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Changes in the Quality of Vegetation Cover and Soil of Pastures in Semi-Deserts of West Kazakhstan, Depending on the Grazing Methods

Nasiyev Beybit, Shibaikin Vladimir, Bekkaliyev Askhat, Zhanatalapov Nurbolat Z., Bekkaliyeva Aidyn

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

50--60

EN

The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of grazing methods on the indicators of vegetation and soil cover of pastures located in the semi-desert zone in the West of Kazakhstan. The experiment was carried out on 3 pastures with different grazing methods, and a reference plot with no grazing served as a control variant. Transects measuring 100*50 m were laid on pastures, where all regime observations of herbage indicators were carried out. Soil samples were taken in layers of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm with 3-fold repetition. The lowest indicators of yield (0.38 t/ha), projective coverage (45%), species composition (12 pieces), and herbage height (22 cm) were established on pastures with intensive grazing. Intensive grazing also reduced the quality of the soil, where a low content (0.83 percent) and reserves of humus (34.19 t/ha) and phosphorus (0.65 mg/100g) were found, and the soil compacted to 1.38 g/cm3, its structure decreased to 53.15%, the soil degraded to the 3rd degree and became moderately solonetzic. High values of vegetation and soil cover indicators were obtained on pastures with rotational grazing. In the rotational grazing variant, the yield difference compared to the control variant amounted to 0.41 t/ha, and the yield of feed units (0.07 t/ha), digestible protein (0.011 t/ha), and exchange energy (1.08 GJ/ha) had increased. A higher content of available phosphorus (0.95 mg/100g of soil), agronomically valuable structural aggregates (67.55%), a looser density (1.24 g/cm3), and weak salinity were found in the soil cover of rotational grazing pastures.

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Effect of frequency at which herbage left ungrazed by cows is cut on the feed value of the legume-grass sward under organic management

Gaweł E., Nędzi M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 59, nr 3

50--55

EN

The aim of the study carried out on an organically farmed field was to estimate the impact of pasture management that included cutting of ungrazed plants on the feeding value of a mixed legume-grass sward. The feeding value of the mixture was assessed in a single-factor experiment which comprised 4 dates on which ungrazed plants were cut (left uncut, cut after the 1st grazing event, cut after the last grazing event, cut after each grazing event). Failure to mow ungrazed plants was found to have a negative impact on forage quality, to lower its energy content and protein value, decrease digestibility, increase filling value and fiber content of fodder. It also promoted weed infestation of the sward and increased the percentage of aged vegetation which is of little use in cattle feeding. In order to obtain a good quality sward of a legume-grass mixture it is necessary to cut the uneaten plants at least once during the grazing season.

PL

Celem badań zrealizowanych na polu ekologicznym była ocena wpływu pielęgnacji pastwiska polegająca na koszeniu niedojadów na wartość pokarmową runi bobowatych drobnonasiennych z trawami. Wartość pokarmową mieszanki oceniono w doświadczeniu dwuczynnikowym, gdzie pierwszym czynnikiem były 4 terminy koszenia niedojadów (bez koszenia niedojadów; koszenie niedojadów po 1 wypasie; koszenie niedojadów po ostatnim wypasie; koszenie niedojadów po każdym wypasie a drugim wypasy runi). Stwierdzono, że zaniechanie koszenia niedojadów niekorzystnie wpływa na jakości paszy, obniża wartość energetyczną, białkową i strawność paszy, zwiększa wartość wypełnieniową i zawartość włókna w paszy. Ponadto prowadzi do nadmiernego zachwaszczenia runi oraz nagromadzenia w niej pozostałości starej roślinności mało przydatnej w żywieniu krów. Uzyskanie dobrej jakości runi pastwiskowej z bobowatych drobnonasiennych z trawami zapewnia co najmniej jednorazowe w sezonie wegetacyjnym koszenie niedojadów.

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Uwarunkowanie optymalnych warunków dosuszania powiędniętej zielonki

Budyn P., Zathej B., Cichanowski W.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2005

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R. 9, nr 10

33--40

PL

Analizując przyczyny obniżki wartości paszowych siana, przygotowanego tradycyjną metodą suszenia zielonki w polu, to uwidacznia się, przewaga metody dosuszania powiędniętej zielonki aktywnym ich wentylowaniem podgrzanym powietrzem. Za kryterium optymalizacji parametrów rozprowadzenia w pryzmie zielonki podgrzanego powietrza przyjęto przytoczone w badaniach przykłady. Uwarunkowano najbardziej optymalne parametry dosuszania powiędniętych zielonek, które zabezpieczają przygotowane siana wysokiej jakości, powodując minimalne straty składników pokarmowych.

EN

The analysis of reasons for reduced feed value of hay prepared using conventional method for drying green forage in the field proves prevalence of the method for drying up partially withered green forage by active ventilation with preheated air. Examples quoted in the research were taken as a criterion for optimization of parameters for preheated air distribution in the green forage pile. Most optimal parameters for drying up partially withered green forage were conditioned, which ensure preparation of high quality hay, giving minimum nutrient losses.