The execution of building projects should be planned in a realistic time, at the assumed cost and quality, and take into account the risk of the contract parties. However, even the best-planned construction projects are exposed to the risk of delays. The article reviews causes of delays in the construction projects identified both in the world and in Poland. The consequences of delays, regardless of the responsible party, should be clearly spelled out in the contracts. Financial penalties for delays are commonly used in agreements for construction works, and their level, according to the presented analyses, is usually higher in the public than in the private sector. Attention has been also paid to the few models presented in the literature that make it possible to predict delays and prevent their effects. It seems that this is an interesting direction for further research.
W pracy została przedstawiona analiza prawa o ruchu drogowym w wybranych państwach Europy (Polska, Niemcy, Wielka Brytania i Węgry). Przedstawiono i porównano kary za wykroczenia drogowe w poszczególnych państwach. Dokonano ich zestawienia i omówienia.
EN
The article discusses selected issues of traffic law in the following countries: Poland, United Kingdom, Germany and Hungary. It was Presented and are compared penalties for traffic offenses in Poland, Great Britain, Germany and Hungary.
W pracy przedstawione zostaną kary za wykroczenia drogowe w Polsce i w Niemczech. Pokazano wybrane zestawienie kar za takie same wykroczenia drogowe w obu krajach. Przedstawiono zarówno kary finansowe jak również kary w postaci punktów karnych.
EN
There are presented in the paper the penalties for traffic offenses in Poland and Germany. The selected breakdown of penalties for the same traffic offenses in both countries is shown in this paper. There are presented financial penalties as well as penalties in the form of penalty points.
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