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1

The Effect of Vibratory Shot Peening on the Geometric Structure of the Surface of Elements Machined by Laser and Abrasive Water Jet Cutting

Skoczylas Agnieszka

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 5

1--11

EN

Elements machined by laser and abrasive water jet cutting sometimes require the use of a finishing treatment. One of the finishing methods for machined elements is vibratory shot peening (VSP). This paper presents the influence of VSP technological conditions on the surface topography and surface roughness (parameters Ra and Rsk) of aluminium alloy AW-7075 samples. Experiments were carried out according to the following plan: first, vibratory shot peening (VSP) was conducted using balls with a diameter d = 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm. Then, the surfaces of the samples after VSP (treated with 6 mm diameter balls) were subjected to re-vibratory shot peening (RVSP). As a result of vibratory shot peening, the Ra parameter of the specimens after laser cutting decreased by 71% to 91%, while for the AWJ-treated elements it decreased by 56% to 85%. The additional operation decreased the Ra parameter in the entry zone by 4% to 6% for the samples after laser cutting and by 5% to 7% for the samples after AWJ, when compared to the Ra value after single vibratory shot peening conducted using balls with d=6 mm. After VSP and RVSP, the surface topography of the samples changed. Vibratory shot peening led to the creation of "striations" on the shot-peened surface that could not be completely removed. The re-vibratory shot peening operation (for specific conditions) had a positive effect on the geometric structure of the surface of the elements after cutting. Both VSP and RVSP caused reduction in the analysed 3D surface roughness parameters.

2

Research on the Influence of Vibratory Machining on Titanium Alloys Properties

Bańkowski D., Spadło S.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

47--52

EN

This article proposes these of vibratory machining to Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy as finishing treatment. Titanium alloy was used in the aerospace industry, military, metallurgical, automotive and medical processes, extreme sports and other. The three-level three-factor Box-Behnken experiment examined the influence of machining time of vibratory machining, the type of mass finishing media used and the initial state of the surface layer on the mass loss, geometric structure of the surface, micro hardness and the optimal process parameters were determined. Considerations were given the surfaces after milling, after cutting with a band saw and after the sanding process. The experiment used three types of mass finishing media: polyester, porcelain and metal. Duration of vibratory machining treatment was assumed to be 20, 40, 60 minutes. The form profiles before and after vibratory machining were determined with the Talysurf CCI Lite - Taylor Hobson optical profiler. Future tests should concern research to carry out tests using abrasive pastes with a larger granulation of abrasive grains, to carry out tests for longer processing times and to determine the time after which the parameters of geometrical structure of the surface change is unnoticeable.

3

The possibility of applying acoustic emission method for monitoring lathing process

Dudzik Krzysztof

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 2

21--27

EN

Nowadays acoustic emission (AE) method is used in many fields of science, including in the diagnosis and monitoring of machining processes such as turning, grinding, milling, etc. Monitoring of turning process allows ensuring stable conditions of treatment. Stable conditions of turning process have a great impact on the quality of the surface. This is especially important during finishing treatment. The research was carried out on a universal ZMM-SLIVEN CU500MRD lathe centre-using tool with removable insert SANDVIK Coromant WNMG 080408 – WMX Wiper. Lathing process was performed on the shaft of 74 mm in diameter made of S235 steel. The research was carried out at constant cutting speed v = 230 m/min. Changed parameters were feed f = 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 mm/rev and cutting depth ap = 0.5; 0.75; 1 mm. In the research was used a set of acoustic emission Vallen System. The kit includes: 4 channel signal recorder AMSY 6, two measurement modules ASIP-2/S, preamplifier with a frequency range 20 kHz – 1 MHz and the strengthening of 34dB and AE signal measurement sensor type VS 150M, with a frequency range 100 – 450 kHz. During the study, the acoustic emission (AE) generated during the lathing process were recorded parameters e.g. amplitude, number of events – hits, the effective value of the signal (RMS). The test results indicate, that the higher instability of the process was during turning with parameters: ap = 0.75 mm and f = 0.1 mm/rev. The study can be the basis for the use of acoustic emission method for monitoring lathing process to ensure stable conditions of that process and the same to obtain a high quality surface.

4

Transport i obróbka przedmiotów na docierarkach tarczowych

Barylski A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 6

354--358, CD

PL

Docierania i szlifowanie należy do podstawowych metod obróbki wykończeniowej. Technologie te stosowane są obecnie zarówno w obróbce elementów metalowych, jak i niemetalowych. Przeanalizowano czas, jaki jest potrzebny do wykonania tych operacji.

EN

Lapping and grinding are classified as a basic finishing operation. This technology can be used on metallic parts, as well as on non-metallic machine elements. Times required to finalize operation are calculated and analyzed in this paper.

5

Wpływ zmiany kąta przystawienia noża tokarskiego typu wiper na wartość parametrów chropowatości powierzchni czopów wykonanych ze stali austenitycznej

Labuda W., Dargacz M., Klecha M., Kozłowska S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2015

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nr 91

64--77

PL

Jednym z najważniejszych problemów współczesnych technik wytwarzania jest zapewnienie odpowiedniej jakości wyrobu, przy minimalizacji kosztów i jednoczesnym wzroście wydajności produkcji. W związku z tym podczas projektowania procesów wytwarzania powinno się zastosować technologię, która ma istotny wpływ na trwałość i niezawodność części maszyn. Podczas obróbki wykończeniowej nadawane są ostateczne wymiary i właściwości użytkowe danego elementu. Osiąga się to poprzez zastosowanie odpowiedniego rodzaju obróbki oraz dobór właściwych parametrów danego procesu. Technolog projektujący proces kształtowania warstwy wierzchniej ma do dyspozycji różne techniki wytwarzania. Konieczne jest znalezienie określonego rozwiązania, które będzie odpowiadać wymaganiom i warunkom pracy danej części maszyny. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zmiany kąta przystawienia noża tokarskiego typu Wiper podczas toczenia czopów wału na parametry chropowatości powierzchni. Badania przeprowadzono na wałku o średnicy 60 mm, wykonanym ze stali X5CrNi18-10. Obróbkę wykończeniową czopów wału przeprowadzono na tokarce uniwersalnej kłowej CDS6250BX-1000. Podczas badań wykorzystano nóż tokarski z wymiennymi płytkami skrawającymi: CCMT09T302 WF, CCMT09T304 WF, CCMT09T308 WF o promieniu naroża 0,2 0,4 i 0,8 mm. Zmianę kąta przystawienia realizowano w zakresie ±3º. Proces toczenia wykonano siłomierzem DKM2010.

EN

One of the greatest problems of modern production techniques is the achievement of an appropriate quality at minimal costs and accompanied by the production efficiency increase. Therefore while designing the production process, the technology used should have a considerable influence on the durability and reliability of machine parts to be produced. During finish treatment the final dimensions as well as functional properties are imparted to a given element by application of proper treatment type. The process engineer has a range of production techniques to choose for the proper surface layer formation. It is crucial to find a suitable solution, which will meet the requirements as well as the work conditions of a given machine part. The article presents the research results the influence of changing the side angle of the cutting tool by wiper technology on the value of surface roughness parameters during lathing process. The research was performed on a roller 60 mm in diameter made of X5CrNi18-10 steel. The finish tooling of pump shaft pins was carried out on a universal CDS 6250 BX-1000 centre lathe. In the research of lathing process used inserts with Wiper technology. During the lathing the optimal cutting parameters were used for inserts: CCMT09T302WF, CCMT09T304WF and CCMT09T308WF with nose radius 0,2, 0,4 and 0,8 mm. The cutting process was performed at side angle of 90° ±3°. The process of lathing used cutting tool dynamometer DKM 2010.

6

The possibility of application acoustic emission method to optimize determination of finish lathing parameters

Dudzik K.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 2

33--39

EN

Nowadays acoustic emission (AE) method is used in many fields of science, including in the diagnosis of machining processes such as turning, grinding, milling, etc. Determining of turning parameters has a great impact on the quality of the surface. This is especially important during finishing treatment. In the study of acoustic emission, method was used to optimize the cutting depth. Optimization was to determine the depth of cut, at which the vibration level exceeds the set level. The research was carried out on a universal CDS 6250 BX-1000 lathe centre using dynamometer DKM 2010 where assembled removable insert CCMT 09 T304 PF. Lathing process was performed on the shaft of 40 mm in diameter made of S235JR steel. The research was carried out at constant cutting speed v = 145 m/min and at constant feed f = 0.114 mm/rev. In the research was used a set of acoustic emission Vallen System. The kit includes: 4 channel signal recorder AMSY 6, two measurement modules ASIP-2/S, preamplifier with a frequency range 20 kHz – 1 MHz and the strengthening of 34 dB and AE signal measurement sensor type VS 150M, with a frequency range 100 – 450 kHz. During the study, the acoustic emission (AE) generated during the lathing process was recorded parameters: amplitude, number of events – hits, the effective value of the signal (RMS). Analysis of the research results allowed to determine the maximum depth of cut, at which the vibration does not reach the set limit value. The study can be the basis for the use of acoustic emission method to determine the parameters of the finishing lathing for obtaining a high quality surface.

7

Nagniatanie gładkościowe elementów rurowych wykonanych ze stali nierdzewnej stosowanych w pojazdach samochodowych

Geleta K., Kukiełka L., Patyk P.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2014

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R. 15, nr 6

124-127

PL

Artykuł dotyczy obróbki wykończeniowej elementów rurowych wykonanych ze stali nierdzewnej, stosowanych w pojazdach samochodowych. W związku z licznymi zaletami wynikającymi z zastosowania metody gładkościowego nagniatania, proponuje się jej zastosowanie zamiast wykończeniowej obróbki szlifowaniem. Porównano wyniki pomiaru chropowatości powierzchni rur po nagniataniu gładkościowym z wynikami pomiaru chropowatości po szlifowaniu. Do badań wykorzystano rury ze stali nierdzewnej 1.4301. Proces nagniatania przeprowadzono przy pomocy głowicy do nagniatania bezkłowego i przelotowego, natomiast szlifowanie przy pomocy taśm ściernych. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań doświadczalnych.

EN

Article applies finishing operation on elements made of stainless steel, used in vehicles. In connection with many advantages resulting from application of the smooth burnishing, it proposed to used it instead of finishing treatment grinding. The results of surface roughness on pipes after smooth burnishing with the results after grinding were compared. Stainless steel of pipes is 1.4301. The process was done using a head of through and centreless burnishing while grinding using a abrasive belts. The results of experimental research were presented in this paper.

8

Structure and Improvement of Properties of Floss Silk via Scouring and Finishing Treatment

Lin H., Ma P., Ning W., Huang J., Jiang F., Hu Z., Xiao H.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 3 (99)

18--21

EN

In the present study, floss silk was treated by scouring and finishing, respectively. The micro structure was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the mechanical property tested by an Instron 5566 tensile tester, and the crystal structure was analysed with Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results show that the properties of floss silk treated with the refining method are better than with the alkali method.

PL

Badania dotyczyły obróbki wykańczalniczej jedwabiu naturalnego. Mikrostruktura jedwabiu była badana za pomocą skaningowej mikroroskopii elektronowej, a właściwości mechaniczne testowane były klasyczną zrywarką firmy Instron, podczas gdy strukturę krystaliczną analizowano za pomocą spektroskopii w podczerwieni (FTIR) oraz rozproszenia promieniowania rentgenowskiego. Wyniki pozwoliły wytypować najlepszą w danych warunkach metodę obróbki.

9

Impact of Cellulose Materials Finishing on Heat and Water Vapour Resistance

Salopek C I, Skenderi Z

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 1 (97)

61--66

EN

The paper explores the impact of finishing on heat and water vapour transfer through knitted materials made from cotton, viscose, modal and lyocel. Tests were performed on raw samples, samples finished in accordance with a commercial recipe and samples additionally finished with a silicone-based agent. The results indicated that changes in the water vapour resistance of the fabric are significantly higher for the samples made from natural fibers than those produced from natural polymers. The above leads to the conclusion that the processes of finishing according to the recipes defined are more suitable for the samples made from natural fibers. Such finished fabrics will reduce water vapour resistance in warm environmental conditions, in which it is necessary to allow the transfer of large amounts of sweat from he skin to the environment, and finally to positively affect an individual’s perception of comfort.

PL

Zbadano wpływ obróbki wykańczającej na transport ciepła i pary wodnej w dzianinach wykonanych z bawełny, wiskozy, lyocelu i włókien modalnych. Badania prowadzono na dzianinach surowych, próbkach wykończonych zgodnie z recepturą handlową oraz próbkach dodatkowo wykończonych preparatem na bazie silikonu. Wyniki wskazują, że zmiany w odporności na parę wodną dzianin są znacznie większe w przypadku próbek wykonanych z naturalnych włókien niż z włókien wytworzonych z polimerów naturalnych. Prowadzi to do wniosku, że procesy wykańczania według określonych receptur są bardziej odpowiednie dla próbek wykonanych z włókien naturalnych. Tak wykończone dzianiny mają mniejszą odporność na parę wodną w ciepłym środowisku, w którym niezbędny jest transfer dużych ilości potu od skóry do otoczenia, powiększając równocześnie komfort użytkowania.

10

Methodology of testing shot blasting machines in industrial conditions

Wrona R., Zyzak P., Ziółkowski E., Brzeziński M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 12, iss. 2

97-104

EN

Shot blasting machines are widely used for automated surface treatment and finishing of castings. In shot blasting processes the stream of shots is generated and shaped by blasting turbines, making up a kinetic and dynamic system comprising a separating rotor, an adapting sleeve and a propelling rotor provided with blades. The shot blasting performance- i.e. the quality of shot treated surfaces depends on the actual design and operational parameters of the unit whilst the values of relevant parameters are associated with the geometry of turbine components and the level of its integration with the separator system. The circulation of the blasting medium becomes the integrating factor of the process line, starting from the hopper, through the propeller turbine, casting treatment, separation of contaminated abrasive mixture, to its recycling and reuse. Inferior quality of the abrasive agent (shot) and insufficient purity of the abrasive mixture are responsible for low effectiveness of shot blasting. However, most practitioners fail to fully recognise the importance of proper diagnostics of the shot blasting process in industrial conditions. The wearing of major machine components and of the blasting agent and quality of shot treated surfaces are often misinterpreted, hence the need to take into account all factors involved in the process within the frame of a comprehensive methodology. This paper is an attempt to formulate and apply the available testing methods to the engineering practice in industrial conditions.

11

The influence of industrial finishing treatments and their succession on the mechanical properties of denim garment

Khedher F., Dhouib S., Msahli S., Sakli F.

Autex Research Journal

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2009

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Vol. 9, no. 3

93--100

EN

The principal aim of this work is to study the effect of matter, types of launderings (stone wash, enzyme wash, mixed wash and rinse), special treatments applied during the manufacturing process of garment washing (brushing, sanding, resin-treatment, bleach-treatment, permanganate-spray and softening) and their succession on the fabric mechanical properties: Tear strength (T. S) and Breaking strength (B. S). The results show that all these treatments, applied to obtain more worn appearance and aged look for garment has decreased the mechanical properties. Moreover , the resin- treatment is the most aggressive for cloths in the set of the special treatments. In fact, whatever the following washing process is stone washing or mixed washing, the finishing resin-treatment destroys the matter and reduces a lot the mechanical resistance. Thus, we proved that in the case of washed denim fabric, it is advisable to avoid the line of succession of treatments containing the resin-treatment and mixed washing process.

12

Wpływ dodatków stopowych oraz obróbki wykańczającej na odporność korozyjną blach cynkowych

Liberski P., Lejkowski J., Spyra M., Kania H., Podolski P.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2004

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R. 49, nr 7

330-334

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań odporności korozyjnej blach cynkowych. Określono wpływ dodatków stopowych do cynku na odporność korozyjną wytworzonych blach oraz skuteczność zabezpieczania stosowanej obróbki wykańczającej blach. Przeprowadzono laboratoryjne przyspieszone badania korozyjne w dwóch standardowych ośrodkach korozyjnych: w obojętnej mgle solnej oraz w wilgotnej atmosferze zawierającej SO2. Stwierdzono, że stosowane w chwili obecnej dodatki stopowe tytanu i miedzi do cynku głównie w celu poprawy podatności blach do przeróbki plastycznej, wpływają również korzystnie na odporność korozyjną. Korzystnie na odporność korozyjną w początkowym okresie eksploatacji, a także na podniesienie walorów wizualnych, wpływa zabieg dodatkowego zabezpieczenia powierzchni cynku powłoką polimerową lub podwójną powłoką fosforanową i polimerową.

EN

Results of the investigation into corrosion resistance of zinc sheets are presented. An effect of the alloying components added to zinc on the corrosion resistance of the sheets fabricated and effectiveness of the applied protective final treatment have been determined. Accelerated laboratory-scale corrosion tests were performed in two standard corrosive environments: neutral salt spray and in a wet SO2-containing atmosphere. It was found that titanium and copper, which are added at present to zinc in order to improve workability of the sheets, exhibit also a beneficial effect on the corrosion resistance. Moreover, additional protecting of the zinc surface with a polymer coating or with a combined phosphate/polymer coating increases the corrosion resistance in the first exploitation period and improves appearance of the sheets.