemia in the upper Luznice watershed, but the whole system also includes the upper watershed in Austria. The system consists of almost 1000 fishponds with a total area of 7 500 ha. Retention capacity of fishponds is estimated to be as big as 50-70 mil. m³, but might be even 110-140 mil. m³ during extreme floods. The situation is then often beyond control and damage occurs, which deteriorates the fishponds' water management function. The largest is Rozmberk fishpond (480 ha), which stored 50-70 mil. m³ during the 2002 flood while its normal volume is about 5.5 mil. m³. In order to ensure a satisfactory flood retention capacity of fishpond systems, proper maintenance of their technical equipment is necessary and emergency measures for the whole system should be added.

PL

Stawy rybne, szczególnie hodowlane karpiowe, oddziałują na reżim hydrologiczny rzek. Największy pobór wody ma miejsce w okresie wiosennym, zwykle w warunkach wysokich przepływów, natomiast zrzut wody prowadzony jest w okresie jesiennym. Uważa się, że stawy rybne pełnią pozytywną rolę w obiegu wody w zlewni. Dotyczy to m.in. ich funkcji w ograniczaniu zagrożeń powodziowych dzięki retencjonowaniu wody w okresach występowania większych przepływów. Na terenie Czech, w niektórych regionach, gospodarka stawowa jest bardzo rozwinięta. W wielu zlewniach zbudowano stawy o dużej powierzchni i dużej objętości retencjonowanej wody. Są to kompleksy stawów zbudowanych w dolinach rzecznych, do których woda doprowadzana jest w wyniku budowy jazu lub stopnia na rzece. Są to również zbiorniki powstałe na skutek przegrodzenia rzeki zaporą. Tworzą one wówczas tzw. stawy paciorkowe. Stawy rybne były budowane na terenie Czech oraz w innych krajach europejskich już w średniowieczu. W artykule przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę stawów rybnych wraz z ich historią oraz opisem starych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych budowli piętrzących i upustowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono jednak na przedstawienie roli stawów w ograniczaniu zagrożeń powodziowych. Podane zostały przykłady ilości zretencjonowanej wody w okresach występowania przepływów powodziowych. Podawane są przykłady świadomego, częściowego opróżniania stawów w celu zwiększenia pojemności retencyjnej, aby przechwycić maksymalny przepływ w rzece.