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1

Set-up form spontaneous and induced birefringence measurements

Ciżman A., Poprawski R.

Optica Applicata

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2005

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Vol. 35, nr 1

163-170

EN

The paper presents a simple polarization-interference set-up fot demonstration of temperature dependence of birefringence and both electronical phenomena which can be used for the students laboratory and scientific investigation.

2

Analiza pełnofalowa anteny skanującej na podłożu ferroelekrycznym

Jaszczyszyn E.

Kwartalnik Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji

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2004

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Vol. 50, z. 2

287-311

PL

W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję i opracowano nowy rodzaj skanującej anteny paskowej na podłożu ferroelektrycznym bez konieczności wykorzystania przesuwników fazy. Ponadto opracowano uogólnioną metodę analizy elektrodynamicznej rozpatrywanej struktury promieniującej wraz z metodą analizy numerycznej. Wyniki badań anteny skanującej wskazują na możliwość szerokiego jej zastosowania, a przedstawiona metoda analizy pełnofalowej do projektowania struktur promieniujących.

EN

Electronically scanned microwave antennas is accomplished by electronically altering the phase across the antenna radiating aperture (by means of discrete phase shifting elements or by changing frequency). This conventional inertialess scanning techniques in the microwave region are not cheap. A new scan antenna concept that realizable design using low-cost fabrication processes is presented. This concept is based on the first higher order mode on a microstrip line, which substrate is made using ceramic-polymer composite with modified ferroelectric powder Ba0,65Sr0,35TiO3 and appropriate polymer (grains of the powder have been sprayed into polymer with specific method). This ceramic-polymer composite was designed to change permittivity in response to an applied electric control field. The property of ferroelectric materials having a dielectric constant which can be modulated at high frequencies is very attractive. The feasibility of dielectric scanning (changing the direction of the beam by varying the relative permittivity of the electrically controlled ceramic-polymer composite) has been investigated. The radiation characteristics of such antenna have been accurate evaluated. Both longitudinal and transverse currents are treated. The method of solution used is an extension of the Fourier integral method which is used in conjunction with the method of moments (Galerkin solution). The propagation constant kx for higher order modes in open microstrip were calculated. In the present structure the complex propagation constant can be changed by changing the frequency or by changing the dielectric constant of the substrate (E2) as in the case of electrically controlled ferroelectric ceramic-polymer composite. In general, the direction of the radiated beam is given by Om = sin-1 (B), where kx (E2) = B(E2) = j * A(E2). For frequencies not far above the cut-off frequency, that means for B/k 0 < 1 (B in phase constant of the first higher order mode), the fields of the first higher order mode on the microstrip line are coupled to the line very loosely resulting in a considerable radiation.

3

Badania właściwości materiałów ferroelektrycznych w zakresie mikrofal

Jaszczyszyn E., Szafran M., Modelski J., Bobryk E.

Kwartalnik Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji

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2003

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Vol. 49, z. 2

247-256

PL

W pracy przedstawiono impulsową metodę do pomiaru parametrów materiałów ceramiczno-polimerowych, przydatnych do zastosowań w zakresie mikrofal. Przeprowadzono także badania kompozytowych warstw ceramiczno-polimerowych zawierających modyfikowany ceramiczny proszek ferroelektryczny typu Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3 oraz odpowiedni polimer, w którym w sposób dyskretny rozproszone zostały ziarna tego proszku. Otrzymane współczynniki przestrajania skutecznej przenikalności elektrycznej pozwalają stwierdzić, że warstwy takie nadają się do opracowania nowych typów anten oraz podzespołów mikrofalowych.

EN

Pulse method for microwave measurement of the ceramic-polymer materials parameters has been developed. Ceramic-polymer composite substrates with modified ferroelectric powder Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3 and appropriate polymer (grains of the powder have been sprayed into polymer with specific method) have been also investigated. The powder Ba0.65 Sr0.35TiO3 has been synthesized at the temperature range 1150-1350C/3h and admixture (from 0,5% to 3%) of oxides of nickel or manganese or iron have been added. The ferroelectric powder after being granulated (into grinder) according to desired size (1-5 um) has been utilized in order to obtain ceramic-polymer films. The substrates of the ceramic-polymer composite have been designed such that volume of the ferroelectric powder was from 75% to 97,5%. However, volume of the polymer was at the range from 2,5 to 25%. Thickness of the composite layer has been chosen from 100 to 500 um. The type of the polymer required for obtaining the composite with desired parameters has been also investigated. Main properties of the composite are mechanical resistance and flexibility. They permit to operate easy with obtained substrate and cover conductive plane with it. The polystyrene and polyvinyl butyral are the best among many investigated polymers. The proposed pulse method for microwave measurement of the ceramic-polymer materials parameters is based on measurement of the pulse delay to after pulse passed of the microstrip line fragment. The substrate of the microstrip line is realized with ferroelectric material. Utilizing this pulse method permits to accurately define the pulse delay without matched to microstrip, but it does not permit to assign losses. Because permittivities of the investigated materials are primarily unknown this way might be very useful. Microstrip line can be matched and the losses can be determined by changing pulse magnitudes. Obtained results (e.g. tuning ability coefficient of the effective permittivity) show that ceramic-polymer substrate can be utilized in designing new type of antennas and microwave devices.