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Detectability of Elusive Reptiles under Artificial Cover Objects is Species- and Year-Specific

Kolanek Aleksandra, Bury Stanisław

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 4

342--347

EN

Field surveys of rare and elusive reptiles often encounter the problem of low detectability. Therefore, several techniques have been invented to improve detection probability and artificial cover objects (ACOs) are among the most commonly used in reptile studies. However, the methodological effectiveness of ACOs has been rarely evaluated and focused mostly on spatial aspects. The temporal dimension of the ACOs effectiveness remains still understudied, despite well-known seasonal variation in reptile activity patterns. Here, we examined seasonal and between-year variation in the fraction of occupied ACOs, as a proxy for detectability, in two elusive reptile species, the slow worm Anguis fragilis and smooth snake Coronella austriaca. We found that the use of ACOs was species-specific and showed high temporal variation. In the case of smooth snakes, monthly usage varied between years; specifically within-year variation of the proportion in occupied ACOs was most pronounced in 2015, but seems vanishing in consecutive years. This loss of of seasonal pattern occurs only in the last year of survey in the case of slow worm and monthly use of ACOs seem not to vary between years. Considerably low detectability of the studied species by the ACO method in some years may not necessarily indicate their low population density, but rather results from shifts in their diurnal activity and/or microhabitat use dependent on ambient temperatures. Increasing between-year variation in weather conditions may reduce repeatability of seasonal patterns of ACO usage, making we suggest additional detection techniques that could bee incorporated.

2

Positional accuracy evaluation of Google Earth in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mulu Yalemzewd Abere, Derib Sisay Demeku

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

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2019

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Vol. 54, No. 2

43--56

EN

From the time when it was first launched in 2005, satellite data generated from Google Earth are freely available online. Hence, without being conducting concrete studies about the accuracy of satellite data from Google Earth, Google Earth are chiefly used for different field of studies in different sectors for different purposes in Ethiopia. In this regard, it was planned to conduct this study by establishing the main objective to evaluate the positional accuracy of Google Earth. Hence, in order to address the aforementioned objective, a brief methodology for collecting and analyzing data was performed. The positional accuracy of Google Earth for both horizontal and vertical cases was evaluated. The acquired horizontal RMSE of Google Earth was found fit to produce a class-1 map of having 1:20,000 scale as recommended by ASPRS-1990. Unlike for horizontal case, the computed RMSE for vertical positional accuracy of Google Earth was not found fit for preparing class-1 map. However, making correlations between field survey and GE can provide 95% fitness, and also, subtracting the acquired RMSE for the vertical case from the original Google Earth elevation data can provide a 90% fitness for preparing class-1 map as well.

3

Investigations of Topographic effect on radial current in South Yellow Sea

Chen C., Wang Y., Huang H.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

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S 3

123--129

EN

Large scaled projects are conducted in South Yellow Sea in recent years. Topographic effect and tidal current are key issues to the coastal engineering and the ocean engineering. In this study, field surveys were conducted to investigate the tidal level, current velocity, and current direction in South Yellow Sea. A numerical model was developed to simulate the radial current field based on the field data. To investigate the mechanism of the radial current field, the actual topography and a smoothed topography were applied in the numerical model, respectively. Results show that, the current field appeares radial because of the tidal system rather than the submarine topography. Local topography centralized the radiation centre and shifted the high-velocity zones. The actual topographic effect is proposed, and results show that local topography increases the flood tide velocity and decreases the ebb tide velocity. Lagrangian residual currents are calculated to illustrate possible sediment sources and transport routes.

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Zastosowanie technologii GIS w lokalizacji stanowisk archeologicznych podczas prospekcji terenowej

Bryk M., Chyla J. M.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2014

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T. 12, z. 1(63)

19--29

PL

Artykuł proponuje schemat postępowania przed, podczas oraz po przeprowadzeniu prospekcji terenowej przy pomocy technologii mobilnego GIS, której celem było zweryfikowanie lokalizacji stanowisk archeologicznych, zadokumentowanych w latach 80 i 90 XX w. W pierwszej części scharakteryzowane zostały badania powierzchniowe oraz założenia naukowo-konserwatorskiego programu Archeologicznego Zdjęcia Polski, który stał się podstawą krajowego systemu ewidencji stanowisk archeologicznych i obowiązującym źródłem pozyskania danych przestrzennych. Wskazane zostały także uwarunkowania do przeprowadzenia badań o charakterze weryfikacyjnym. Następnie opisano etapy procesu badawczego, przeprowadzanego metodami tradycyjnymi i opartego na dokumentacji analogowej oraz wskazano miejsca obarczone ryzykiem generowania błędów. W dalszej części zaproponowany został schemat prac przy użyciu urządzeń mobilnych z GIS, z naciskiem na etap przygotowania materiałów do działań w terenie – pozyskanie cyfrowych danych z map analogowych. Scharakteryzowane i porównane zostały możliwości wykorzystania: nawigatorów GPS, tabletów i smartfonów z aplikacjami Google oraz palmtopów z oprogramowaniem GIS, jako narzędzi badawczych do celów weryfikacyjnych, a kluczowe cechy wybranych urządzeń i aplikacji zestawiono w tabeli. Podsumowanie wskazuje na korzyści płynące z zastosowania nowych rozwiązań podczas badań powierzchniowych, istotne zmiany w stosunku do metod tradycyjnych oraz postulat uwzględnienia nowoczesnych technologii i dostosowania zgromadzonych informacji o zasobach dziedzictwa archeologicznego w nimi ośrodkach zarządzających.

EN

The paper proposes a work flow before, during and after the archaeological field survey, with the use of mobile GIS technology, aimed at verifying the location of archaeological sites, documented in the 1980s and 1990s. The first part characterized the field survey and of scientific and conservation assumptions of the program called the Polish Archeological Record, which became the basis for a national register of archaeological sites and the current source of spatial data acquisition. The text specified also circumstances needed to carry out verification research. Further part described the steps of the research process, carried out with the use of traditional methods and based on the analog records. Additionally, areas endangered by the risk of generating errors were highlighted. The next part proposes workflow on the mobile devices with GIS, with a focus on the process of preparing materials for actions in the field - acquiring digital data from analogue maps. The text compares the possibilities and characteristics of GPS navigators, tablets and smartphones with Google applications and PDAs with GIS software as research tools for the verification of data obtained. Key features of selected devices and applications are summarized in the table. The summary indicates the benefits of the new solutions during the field survey, significant changes in relation to traditional methods, and the postulate to take into account new technologies and adapt to them the collected information about the resources of the archaeological heritage in the national conservation offices.

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The assessment of "Jatropha" as raw material for BDF

Matsuda S., Rudyanto B., Kojima M., Herdiana W., Fujiwara E.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2009

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Vol. 3, No. 4

18-20

EN

Prevention of global warming is becoming urgent issue and "biofuel" gathering worldwide attention has been put into practical use not only in US, EU, Brazil or other countries but in Japan. As for its impact on environment, however, evaluation still varies including aninfluence on global economy, for example food price crisis that might have been caused by competition with food. In the previous study [1], one of the authors pointed out that "bio-ethanol" from crops is never "carbon neutra", that means the production and use of the fuel does not lead to a net increase in atmospheric CO concentration, nor useful as a countermeasure against global warming. The "second-generatio" of bio-fuel made from nonfood biomass has attracted much attention especially after the Hokkaido Toyako G8 summit held in November 2008. Among various plants or biomass materials, "Jatropha" has come to the front as one of the most promising candidates for future bio-diesel production. In fact, there are many plans or projects aiming at large scale cultivating Jatropha for bio-diesel oil production in several African or Southeast-Asian countries. However, it should be pointed out that there are too many unknown factors still remaining that are important in practical use of Jatropha oil, for example, productivity as well as sustainability, long-term impact of its large-scale use on soil quality, practical costs of the oil and so on. In this study, an assessment on the validity of Jatropha production was tried as quantitatively as possible using the data obtained from a field survey in Indonesia conducted by the authors in January and March of 2009. Although LCI data for LCA calculations obtained was very limited, the true reality of the situation about Jatropha could substantially be demonstrated to some extent. The main point was that the oil cost was dominated mainly by labor costs, because many work operations could not be mechanized and inevitably be manual handling tasks. In many cases, the labor costs could not be covered by the income from the Jatropha oil (or seed) due to the low productivity of the biomass, whereas the prime cost of the biodiesel oil was rather high expensive compared with fossil fuel.