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1
Content available Castings Dimensions Influence on the Alloyed Layer Thickness
Szajnar J., Baron C., Walasek A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2014
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Vol. 14, iss. 1
107--112
EN
The paper presents the results of simulation of alloy layer formation process on the model casting. The first aim of this study was to determine the influence of the location of the heat center on alloy layer’s thickness with the use of computer simulation. The second aim of this study was to predict the thickness of the layer. For changes of technological parameters, the distribution of temperature in the model casting and temperature changes in the characteristic points of the casting were found for established changes of technological parameters. Numerical calculations were performed using programs NovaFlow&Solid. The process of obtaining the alloy layer with good quality and proper thickness depends on: pouring temperature, time of premould hold at the temperature above 1300oC. The obtained results of simulation were loaded to authorial program Preforma 1.1 in order to determine the predicted thickness of the alloy casting.
2
Content available Tribological and corrosive properties of the parts of machines with surface alloy layer
Szajnar J., Walasek A., Baron C.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2013
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Vol. 58, iss. 3
931--936
EN
There are presented the results of researches conducted on the steel cast with surface alloy layer in this work. The measurement of the thickness, hardness and abrasion wear resistance was conducted in accordance with norm ASTM G 65-00. The measurement of the corrosion resistance was conducted in accordance with the potentio - dynamical method. It is shown that it is possible to obtain the alloy surface layer of different thickness by control of some factors: pouring temperature Tzal , diameter of grain of FeCrC alloy Zw and the thickness of the cast wall gśo. It is proved that the smaller diameter of ferrochromium grain, the thicker surface alloy layer. It is also said that the higher pouring temperature and thicker the cast wall, the thicker surface alloy layer. What is more - the smaller thickness of the cast wall, the bigger hardness and abrasion wear resistance.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań odlewu staliwnego z powierzchniową warstwą stopową. Badania obejmowały pomiar grubości, twardości, odporności na zużycie ścierne wykonane zgodnie z normą ASTM G 65-00 oraz odporności na korozję metodą potencjo-dynamiczną. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że sterując w zadanym zakresie zmiennymi czynnikami procesu takimi jak temperatura zalewania staliwa Tzal, średnica Zw ziarna stopu Fe-Cr-C i grubość ścianki odlewu gśo. można uzyskać powierzchniową warstwę stopową o różnej grubości. Wyniki badań dowiodły również, że stosowanie na wkładkę stopową żelazochromu o mniejszej średnicy ziarna powoduje powstanie powierzchniowej warstwy stopowej o większej grubości, podobnie jak przy wzroście temperatury zalewania i grubości ścianki odlewu. Ponadto stwierdzono, że im mniejsza grubość ścianki odlewu tym uzyskuje się większą twardość warstwy i odporność na zużycie ścierne.
3
Content available The Temperature of the Beginning of Alloy Layer Forming Process on the Steel Cast
Szajnar J., Walasek A., Baron C.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2013
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Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.
185--188
EN
In this work the results of experiment connected with the problem of formation surface layers on the steel castings. There was an attempt to determine two factors: temperature (premould be higher up 1300°C) and time (heating composite premould). The purpose of the argument was prove of creation surface composit layer in the consequence of heat composite premould (to above temperature of 1300°C). The purpose of conducted research was tests control parameters (have an influence on diffusion process).
4
Content available remote Current situation on the production market of FeMn and FeCr
Karbowniczek M., Gładysz J., Ślęzak W.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2012
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Vol. 55, nr 2
870--875
EN
Purpose: Ferroalloys are mainly used in steelmaking processes in order to obtain an appropriate chemical composition of metal. Main producers include China, South Africa, India, Kazakhstan and Russia. These countries in total constitute 83% of the global production. In 2009 nearly 30 million tons of ferroalloys were produced, mainly ferrochromium, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon. Design/methodology/approach: It is presented a review of current methods in the production of chromium and manganese alloys, chemical reaction which take place, advantages and disadvantages of technologies. Findings: Paper shows a situation in the production of ferroalloys based on FeNm and FeCr. Research limitations/implications: This paper presents currently used methods in the production of ferromanganese and ferrochromium. Originality/value: The article presents the share of production of ferroalloys in the world, major manufacturers and used methods.
5
Content available The mechanism of the surface alloy layer creation for cast steel
Walasek A., Szajnar J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2012
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Vol. 12, iss. 1
115-118
EN
The paper presents a detailed description of the process of creation of a surface alloy layer (using high-carbon ferrochromium) on the cast steel casting. The mechanism of the surface alloy layer is based on the known theories [5,6]. The proposed course of formation of the layers has been extended to decarburization stage of steel. The research included proving the presence of carbon-lean zone. The experiment included the analysis of the distribution of elements and microhardness measurement.
6
Content available Wpływ Ni, Mo, Si, Ti na jakość powierzchniowej warstwy stopowej
Walasek A., Baron C., Szajnar J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2011
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Vol. 11, iss. 3 spec.
289--293
PL
Praca przedstawia wyniki badań mikrostruktury oraz wybranych własności mechanicznych warstwy stopowej. Celem badań było określenie wpływu Ni, Mo, Si i Ti dodanych oddzielnie do żelazochromu wysokowęglowego, z których wykonano wkładkę stopową na własności warstwy wytworzonej na odlewie staliwnym. Badania struktury prowadzono na mikroskopie świetlnym. W ramach badań własności użytkowych określono twardość, mikrotwardość oraz odporność na zużycie ścierne typu metal-minerał wytworzonej warstwy stopowej. Dążono do uzyskania jak najwyższych własności oraz największej grubości warstwy stopowej, która byłaby pozbawiona wad i nieciągłości. Przeprowadzone badania umożliwiły dobór dodatku stopowego do materiału wkładki co wpłynęło na poprawienie jakości otrzymywanych powierzchniowych warstw stopowych.
EN
The paper presents research results of microstructure and selected mechanical properties of alloy layer. The aim of the researches was to determine the influence of Ni, Mo, Si and Ti with high-carbon ferrochromium (added separately to pad) on the alloy layer on the steel cast. Metallographic studies were made with use of light microscopy. During studies of usable properties measurements of hardness, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of type metal-mineral for creation alloy layer were made. As thick as possible composite layer without any defects and discontinuity was required. The conducted researches allowed to take the suitable alloy addition of the pad material which improved the quality of the surface alloy layer.
7
Content available remote Influence of insert granularity and pouring temperature on the thickness of surface alloy layer
Szajnar J., Bartocha D., Baron C., Walasek A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2011
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Vol. 11, iss. 1
99-104
EN
In the paper the characteristic of the surface alloy layers on cast steel castings is presented. The assumptions for the simulation with the use of FLUENT software were worked out on the basis of the mechanisms known from the previous researches. The contact geometry (of preform and cast steel) and boundary conditions similar to the technological conditions were determined. The simulation was carried out for three pouring temperatures. The results of the simulations and the conclusions were presented. The real examinations for the same technological parameters were carried out to verify the calculations. The obtained results were compared.
8
Content available remote The influence of the size of ferrochromium grain on the surface composite layer forming process
Szajnar J., Baron C., Walasek A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2010
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Vol. 10, iss. 1
191-198
EN
The aim of the researches was to determine the influence of the size of high - carbon ferrochromium grain (which was used to make the pad) on the quality of the composite layer on the steel cast. This kind of cast was obtain by pouring the mould with the pad placed on the chosen surface with liquid metal. As thick as possible composite layer without any defects and discontinuity was required. Both good quality and required thickness of surface composite layer depend on many factors. The pouring temperature, module of cast solidification, size and shape of the cast are the most important ones. The suitable graininess of pad material is also significant parameter. The conducted researches allowed to take the suitable graininess of the pad material which improved the quality of the surface composite layer.
9
Content available remote The attempt of determination of parameters for the alloy layer forming process based on the empirical examination
Szajnar J., Bartocha D., Baron C., Walasek A.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2008
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Vol. 8, iss. 3s
139--143
EN
In this work the results of research connected with the problem of determination of the temperature at the beginning of the alloy layer forming process on the steel cast were presented. It was shown that diffusion of chromium, carbon and iron, between the material of the premould made of grainy, high – carbon ferrochromium and the cast steel, has an influence on the surface alloy layer forming process. There was an attempt to determine the liquidus and solidus temperatures for ferrochromium. Additionally, the researches were carried out with the purpose of determination of the time of alloy layer forming process.
10
Content available remote Kompozyty z wiórów aluminium i jego stopów utwardzane żelazochromem.
Gronostajski J., Marciniak H., Matuszak A.
Mechanik
|
2000
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R. 73, nr 12
862-865
PL
Przeprowadzono analizę wpływu fazy utwardzającej wprowadzonej do wiórów Al, PA2 i PA6 tworzących osnowę oraz parametrów technologicznych wytwarzania kompozytów na ich właściwości mechaniczne. Stwierdzono, że nagrzewanie w powietrzu nie powoduje istotnego utleniania powierzchni cząstek wiórów pogarszającego procesu ich spajania. Stosowanie atmosfery ochronnej lub próżni jest wiec niecelowe. Krzywe umcnienia kompozytów w temperaturze 20, 150, 300 i 450 stopni C charakteryzują sie stale rosnącymi wartościami naprężenia w funkcji odkształcenia zarówno w niskiej, jak i w wysokiej teperaturze. Badania metalograficzne wykazały, że w wyniku dużych odkształceń plastycznych, niszczących warstwę tlenków na powierzchni wiórów i umożliwiających dyfuzyjny transport materii orzymano materiał niemal całkowicie pozbawiony nieciągłości. Gęstości względne kompozytów po wciskaniu na gorąco osiągają wartości powyżej 98%.
EN
Analysis of the infuence of the hardening phase introduced into the chips Al, Pa2 and PA6 creating a matrix and parameters of composite producing process upon their mechanical properties.
11
Aluminium base composites for high temperature application.
Gronostajski J., Matuszak A., Marciniak H., Samuel M.
Inżynieria Materiałowa
|
1998
|
R. XIX, nr 4
750-735
EN
In this paper is presented the method of manufacturing of composites characterized by good mechanical properties at high temperature by direct recycling of aluminium chips with ferro-chromium powder as reinforcing phase.
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