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PL
Pandemia COVID-19 i obawy przed wzrostem zakażeń wirusem SARS-COV-2 doprowadziły do intensywnych dyskusji ekspertów w wielu krajach na temat roli wentylacji w kwestii rozprzestrzeniania się wirusa w pomieszczeniach oraz metod uzdatniania powietrza w procesie zapobiegania rozwojowi choroby.
EN
Filtration systems are using for separation of turbidity from liquid product in beverage industry. Real production plant have filtration system base on vessel candle filter and frame carton's filter for clarification but don't have any equipment for possibility of automation this system. I'm propose implementation of process elements for automation and control system, including filtration department and close departments like products storages and station for mixing and carbonization products.
PL
Przedstawiono analizę jakości popłuczyn odprowadzanych z układu filtracyjnego w wybranej krytej pływalni. Oszacowano, że oszczędność związana z obniżeniem kosztów odprowadzania popłuczyn do kanalizacji w rozpatrywanym obiekcie może stanowić 40% całkowitego kosztu zużycia wody i odprowadzania ścieków w ciągu roku. Na podstawie badań jakości popłuczyn i analizy kosztów zaproponowano możliwości wykorzystania i zagospodarowania popłuczyn basenowych.
EN
The analysis of the quality of washings discharged from the filter system in the selected indoor swimming pool was presented. It was estimated that the savings related to the cost reduction of discharging washings to the sewage system in the considered building can provide 40% of the total cost of water consumption and sewage disposal in the year. On the basis of the quality of washings and the cost analysis it was suggested the possibility of use of washings.
EN
A filter system is presented which allows the reduction of the concentration of ultrafine particles in vehicle cabins to very low levels. The original ventilation system is switched to the recirculation mode and all cabin intake air is supplied via a retrofitted filter system. Tests with a variety of different vehicles (from passenger cars to coaches) show the efficiency of the system. Filters incorporated in present ventilation systems remove large particles, for example pollen, but usually are inefficient for removing very small particles. This is demonstrated by Fig. l, where the particle number concentration outside and inside a car is plotted during a journey near Zurich. It is obvious that the concentrations inside and outside are more or less identical. All windows were closed during this measurement. Tests with a number ofdifferent all cars showed similar results. The filters included in today 's ventilation systems usually cannot remove nanoparticles, and so vehicle cabin indoor and outdoor nanoparticle concentrations are more or less identical. The nanocleaner, consisting of a very effident filter and a high performance blower, allows reduction of the particle concentration in the cabin from several hundreds of thousands or millions per cc. to a few thousand per cc., equivalent to remote woodland, the total exposed dose being reduced by some two orders of magnitude.
5
Content available remote The importance of PET filtration for the possibility of material recycling
EN
Purpose: With the development increasing of plastics production the problems associated with their disposal have appeared on. Because of the large volume of plastic wastes and their limited long-term resolution, there is a need for treatment and reuse. For this purpose, with tests of properties, studies on plastics recycling and reprocessing into new products (recyclate) are conducted. The basic technological problem connected with using of secondary material is to clean it. The basic utility problem is the impact of recycling operations on the properties of the secondary material. The work to this issue is mainly devoted. Design/methodology/approach: One of the basic surgery to restore the plastics reusing ability is impurities removing. An available modern way is to use a specialized system of filtration sieves. Optimization problem is to select the proper filter in terms of mechanical properties of the resulting recyclate. In the work, the secondary material with using of grid filter of varying size has been tested. Prepared, with using of purified secondary plastic, three layer film to tensile test was subjected. Findings: The result of the tests described in this work is the preliminary determination of the filtration effect on the mechanical characteristics of the selected secondary materials. Research limitations/implications: The results confirm the impact of the quality of filtration of thermoplastics in the process of secondary processing on the base product properties. The accuracy of the pollution elimination process affects directly on the mechanical characteristics of secondary material. Used in the research procedure filtration system with automatic filter change operation helps to minimize the impact of filtering on the performance of the extrusion process. Practical implications: Practical benefit of the study is the confirmation of the possibility and desirability of material recycling, particularly with using of modern filtration system. Originality/value: The original value of the research are qualitative and quantitative assessment of the effects of filtration on the characteristics of the secondary material.
6
Content available remote Rain water management for the purposes of sustainable development
EN
Sewage systems of residential units were constructed as a single system in the past. Tribal sewers of most cities are now congested. A new built-up area is situated to a greater distance from the historic centre. Reconstruction investments of tribal sewers are expensive. Consequently, there are strong pressures to limit the runoff of rain water from the newly constructed buildings at the edges of cities. Therefore the sophisticated use of alternative supplies of water, such as the purified waste water from households and capture rain water is essential, to help reduce water consumption. Reasonable rain water management leads to maintain or recover a sound and sustainable water cycle. This involves retentions, infiltrations, vegetation strips, paving and design techniques, and so on. Changes in the amount of hard (impervious) surfaces in urban areas have significantly altered the way rain water moves over, and infiltrates into, the land.
PL
Dla dopuszczalnej wartości skuteczności filtracji aerozoli w filtrach włókninowych wytwarzano struktury wielowarstwowe, zapewniające możliwie największe wartości pyłochłonności. Na podstawie modelu teoretycznego filtracji wgłębnej określono optymalny układ filtracyjny.
EN
The multilayer fiber structures were manufactured for achieving possibly high values of dust capacity at accepted value of the filtration efficiency of aerosol particles in fibrous filters. Basing on the theoretical model the optimal filtration system was determined.
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