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Multiferroic materials for sensors, transducers and memory devices (review article)

Surowiak Z., Bochenek D.

Archives of Acoustics

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2008

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Vol. 33, No. 2

243-260

EN

Chemical compositions and basic properties of smart materials (ferroics, biferroics, multiferroics) are introduced in this paper. Single phase and composite ferroelectromagnetics are characterized in detail. Multiferroic ferroelectromagnetics are materials which are both ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic/antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric/ferrielectric, antiferrolectric in the same phase. As a result they have a spontaneous magnetization which can be switched by an applied magnetic field, a spontaneous polarization which can be switched by an applied electric field, and often there is some coupling between those fields. The physical mechanisms of the coupling process were analyzed. In the case of the ferroelectromagnetics in general the transitions method d electrons, which are essential for magnetism, reduce the tendency for off-center ferroelectric distortion. Such materials have all the potential applications of both their parent ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials.

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Ferroikowe materiały inteligentne

Surowiak Z., Bochenek D.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2007

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Vol. 48, nr 6

50-60

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę materiałów ferroikowych (kryształy, ceramika). Nazwą materiały ferroikowe obejmuje się materiały ferromagnetyczne (FM), ferroelektryczne (FE) i ferroelastyczne (FES). Te trzy rodzaje materiałów nazywane są podstawowymi ferroikami. Mechanicznym lub elastycznym analogiem ferromagnetyzmu i ferroelektryczności jest ferroelastyczność. Materiały wykazujące jednocześnie właściwości ferroelektryczne (FE) i ferroelastyczne (FES) nazywane są ferroelastoelektrykami (FE+FES=FESE). Ferroiki (FE, FM, FES) i ferroelastoelektryki (FESE) należą do rodziny materiałów inteligentnych. Są one defi niowane jako materiały, które mogą być zmieniane i kontrolowane przez zewnętrzne bodźce (magnetyczne, elektryczne, mechaniczne, cieplne). Materiały inteligentne mogą znaleźć zastosowanie w różnych dziedzinach techniki (automatyzacja, procesy kontroli, robotyka, wytwarzanie materiałów, technika lotnicza, trakcje elektryczne, elektronika, technika obronna, technika medyczna i biotechnologia).

EN

In article the generał characteristics of ferroic materials (crystals and ceramics) were showed. Ferroic crystals are those crystals which involve at least one phase transition which changes the directional symmetry of the crystal. The term ferroic materials is a generał term covering ferromagnetic materials (FM) ferroelectric materials (FE) and ferroelastic materials (FES). These three types of ferroics are called primary ferroics. Mechanicai or elastic analogue of ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity is called ferroelasticity. Materials exhibiting both ferroelectric and ferroelastic properties are called ferroelastoelectrics (FE+FES). The ferroics (FM, FE, FES) and ferroelastoelectrics (FE+FES) belong to family on smart materials. They be defined broadly that materials that can by altered or controlled by an extemal stimulus (magnetic, electric, mechanicai, thermal). Smart materials can by used in a variety of applications and in diverse industries such as automation, process control, robotics, materials processing, aerospace, automotive, electronics, defense technologies and medical technique.

3

Ferroic smart materials

Surowiak Z., Bochenek D., Korzekwa J.

Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 53, No 2

193-219

EN

Thes paper presents the general properties of ferroic materials (crystals, ceramics). Ferroics is the general term covering ferromagnetic materials (FM), ferroelectric materials (FE) and ferroelastic materials (FES). Those three groups of materials are called "simple primary ferroics". Ferroelasticity is the mechanical or elastic analogue for ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity. The materials which exhibit both ferroelectric (FE) and ferroelastic (FES) properties are described as ferroelastoelectrics (FE+FES=FESE). The ferroics (FM, FE, FES) and ferroelastoelectrics (FE+FES) belong to smart family materials. They are defined as materials which have some properties that can be altered and controlled by external stimuli (magnetic, electric, mechanical, thermal). Smart materials can be used in many technology fields such as automation, control process, robotics, material processing, aerospace engineering, automotive and electronic industry, defense technology, medical technology and biotechnology.