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1

Wpływ aplikacji pulpy siarkowej na plonowanie i skład chemiczny kukurydzy

Lisowska Aneta, Filipek-Mazur Barbara, Kulig Bogdan

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 1

143--148

PL

Doświadczenie polowe prowadzono w latach 2018-2019 w Stacji Doświadczalnej Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie. W pierwszym roku doświadczenie obejmowało 5 obiektów: obiekt kontrolny bez nawożenia, obiekt z nawożeniem pulpą siarkową oraz obiekty z nawożeniem pulpą siarkową w połączeniu z materiałami organicznymi. W drugim roku doświadczenie kontynuowano celem oceny dwóch strategii nawożenia: ponownego zastosowania materiałów i nawozów wprowadzonych w pierwszym roku badań i wyłącznego nawożenia mineralnego NPK, w celu określenia następczego działania materiałów wykorzystanych w pierwszym roku badań. W odniesieniu do obiektu kontrolnego zastosowane nawożenie prowadziło do istotnego zwiększenia plonu suchej masy części nadziemnych kukurydzy. Rośliny nawożone badanymi materiałami cechowały się porównywalną lub większą zawartością azotu ogółem i porównywalną lub mniejszą zawartością siarki ogółem niż rośliny obiektu kontrolnego.

EN

In a two-year field expt., corn was grown and fertilized with S pulp or mixts. of S pulp with org. substances or without fertilizer in order to det. the yield efficiency of the dry matter of the aboveground part. In the second year of the expt., the assessment of re-fertilization using materials and fertilizers introduced in the first year of the study and exclusive NPK mineral fertilization was continued in order to det. the residual effect of the materials used in the first year. The applied fertilization significantly increased the dry matter yield of the above-ground parts of corn compared to the control treatment. Plants treated with S materials showed comparable or higher total N content and comparable or lower total S content compared to control plants.

2

Trawy budzące zachwyt

Maj Alicja

Zieleń Miejska

|

2023

|

Nr 7-8

32--35

PL

Zachwycają zwiewnym pokrojem, nieraz oryginalną kolorystyką liści i kwiatostanów, a także mają szeroki zakres zastosowań. Trawy – warto przyjrzeć im się z bliska.

3

Response of Different Coffee-Based Agroforestry Management on Microbial Respiration and Density

Nugroho R. Muhammad Yusuf Adi Pujo, Ustiatik Reni, Prasetya Budi, Kurniawan Syahrul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 9

158--170

EN

Coffee agroforestry has become a land use system that provides both ecological and economic benefits, so it is managed in various ways. Pruning and fertilizer management is a combination that is applied for optimal production. However, understanding the effect of combined management on soil respiration and functional microbial populations remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of combining pruning and fertilizer management on soil respiration and functional bacterial populations as well as to elucidate the relationship between tested parameters. The study was conducted in UB Forest. A factorial randomized block design consisting of three factors, i.e., coffee pruning, type of fertilizer, and fertilizer doses was used. The results showed that combining three factors affected the diazotrophic bacterial population and soil respiration, which is sensitive to management changes. Coffee pruning and mixed fertilizer (inorganic + organic) application affected soil respiration and microbial populations, while the dose affected each parameter differently. The conducted study suggests that pruning management with mixed fertilizer application can substitute inorganic fertilizer as more environmentally sustainable management in coffee-based agroforestry.

4

Microbial Biomass and Soil Respiration Response to Pruning and Fertilization Practices in Coffee-Pine Agroforestry

Azizah Futihatu Rizkiani, Prayogo Cahyo, Kurniawan Syahrul, Rowe Rebecca L.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 8

329--342

EN

Pruning and fertilization practices plays an important role in coffee plantation, used to maintain soil quality and coffee productivity. However, the impact of pruning and fertilization practices on soil microbial activity under coffee-based agroforestry are poorly understood. The aimed of this study was to analyze the response of soil microbial properties (i.e., soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and soil respiration rates (SR)) to pruning and fertilization management in coffee-based agroforestry in UB (Universitas Brawijaya) Forest. A split-plot design with eight treatments and three replications were used in this experiment. The main-plot factor consisted of two types of pruning (Pruning and Bending), and the sub-plot factor consisted of four types of fertilization (i.e., no fertilizer (NF), 100% chicken manure (MN), 50% chicken manure + 50% NPK-inorganic (MN+NPK), and 100% NPK-inorganic (NPK)). The result showed that there was a significantly different (p<0.05) in the soil microbial biomass C and soil respiration after the application of fertilizer. The addition of chicken manure (MN and MN+NPK treatment) could enhance the soil microbial biomass and soil respiration, compared to the NF treatment under different pruning practices. The level of soil pH in MN were highest and significantly different with NPK treatment, showed that the application of chicken manure had a potential to neutralize the soil acidity. Metabolic quotient (qCO2) showed highest in the NF treatment as compared to the other treatments. The soil respiration had positive correlation (p<0.05) with SMBC, while SMBC had negative correlation (p<0.01) with qCO2.

5

Kompost miejski

Słomka Wojciech

Zieleń Miejska

|

2022

|

Nr 2

50--51

PL

Wprowadzanie ekorozwiązań do miast nie powinno skupiać się tylko na walce ze smogiem czy dbaniu o segregację odpadów. To ważne i kluczowe zadania, jednak bez ochrony i wzmocnienia procesów biologicznych aglomeracje nadal będą jałowe pod względem bioróżnorodności. Dbałość o zieleń, zwiększanie liczby nasadzeń, dostosowywanie do zmian klimatu muszą być wspomagane na poziomie mikro. Dobrym rozwiązaniem jest zwiększenie udziału nawożenia organicznego w pielęgnacji roślin miejskich, np. kompostem. Czy jest to możliwe?

6

Zastosowanie kompleksów L-cysteiny z mikroelementami do nawożenia roślin

Grzesik Ryszard, Kuźnik Nikodem

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2022

|

T. 101, nr 7

485--490

PL

Otrzymano chelaty L-cysteiny z metalami przejściowymi stanowiącymi grupę mikroelementów pokarmowych dla większości roślin uprawnych. Podjęto badania w kierunku rozszerzenia portfolio produktowego Grupy Azoty ZAK SA o RSM z zawartością mikroskładników w formach schelatowanych. Wykonano badania fitotronowe 3 produktów kompleksowania związków nieorganicznych L-cysteiną. Badania fitotronowe zostały przeprowadzone dla upraw sałaty i rzodkiewki. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają zasadność nawożenia chelatami na bazie aminokwasów.

EN

The aq. L-cysteine soln. was mixed with the aq. inorg. salt soln. (Fe, Cu, and Mo sulfates) and then lyophilized. The obtained chelates were added to a com. soln. of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). The chelate-enriched fertilizer was applied to the soil in the phytotron cultivation of lettuce and radish. The yield of plants was compared with crops fertilized only with UAN and UAN with the addn. of inorg. salts. The obtained results confirm the legitimacy of fertilization with amino acid chelates.

7

Research into Comparative Performance of Different Tillage and Fertilization Systems Applied to Grey Forest Soil of Forest Steppe in Grain Crop Rotation

Kaminskyi Viktor, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Tkachenko Mykola, Kolomiіets Mykola, Kaminska Valentina, Ptashnik Mykhailo, Ivanovs Semjons, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

163--178

EN

The paper summarises the results of the comprehensive scientific research carried out in the form of a two-factor stationary experiment (5 primary tillage systems × 3 fertilization systems) with rotation (2016–2020) of cereal crops (winter wheat – grain maize – spring barley – soybean) in grey forest fine sand and light loam soil. The effectiveness of the tested agricultural production method has been proven by the amplitudes of the actual cropping capacities: winter wheat – 2.80–5.00 t∙ha–1; grain maize – 4.16–8.89 t∙ha–1; spring barley – 1.78–4.45 t∙ha–1; soybean – 1.02–3.17 t∙ha–1. The rehabilitation of the physical, agrochemical and biological status of the edatope and the consolidation of the physiological processes in the grain cenoses achieved by the systemic approach to the soil tillage and fertilisation have provided for an increase in the natural biological potential of the plough land by a factor of 1.3–1.8 (from 2.96 to 5.21 t∙ha–1 of grain units, units for the equivalent measuring of different plant cultivation products). Factographic justification has been provided for the environmental, technological and technical-and-economic feasibility of implementing agronomic technologies based on the adaptive combination of mouldboard and non-mouldboard tillage (to a depth of 6–45 cm) and organic and mineral fertilization system (6.5–7.0 t∙ha–1 of plant cultivation by-products + N70P58K68). In this case, the effective fertility of an area unit in crop rotation reaches 5.72 t∙ha–1 in grain units, the production cost of raised grain – 117 €∙t–1, the earning capacity – 788 € (ha∙year) –1, the level of plant cultivation profitability – 139%. In the comparable alternatives of the system-based soil tillage (every-year ploughing, subsurface blade tillage and especially tillage with disk implements), the indices estimated above are significantly lower.

8

Effect of beneficial microorganisms on the vegetative growth, yielding and nutritional status of "šampion" apple trees

Treder Waldemar, Klamkowski Krzysztof, Sasz-Pasz Lidia, Wójcik Katarzyna, Tryngiel-Gać Anna, Frąc Mateusz, Lisek Anna, Górnik Krzysztof, Derkowska Edyta, Mika Augustyn

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2022

|

nr I/1

43--62

EN

The effects of bacterial and fungal inocula on the growth, yielding, and nutritional status of apple trees was evaluated in 3-years experiment (2018 - 2020). The experiment included the following treatments: (i) control (unfertilized soil), (ii) no fertilization + soil application of fungi, (iii) no fertilization + soil application of bacteria. The mixture of beneficial fungi contained two species: Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum. The mixture of beneficial bacteria contained three strains of Bacillus (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa). The application of beneficial microorganisms (especially bacterial strains) to the soil (without additional mineral fertilization) enhanced the growth of the apple trees. In the third year of the study (2020), the trees grown in the plots inoculated with bacteria bloomed the most intensively. Plant nutritional status (expressed as concentrations of elements in leaves) was not affected by the application of the bacterial strains or filamentous fungi. The stronger growth of trees in the plots where the bacteria were used was likely related not so much to the nutritional status of the trees, but to the mitigation of the influence of the negative factors that cause the replant disease.

9

Effect of soil application of zeolite-carbon composite, leonardite and lignite on the microorganisms

Wolny-Koładka Katarzyna, Marcińska-Mazur Lidia, Jarosz Renata, Juda Michał, Lošák Tomáš, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2022

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Vol. 29, nr 4

553--563

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral-organic mixture on changes in the abundance of selected soil microorganisms. The experiment contained: soil with NPK (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) + 3 % or 6 % lignite (MF+CW3 %, MF+CW6 %) and 3 % zeolite-carbon composite (NaX-C); soil with NPK + 3 % or 6 % leonardite (MF+CL3 %, MF+CL6 %) and 3 % NaX-C; soil without fertilisation (C); soil fertilised with mineral NPK fertilisers (MF). Plants participating in the experiment were spring wheat and spring oilseed rape. The presence of the selected microorganisms was determined: Azotobacter spp., actinomycetes, ammonifiers, bacteria and mold fungi. Using Koch’s serial dilution method, the abundance of selected soil microorganisms was performed. The conducted research allows to conclude that the abundance of detected microorganisms depended on both the applied fertilisation and the plant grown. For the spring oilseed rape, the highest abundance of microorganisms was determined in treatments where fertilisation with lignite mixtures was applied, while for spring wheat, with leonardite mixtures. Increasing (from 3 % to 6 %) the share of lignite and leonardite in fertiliser mixtures did not translate into a proportional growth in the abundance of microorganisms, so such a treatment has no economic justification. Given their alkaline pH, the mixtures used can be a substitute for calcium fertilisers to improve soil properties and, consequently, protect soil organic matter from degradation.

10

Pielęgnacja dachów zielonych

Nowak Jacek

Materiały Budowlane

|

2021

|

nr 6

26--27

11

Phosphoric regime of light chestnut soil and sugar beet yield with long-term use of phosphorous fertilizers

Alimbekova Balnur, Yeleshev Rakhimzhan, Bakenova Zhenisgul, Shibikeyeva Aigerim, Balkozha Marzhan

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 49

151--155

EN

This study presents the results of research on the effect of long-term use of phosphorus fertilizers on permanent sugar beet crops for more than 50 years and on the transformation of phosphate forms on light chestnut soil and its yield. Our work aims to establish the main factors of quantitative and qualitative changes in various phosphates in light chestnut soil. Despite the large amount of practical material, the influence duration of phosphorus fertilizer application has not been sufficiently studied on the irrigated soils of Kazakhstan. It should be noted that the current study was carried out in long-term stationary experimental sites for the production of sugar beet with permanent sowing. The introduction of phosphate fertilizers primarily on the permanent crops of sugar beets in the same norms contributes to a more significant increase in gross phosphorus reserves. The soil content of gross phosphorus for 58 years on the control and nitrogen-potassium variants show practically no changes. Furthermore, when phosphorus fertilizers are applied on the variant with the annual application of a single norm of phosphorus and its amount for 58 years (4400 kg∙ha–1 of application doses) its content increased by 2660 mg∙kg–1, and with the introduction of its one and a half norms (6600 kg of application doses) by 2860 mg∙kg–1 of soil.

12

Effect of magnetic fields and fertilizers on grass and onion growth on technogenic soils

Vasilyeva Maria, Kovshov Stanislav, Zambrano Johnny, Zhemchuzhnikov Maxim

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

|

no. 49

55--62

EN

The article deals with effect the use of organic (biohumus) and mineral (biochar) fertilizers based on the products of chicken vital activity on changing the fertility of technogenic sod-podzolic soils exposed to constant and unstable magnetic fields. The germination and growth dynamics of grasses and onions were investigated. The rational rate of introduction of the studied fertilizers into the technogenic soil is determined. Running (RMF) and direct (DMF) magnetic fields were applied in two ways: with fertilizers added and without fertilizers added. It has been established that the effect of preliminary magnetization of technogenic soil has a significant effect on lawn grass germination and the length of onion feathers, which are more than twice the height when exposed to the RMF, as compared with DMF. The effect of RMF on grass germination was also twice as high for DMF, when fertilizers were added. The DMF magnetization and biohumus helps to increase the grass sprout height by 10–20%. Onion sprouts were higher in two cases: DMF and biohumus; RMF and biochar. The influence of the factor of fertilizer type has a significant effect in 30–40% of cases, whilst at a spread rate of more than 5%, significant chemical activity of biochar negatively affects the germination of both grass and onion.

13

Assessment of the impact of selected agriculture factors on maize nutritional status in critical growth stages using the plant analysis method. Part 1. 5-6 leaf stage (BBCH 15/16)

Szulc Piotr, Baldys Weronika, Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Krauklis Daniel, Kucharska Aleksandra

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 66, nr 1

10--18

EN

The study presents the results of a 3-year field study, whose aim was to assess the effect of sowing and NP fertilizer application method on dry matter (yield) accumulation at the BBCH 15/16 stage of two different types (traditional and staygreen) of maize varieties. It was found that the nutritional status of maize in the stands rich in nutrients may only incidentally (depending on years) show a reaction to variety selection and row application of NP fertilizers, improving the values of nitrogen nutrition indices. Physiological indices of the plants’ status at the BBCH 15/16 stage showed a significant, albeit variable over the years, response to variety selection and the row application of NP fertilizers. The negative effect of the sowing method was revealed incidentally.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki 3-letnich badań polowych, których celem była ocena wpływu sposobu siewu i aplikacji nawozu NP na gromadzenie suchej masy (plon) w fazie BBCH 15/16 przez dwa różne typy (tradycyjna i stay-green) odmian kukurydzy. Stwierdzono, że stan odżywienia kukurydzy w stanowiskach zasobnych w składniki pokarmowe tylko incydentalnie (od lat) może wykazać reakcję na dobór odmiany, jak i rzędowe stosowanie nawozów typu NP poprawiając wartość wskaźników odżywienia azotem. Wskaźniki fizjologiczne stanu roślin w stadium BBCH 15/16 wykazują istotną, aczkolwiek zmienną w latach, reakcję na dobór odmiany i rzędowe stosowanie nawozów NP. Ujemne działanie sposobu siewu ujawnia się incydentalnie.

14

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Silicon in Ukrainian Phaozems and Chernozems

Tonkha Oksana, Butenko Andrii, Bykova Olga, Kravchenko Yuriy, Pikovska Olena, Kovalenko Vitalii, Evpak Iryna, Masyk Ihor, Zakharchenko Elina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 2

111--119

EN

This study investigated the spatial variability of the soil silicon content in relation with topography, parent materials, soil texture, soil organic matter, exchangeable cations and pH. Using the experimental data from two longterm sites in the Forest-Steppe area of Ukraine, the SiO2 content was estimated in 60 samples taken from a soil depth 0–25 cm. The accumulation of SiO2 was significantly greater in the soils formed in footslopes. A content of extractable silicon fraction significantly increased from a sandy loam(366–465 mg•kg-1) to medium(670–697 mg•kg-1) and heavy(506–849 mg•kg-1) textured soils. The highest amount of available silicon content was found in the soils containing: 35.0–39.9% of physical clay fraction (< 0.01 mm dia) in Hrytsiv area – 143.0 ± 46 mg•kg-1 and < 25.0% of physical clay fraction in Khrolyn area – 125.0 ±6 mg•kg-1. A significant relationship was found between pHKCl, P2O5, K2O, Mg and both forms of SiO2. There was almost no correlation between available/ extractable SiO2 and exchangeable Ca and ∑ Ca+Mg. Our studies found the best correlation between extractable SiO2 and spring barley yield (r = 0.651; P = 0.041), as well assoluble SiO2 and corn for grain yield (r = 0.514; P = 0.128). No significant relationships were found for sugar beet, winter wheat, sunflower.

15

Wpływ zakwaszania gnojowicy kwasem siarkowym na wybrane właściwości fizykochemiczne gleb w przykładowych uprawach

Barwicki Jan, Mazur Kamila E., Kierończyk Marek, Borek Kinga, Wardal Witold J., Roman Kamil K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

|

T. 99, nr 11

1600--1604

PL

Do nawożenia gruntów ornych przed siewem kukurydzy i na łąkach użyto gnojowicy zakwaszonej 95-proc. kwasem siarkowym. Stosowano różne kombinacje dawek azotu zarówno na gruntach ornych, jak i na użytkach zielonych. Przeanalizowano wybrane parametry gleby, w tym pH oraz zawartość azotu, fosforu i potasu. Gleba ma dużą zdolność buforowania, jednak nawożenie może mieć wpływ na jej właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne. Zakwaszenie gnojowicy jest sposobem na zmniejszenie emisji amoniaku z gnojowicy w budynkach inwentarskich, podczas jej składowania w zbiorniku i podczas nawożenia na grunty orne i użytki zielone.

EN

Permanent grassland (with lysimeters) and arable land for maize sowing were fertilized with acidified and non-acidified cattle slurry with different doses of N. The content of minerals (C, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, SH) and pH in soil samples from arable fields and lysimeters were detd. The acidified slurry did not cause any significant changes in soil pH, but it increased the yield and protein content in both grass and maize.

16

Efektywność nawożenia i wykorzystania azotu przez pszenżyto ozime

Jaśkiewicz Bogusława

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

|

T. 99, nr 4

574--576

PL

Przeprowadzono doświadczenie polowe z odmianami pszenżyta ozimego w celu określenia wskaźników wykorzystania azotu z nawozów w zależności od dawki azotu i sposobu uprawy gleby. Badania wykazały zmniejszenie efektywności fizjologicznej przy wzroście nawożenia azotem z 90 do 120 kg/ha. Efektywność rolnicza nie różniła się istotnie. Duże wykorzystanie azotu z nawozów i istotnie wyższy plon ziarna odnotowano dla obiektu, w którym azot stosowano w dawce 90 kg/ha, przy uprawie płużnej oraz u odmiany mieszańcowej.

EN

Four varieties of winter triticale (Meloman, Trapero, Rotondo and hybrid BOH 2415) were cultivated on wheat soils by using different doses of N fertilizers (0-120 kg/ha) in traditional (plow) and simplified (without plowing) cultivation systems. The indicators of N consumption from fertilizers were examd. by detn. of N content in grain and straw. High N utilization from fertilizers and significantly higher yields were recorded in the case of N fertilization at a dose of 90 kg/ha in plow cultivation and for hybrid BOH 2415 cultivar. A physiol. efficiency decreased with the increase of N fertilization from 90 to 120 kg/ha, while the agricultural efficiency did not differ significantly.

17

Effect of long-term fertilization of the permanent dry meadow on the zinc content in soil and meadow sward

Gabryszuk Mirosław, Barszczewski Jerzy, Kuźnicka Ewa, Sakowski Tomasz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

|

no. 47

61--65

EN

The study took place between 2012 and 2014 in Falenty near Warsaw, Poland, as part of a long-term scientific experiment (first began in 1987) using the randomized block method. All blocks were irrigated until 2008. In 2009 each block was divided into two areas: irrigated and non-irrigated. The study involved four levels of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and two levels of mixed inorganic and organic fertilizer in the form of fermented cattle urine. The soil in all experimental plots was characterized by low levels of zinc, ranging from 7.6 to 16.7 mg Zn∙kg–1 dry matter. Much lower Zn content in both soil layers of all irrigated plots was associated with increased yields on these plots, regardless of the level and form of fertilizer. The content of Zn in soil and sward in 2014 year was significantly lower compared in 2012. Inadequate levels of zinc for ruminant nutrition were observed in the sward from all plots (15.4–28.8 mg∙kg–1 dry matter). The higher content of zinc was found in sward harvested from the plot, which was not fertilized with phosphorus. The long-term inorganic and fermented urine fertilization resulted in very low zinc content in the soil and meadow sward.

18

Effect of microbiologically enriched fertilizers on the yielding of strawberry plants under field conditions in the second year of plantation

Sas-Paszt Lidia, Sumorok Beata, Grzyb Zygmunt S., Głuszek Sławomir, Sitarek Mirosław, Lisek Anna, Derkowska Edyta, Przybył Michał, Trzciński Paweł, Frąc Mateusz, Górnik Krzysztof

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2020

|

Vol. 65, nr 1

31--38

EN

The experiment was established in the spring of 2018 in the Experimental Orchard of the Research Institute of Horticulture in Dąbrowice (Central Poland) and was carried out on strawberry plants of the cultivar ‘Marmolada’. The experiment included the following experimental combinations: 1. Control – no fertilization; 2. Standard NPK fertilization (control); 3. Application of only the fungi Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum; 4. Application of only the bacteria Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa; 5. Standard NPK + fungi; 6. Standard NPK + bacteria; 7. Polifoska 6, 100% + bacteria; 8. Urea 100% + fungi; 9. Polifoska 6, 100%; 10. Super Fos Dar 40 innovative fertilizer, 100% + bacteria; 11. Urea 60% + fungi; 12. Polifoska 6, 60% + bacteria; 13. Super Fos Dar 40 60% + bacteria. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of fertilization with innovative mineral fertilizers enriched with bacteria and filamentous fungi on the fruiting of two-year-old strawberry plants under open-field conditions. In the second year of the study, the number of inflorescences and flowers, the intensity of the green colour of the leaves, the yielding of the plants, and the quality of the fruit were determined. The measurements showed that the strawberry plants fertilized with the microbiologically enriched standard NPK fertilizer and those fertilized with a 60% dose of microbiologically enriched Polifoska 6 formed a greater number of inflorescences and flowers than the plants without fertilization. The leaves of the strawberry plants fertilized with Super Fos Dar 40 in full dose and with Polifoska 6, both microbiologically enriched, had a more intensely green colour than the control plants. The largest number of fruit was collected from the plants fertilized with the standard NPK fertilizer microbiologically enriched with the filamentous fungi. The increase in yield in this combination was as much as 123.1% in relation to the control. Comparatively high yields were also produced by the strawberry plants after the application of Bacillus bacteria and when fertilized with the microbiologically enriched NPK fertilizer. The largest fruits were those in the combinations where standard fertilization with the microbiologically enriched NPK fertilizer was used. The type and method of fertilizing the plants did not have a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of the fruit, such as pH, soluble-solids content, firmness and acidity.

PL

Doświadczenie założono wiosną 2018 roku w Sadzie Doświadczalnym Instytutu Ogrodnictwa w Dąbrowicach (k. Skierniewic) i prowadzono je na roślinach truskawki odmiany ‘Marmolada’. Doświadczenie objęło następujące kombinacje: 1. Kontrola – bez nawożenia; 2. Standardowe nawożenie NPK (kontrola); 3. Aplikacja grzybów strzępkowych Aspergillus niger i Purpureocillium lilacinum; 4. Aplikacja bakterii Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens i Paenibacillus polymyxa. 5. Standardowe nawożenie NPK + grzyby; 6. Standardowe nawożenie NPK + bakterie; 7. Polifoska 6, 100% + bakterie; 8. Mocznik 100% + grzyby; 9. Polifoska 6, 100%; 10. Super Fos Dar 40, 100% + bakterie; 11. Mocznik 60% + grzyby; 12. Polifoska 6, 60% + bakterie; 13. Super Fos Dar 40 60% + bakterie. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu innowacyjnych nawozów wzbogaconych mikrobiologicznie o bakterie i grzyby strzępkowe na owocowanie dwuletnich roślin truskawki w warunkach polowych. W drugim roku prowadzenia badań określono liczbę kwiatostanów i kwiatów, natężenie zielonej barwy liści, plonowanie roślin i jakość owoców. Pomiary wykazały, że rośliny truskawki nawożone standardowo nawozami NPK wzbogaconymi mikrobiologicznie oraz nawożone 60% dawką Polifoski 6 wzbogaconej mikrobiologicznie uformowały większą liczbę kwiatostanów i kwiatów niż rośliny bez nawożenia. Liście roślin truskawki nawożone nawozem Super Fos Dar 40 w pełnej dawce oraz Polifoską 6 wzbogaconych mikrobiologicznie miały bardziej intensywne zielone liście niż rośliny kontrolne. Najwięcej owoców zebrano z roślin nawożonych standardowo nawozami NPK wzbogaconymi mikrobiologicznie o grzyby strzępkowe. Przyrost plonu w tej kombinacji wyniósł aż 123,1% w odniesieniu do kontroli. Bardzo dobrze plonowały także truskawki po zastosowaniu bakterii z rodzaju Bacillus oraz nawożone standardowo nawozami NPK wzbogaconymi mikrobiologicznie. Najlepiej wyrastały owoce w kombinacjach, gdzie zastosowano standardowe nawożenie nawozami NPK wzbogaconymi mikrobiologicznie. Rodzaj i sposób nawożenia roślin nie miał istotnego wpływu na fizykochemiczne właściwości owoców, takie jak: pH, poziom ekstraktu, jędrność i kwasowość.

19

Effect of microbiologically enriched fertilizers on the yielding of strawberry plants in container-based cultivation at different levels of irrigation

Sas-Paszt Lidia, Sumorok Beata, Grzyb Zygmunt S., Głuszek Sławomir, Lisek Anna, Derkowska Edyta, Trzciński Paweł, Stępień Wojciech, Przybył Michał, Frąc Mateusz, Górnik Krzysztof

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 65, nr 1

21--29

EN

The experiment was established in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) Experimental Field in Skierniewice in the spring of 2018 in three replications. It was conducted on strawberry plants of the cultivar ‘Marmolada’ growing in stoneware containers with a diameter of 0.40 m and a height of 1.20 m, containing about 120 litres of podzolic soil with a pH of 6.2 (in KCl). The experiment was conducted in two variants: at 100% hydration and 50% hydration (2x13 fertilizer combinations). The aim of the study was to assess the impact of beneficial microorganisms and innovative mineral fertilizers enriched with them on the fruiting intensity and fruit quality of two-year-old strawberry plants in container-based cultivation, optimally irrigated and subjected to stress of prolonged water deficiency. The method of fertilizing the strawberry plants did not significantly affect the number of inflorescences and flowers. However, the treatments significantly increased the chlorophyll content in the leaves of optimally irrigated plants, especially where they were fertilized with NPK fertilizers and Urea enriched with filamentous fungi, and also the fertilizers Polifoska 6 and Super Fos Dar 40 enriched with beneficial bacteria. With limited water availability, regardless of the type of mineral fertilizer, the microorganisms did not have a significant impact on the characteristics of the strawberry plants grown. Reducing the availability of water to plants by 50% caused a significant decrease in fruit yield and mean fruit weight. The microorganisms, especially the filamentous fungi, helped to limit the impact of water deficiency on the quantity and quality of the obtained fruit crop, especially when compared with the effect of full mineral fertilization. However, the strawberry fruit yield was lower than the yield of optimally irrigated plants by about 30%. Under optimal irrigation, the NPK fertilizer enriched with filamentous fungi significantly increased fruit yield. Similarly, an increase in yield occurred after the application of the fertilizers: Urea in the recommended dose (100%) with the addition of filamentous fungi, and Super Fos Dar 40 in the amount of 60% of the recommended dose enriched with beneficial bacteria. Additional fertilization with the microbiological preparations increased the strawberry fruit yield. Better effects were obtained on the containers with a lower level of irrigation than on those with optimal irrigation.

PL

Doświadczenie założono na polu doświadczalnym Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego (SGGW) w Skierniewicach wiosną 2018 roku w trzech powtórzeniach. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono na sadzonkach roślin truskawki odmiany ‘Marmolada’ posadzonych w kamionkowych kontenerach o średnicy 0,40 m i wysokości 1,20 m, wypełnionych 120 litrami gleby bielicowej o pH of 6,2 (w KCl). Doświadczenie prowadzono w dwóch wariantach: 100% nawodnienie i 50% nawodnienia (2 x 13 kombinacji nawozowych). Celem pracy była ocena wpływu pożytecznych mikroorganizmów i innowacyjnych nawozów mineralnych wzbogaconych mikrobiologicznie na intensywność owocowania i jakości owoców dwuletnich roślin truskawki uprawianych w kontenerach, optymalnie nawadnianych i poddanych stresowi suszy. Sposób nawożenia roślin nie miał istotnego wpływu na liczbę kwiatostanów i kwiatów truskawki. Natomiast zabiegi te istotnie zwiększały zawartość chlorofilu w liściach roślin optymalnie nawadnianych, szczególnie tam, gdzie nawożono je nawozami NPK i mocznikiem wzbogaconymi grzybami strzępkowymi oraz nawozami Polifoska 6 i Super Fos Dar 40 wzbogaconymi pożytecznymi bakteriami. Mikroorganizmy przy ograniczonym dostępie wody, niezależnie od rodzaju nawozu mineralnego, nie miały istotnego wpływu na wielkość badanych cech roślin truskawki. Ograniczenie nawodnienia roślin o 50% spowodowało znaczny spadek plonu i masy jednego owocu. Mikroorganizmy, a szczególnie grzyby strzępkowe pozwoliły ograniczyć wpływ niedoboru wody na wielkość i jakość uzyskanego plonu, zwłaszcza w porównaniu do wpływu pełnego nawożenia mineralnego. Plon truskawki był niższy w porównaniu do plonu roślin optymalnie nawadnianych o około 30%. Nawóz NPK wzbogacony grzybami strzępkowymi w tych warunkach zwiększał istotnie jego wielkość. Podobnie po zastosowaniu nawozów: mocznika w zalecanej dawce (100%) z dodatkiem grzybów strzępkowych i nawozu Super Fos Dar 40 w ilości wynoszącej 60% dawki zalecanej, wzbogaconego pożytecznymi bakteriami. Nawożenie preparatami mikrobiologicznymi zwiększyło plon owoców truskawki. Lepszy efekt uzyskano w kontenerach o niższym poziomie nawadniania niż w kontenerach z nawodnieniem optymalnym.

20

Some aspects of using automated electronic systems in development of modern agriculture

Barwicki Jan, Mazur Kamila, Borek Kinga

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2020

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Vol. 41, nr 4

13--18

EN

The main goal of the paper was to present utilization of existing electronic automated system in agriculture on a global scale. At the beginning such developments were used mainly for military purposes. With a time agriculture scientists realized that these type of automation can be used also in agricultural systems. Satellite systems make possible obtaining information about soil structure and different types of crops with feed plants as well. Besides that, it can rationalize the process of management concerning contribution to the development of precision agriculture by steering of farm machinery during fieldwork, doing monitoring of biomass and crop yields, taking soil samples, dosing of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, measurement field crops, monitoring of animals, generation of field parcels, monitoring of farm machinery work. Processed of aerial and satellite photographs, adjusted to points of geodesy base in the specified coordinate system occur in the form of orthophotomaps. Precision agriculture warrantee not only obtaining very high and good quality yields but also has an influence on limiting of pollution of natural environment and reduction of production costs. Obtaining data by using remote sensing methods are integrated with information concerning spatial variability of soil and plants, which comes from register units provided by the recording of changes of different parameters, heaving importance from the point of view of the application in precision agriculture.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu było przedstawienie wykorzystania istniejącego elektronicznego zautomatyzowanego systemu w rolnictwie na skalę globalną. Początkowo takie rozwiązania były wykorzystywane głównie do celów wojskowych. Z czasem naukowcy zajmujący się rolnictwem zdali sobie sprawę, że ten rodzaj automatyzacji można zastosować także w systemach rolniczych. Systemy satelitarne umożliwiają uzyskanie informacji o strukturze gleby i różnych rodzajach upraw, także z roślinami przeznaczonymi na paszę. Proces zarządzania można również zracjonalizować w odniesieniu do wkładu w rozwój rolnictwa precyzyjnego poprzez sterowanie maszynami rolniczymi podczas prac polowych, prowadzenie monitoringu upraw na biomasę i przetwórstwo rolno-spożywcze, pobieranie próbek gleby i upraw, dozowanie nawozów mineralnych i pestycydów, monitorowanie zwierząt, wydzielanie działek polowych, monitoring pracy maszyn rolniczych. Przetworzone zdjęcia lotnicze i satelitarne, dopasowane do punktów bazy geodezyjnej w określonym układzie współrzędnych, występują w postaci ortofotomap. Rolnictwo precyzyjne gwarantuje nie tylko uzyskiwanie bardzo wysokich i dobrych jakościowo plonów, ale także wpływa na ograniczenie zanieczyszczenia środowiska naturalnego oraz obniżenie kosztów produkcji. Pozyskiwanie danych metodami teledetekcyjnymi jest zintegrowane z informacjami dotyczącymi przestrzennej zmienności gleb i roślin, które pochodzą z zapisanych jednostek dostarczonych przez rejestrację zmian różnych parametrów, mających znaczenie z punktu widzenia zastosowań w rolnictwie precyzyjnym.