Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Building Self-Confidence by Using a Sports Bra as an Everyday Bra - a Study Based on Pressure Analysis

Ocran Francisca Margarita, Ji Xiaofen, Zhai Lina

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2023

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Vol. 31, no. 4

1--9

EN

Women often use sports bras when doing physical activities, but most women have recently shown interest in using sports bras as everyday bras. Therefore, this study used pressure analysis to identify a suitable sports bra that generates less pressure at the shoulder strap for all breast sizes. Among fashion design and engineering students, an interview was conducted at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. Based on this random survey, women found more comfort in using sports bras as everyday bras, but the shoulder strap and waistband prevented them from doing it regularly. Therefore, this study emphasized only the shoulder straps because it was the most uncomfortable feature among others. More attention needs to be made to the strap width and neckline when selecting a sports bra because when it comes to females with breast sizes 34C and 36C, encapsulation types with cross-back designs are suitable. However, we noticed that the shoulder straps should be widened based on breast size. The encapsulation type with a racer back is recommended for women with breast size 38C.

2

A kinematic analysis of the basketball shot performance: impact of distance variation to the basket

França Cíntia, Gouveia Élvio Rúbio, Coelho-E-Silva Manuel J., Gomes Beatriz B.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 1

159--166

EN

The aim of the current study was to examine the variation on the kinematic parameters in the basketball shot associated with the shooting distance. Methods: Twenty-seven female adolescent basketball players aged 12.1 ± 0.9 years completed 10 BS trials from a frontal position of 4.75 m and 5.75 m from the basket. Nine anatomical markers were placed on the participants’ dominant side to assess the kinematic variables. The following variables were analyzed: angle, velocity, and height at ball release; centre of mass horizontal displacement and maximum height attained; maximum hip height and hip height at release; shoulder, elbow, and knee angular position and velocity at ball release; deepest knee flexion during the preparatory phase; the peak of the angular velocity of the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints. Results: At release, the angle decreased while velocity increased significantly at 5.75 m. During the release, greater shoulder flexion and increased joint (shoulder and knee) angular velocity were observed. The deepest knee flexion and the centre of mass horizontal displacement were accentuated at 5.75 m. The ball release occurred before the peak of the jump phase. Conclusions: To compensate for the long ball trajectory to the basket, participants perform a set of adjustments in the body segmental organization to increase the ball velocity at release. The coaches’ feedback should focus on the shooting arm’s positioning and in the jump phase (to jump as close to vertical as possible). Also, a consistent shooting technique should be acquired close to the basket before expanding the shooting range.

3

Female migrants - the issues of advancing age

Nova Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 151

493--500

EN

Purpose: The paper addresses the subject of female migrants who are on the threshold of old age or already old, and who live in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. The author attempted to depict the process of aging through the eyes of the female migrants themselves, persons concerned with the migrants and the professional community as such. The effort was supposed to disclose specific features of women’s life. Design/methodology/approach: The background research applied the qualitative method and the relevant information was obtained using the technique of interviews. Our research was built on hypothesis that the elderly female migrants will constitute (and in fact already constitute) a fast growing group of population. This hypothesis is supported by statistical data on naturalized migrants and on their changing age patterns. Though the elderly migrants are still few in numbers when compared with the overall number of newly coming immigrants, they should be paid closer attention by government agencies and the non-profit sector and the attention should encompass both the conceptual framework and the practical aspects. Media attention, previously devoted to the elderly migrants, is now distracted by the themes of global migration and by the predicament of refugees. Findings: Their advanced age disadvantages the elderly on the labor market despite the qualifications and a vast pool of professional experience that they gained during their stay in the host country. Pushed by their precarious economic situation and an inborn cast of mind, the people remain active, and even as seniors they seek new jobs, often beneath their qualifications. Research limitations/implications: As the female participants in our research told us, throughout their entire stay in emigration they were feeling guilty toward the people they left back home while themselves were privileged with a life of better quality abroad. These observations testify to the importance of psychological and social assistance that should be provided by the receiving country. Practical implications: Asked about their plans for returning to the home country, the women expressed worries about getting only low pensions because of the insufficient number of years worked there. Social implications: Though we think it important to highlight the painful experiences of migrants, our research results by no means indicate that the women perceive themselves as "victims". On the contrary, the research painted a picture of exceptionally strong and determined ladies. We believe that the stories and reflections of our research participants can be very useful for the receiving country and more than interesting for many persons coming into contact with immigrants - employyers, regional administrators and the public generally. Originality/value: The situation mentioned above is influenced by the short history of migration to the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. Making just a slight simplification we can say that the age of retirement is reached chiefly by women who arrived to the newly reestablished democracies in the early waves of immigrants after 1989. Having the opportunity of dealing with female migrants in detail, we have also tried to identify the pitfalls (long-time hidden) of the currently applied integration policies.

4

Functional movement screening as a predictor of injury in highly trained female’s martial arts athletes

Yacine Zenati, Othmane Benbernou, Adel Belkadi, Mohamed Sebbane, Aabdelkader Benchehida, Cherara Lalia

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2020

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nr 2(71)

67--74

EN

Objective. This research examines the emerging role of FMS™ in the context of predicting lower extremity injury in females University athletes. The secondary purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between FMS performance comparisons between three martial arts sports to establish baseline comparisons. Method. Forty-seven university female athletes were recruited for this study, The data collected was separated into three groups based on their sports discipline (judo N=17 age: 19}4, wrestling N=15 age: 18}5, karate N=15 age: 19}3), Independent t-tests were performed on each group with significance being set at P<0.05 to determine difference in FMS™ scores between injured and non injured athletes during the successive competitive seasons. One-way analyses of variances were used to determine if there was a significant difference between sports, ‘body parts injured’ groups, and ‘mechanisms of injury’ groups. Results. One-way analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant difference between the two (ankle, knee) injury groups, and non-injury group (F2,54= 2.34; p=0.106). There was no statistical difference between the pre-season FMS™ scores of the injured and non-injured groups (t47 = -1.68; P=.100; d=0.52; 95%CI: -0.11, 1.15). Finally, strong evidence of FMS score was found when comparing the three sports with one-way ANOVAs (F=5.83, df= 2, 54, p=0.005). Conclusion. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that FMS™ has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying lower extremity injury in female athletes. Further investigation and experimentation into FMS™ are strongly recommended before implementing them into a pre-participation physical examination (PPE) for combat sports. What is now needed is a cross-national study involving other sports.

PL

Cel. Celem badania jest analiza rozwijającej się roli FMS™ w kontekście przewidywania kontuzji kończyn dolnych u zawodniczek uniwersyteckich. Drugim celem niniejszego badania jest zbadanie rożnic pomiędzy wynikami FMS w trzech dyscyplinach sportow walki w celu wyznaczenia porownań bazowych. Metoda. Na potrzeby badania rekrutowano czterdzieści siedem zawodniczek uniwersyteckich. Zebrane dane podzielono na trzy grupy na podstawie ich dyscypliny sportowej (judo N=17 wiek: 19}4, zapaśniczki N=15 wiek:18}5, karate N=15 wiek:19}3). Dla każdej grupy przeprowadzono niezależne t-testy, ktorych istotność została ustalona na poziomie P<0,05 w celu określenia rożnicy w punktacji FMS™ pomiędzy zawodniczkami kontuzjowanymi i nie kontuzjowanymi w kolejnych sezonach zawodow. Jednokierunkową analizę wariancji wykorzystano do określenia, czy istnieje znacząca rożnica pomiędzy sportem, pomiędzy częściami ciała w grupach urazowych oraz pomiędzy mechanizmami grup urazowych. Wyniki. Jednokierunkowa analiza wariancji nie wykazała statystycznie istotnej rożnicy między dwiema grupami urazow (kostka, kolano), a grupą nieurazową (F2,54= 2,34; p=0,106). Nie było statystycznej rożnicy między punktacją przed sezonem FMS™ dla grupy urazowej i nieurazowej (t47 = -1,68; P=,100; d=0,52; 95%CI: -0,11, 1,15). Ponadto, podczas porownywania trzech sportow z jednokierunkowymi testami ANOVA znaleziono mocne dowody potwierdzające uzyskane wyniki FMS (F=5,83, df= 2, 54, p=0,005). Wnioski. Jednym z ważniejszych wnioskow płynących z badania jest fakt, że FMS™ stał się potężnym narzędziem do identyfikacji urazow kończyn dolnych u kobiet-sportowcow. Dalsze badania i eksperymenty z FMS™ są zdecydowanie zalecane przed wdrożeniem ich do sprzętu ochrony indywidualnej przeznaczonego do sportow walki. Obecnie konieczne jest przeprowadzenie ponadnarodowego badania obejmującego inne dyscypliny sportowe.

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Power–velocity relationship and muscular strength in female volleyball players during preparatory period and competition season

Buśko Krzysztof

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 2

31--36

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate changes of power–velocity relationship and muscular strength of female volleyball players during preparatory period and competition season. Methods: The study was conducted on eleven female volleyball players: age 21.6 ± 1.7 years, body height 177.9 ± 4.7 cm, body mass 71.3 ± 6.6 kg. Power–velocity relationship was determined by means of five maximal 10-second cycloergometer efforts with external loads equal to: 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% of body weight (BW). The joint torque of flexors and extensors of an elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and trunk was measured using a torque meter. The measurement were taken before (I) and after (II) the preparatory period, after the first (III) and second (IV) competitive season. Results: The power with a load equal to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0% BW increased significantly after first and second competitive season. The sums of joint torque for the lower and upper limb changed insignificantly. In the case of the right upper limb, sum of the joint torques was significantly reduced by 9.5% between measurement I and IV. Sum of the left upper limb was significantly decreased by 9.8% between measurement I and II. Sum of the joint torque of the trunk was significantly increased between measurements I and II, III and IV by 12.9%, 12.3% and 11.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Obtained results may suggest that selection of the training loads was adequate for training power output and muscle strength of lower limbs but too little emphasis was placed on development of strength in the muscles of the upper limbs.

6

Szpala Agnieszka

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 4

139--146

EN

Increased reaction time and asymmetrical force generation in muscles may elevate the risk of falling among seniors. Therefore, it seems useful to analyze the symmetry of strength and amplitude parameters that evaluate neuromuscular control. The aim of the study was to evaluate force parameters for the quadriceps and biceps femoris muscles in young and older women performing maximal voluntary contraction. Methods: Fifty women (1 group in their twenties and the other in their sixties) participated in the study. The study used surface electromyography methodology and measured peak torque under static conditions. Electromyographic signals and peak torque were recorded separately in knee extensors and flexors of the right and left lower limbs after a visual signal. The following parameters were selected for analysis: 1) maximum the electromyographic amplitude signal; 2) peak torque; 3) rate of torque development; 4) relative force; and 5) “flexor–extensor” ratio. Results: The analysis demonstrated a decrease in the values of all parameters in the elderly group and symmetry in EMG amplitude in both the younger and older women. Asymmetry was found in the group of elderly women for peak torque and the relative force for knee flexors and “flexor–extensor” ratio. Conclusions: The decline in values of force parameters in knee flexors and their asymmetry (not extensors) revealed in the elderly group might prove an important factor in the assessment of risk factors for falling among the elderly.

7

Symmetry of proprioceptive sense in female soccer players

Iwańska D., Karczewska M., Madej A., Urbanik Cz.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2015

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Vol. 17, no. 2

155--163

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the symmetry of proprioceptive sense among female soccer players when trying to reproduce isometric knee extensions (right and left) and to analyze the impact of a given level of muscle force on proprioception. Methods: The study involved 12 soccer players aged 19.5 ± 2.65 years. Soccer players performed a control measurement of a maximum 3s (knee at the 90°) position in the joint. Subsequently, 70%, 50%, and 30% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were all calculated and then reproduced by each subject with feedback. Next, the players reproduced the predefined muscle contraction values in three sequences: A – 50%, 70%, 30%; B – 50%, 30%, 70%; C – 70%, 30%, 50% of MVC without visual control. Results: In every sequence, the participants found obtaining the value of 30% of MVC the most difficult. The value they reproduced most accurately was 70% of MVC. Both trial II and trial III demonstrated that the symmetry index SI significantly differed from values considered acceptable (SIRa). In each successive sequence the largest asymmetry occurred while reproducing the lowest values of MVC (30%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: High level of prioprioceptive sense is important to soccer players due to the extensive overload associated with dynamics stops or changes in direction while running. Special attention should be paid to develop skills in sensing force of varying levels. It was much harder to reproduce the predefined values if there was no feedback.

8

Electromechanical delay of abdominal muscles is modified by low back pain prevention exercise

Szpala A., Rutkowska-Kucharska A., Drapala J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 3

95--102

EN

The objective of the research was to assess the effect of a 4-week-long training program on selected parameters: electromechanical delay (EMD) and amplitude of electromyographic signal (EMG). Fourteen female students of the University School of Physical Education participated in the study. Torques and surface electromyography were evaluated under static conditions. Surface electrodes were glued to both sides of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles. The 4-week-long program was aimed at strengthening the abdominal muscles and resulted in increased EMD during maximum torque production by flexors of the trunk, increased amplitudes of the signals of the erector spinae (p = 0.005), and increased EMG amplitude asymmetry of the lower (p = 0.013) and upper part (p = 0.006) of the rectus abdominis muscle. In a training program composed of a large number of repetitions of strength exercises, in which the training person uses their own weight as the load (like in exercises such as curl-ups), the process of recruitment of motor units is similar to that found during fatiguing exercises and plyometric training.

9

Somatotype : variables related to muscle torque and power output in female volleyball players

Buśko K., Lewandowska J., Lipińska M., Michalski R., Pastuszak A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2013

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Vol. 15, no. 2

119--126

EN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between somatotype, muscle torque, maximal power output and height of rise of the body mass centre measured in akimbo counter movement jump (ACMJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and spike jump (SPJ), and power output measured in maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts in female volleyball players. Fourteen players participated in the study. Somatotype was determined using the Heath–Carter method. Maximal muscle torque was measured under static conditions. Power output was measured in 5 maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts, 10 s each, at increasing external loads equal to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5% of body weight (BW). All jump trials (ACMJ, SPJ and CMJ) were performed on a force plate. The mean somatotype of volleyball players was: 4.9-3.5-2.5. The value of the sum of muscle torque of the left upper extremities was significantly correlated only with mesomorphic component. Mesomorphic and ectomorphic components correlated significantly with values of maximal power measured during ACMJ and CMJ. Power output measured in maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts at increasing external loads equal to 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of BW was significantly correlated with endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy.

10

Female characteristics and breeding success of the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis (Temm., 1815) in natural forest (Białowieża Forest, East Poland)

Mitrus C.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 2

225-231

EN

The relation between Collared Flycatcher females' selected characteristics (age, body condition and wing length) and breeding success was studied during seven breeding seasons (1995-2001) in nest-boxes in old-growth oak-lime-hornbeam of Białowieża Forest (Eastern Poland). Yearling females started laying almost three days later and produced smaller clutches (6,1 vs. 6,4 eggs) with fewer nestlings (5,4 vs. 6,1) and fledglings (5,1 vs. 5,7) than did older females. No differences were found in partial losses (i.e. proportion of eggs or nestlings that did not fledge). Body condition had influence only on time of egg laying. Wing length of young females was positively correlated with number of fledglings but no relations were found with other reproductive parameters. Age may be a key factor influencing breeding success in female Collared Flycatchers in the natural conditions in Białowieża Forest.