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1

Age, growth and reproductive biology of the saddled seabream (Oblada melanura) in the North Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean

Daban Ismail Burak, Ismen Ali, Ihsanoglu Mukadder Arslan, Cabbar Koray

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 1

13--22

EN

This study determines the length distribution, length–weight relationship, age, growth parameters, mortality rate, sex ratios, length at first maturity and reproduction of saddled seabream (Oblada melanura) collected monthly by fishermen around the Northern Aegean Sea between November 2017 and October 2018. The length–weight relationship was calculated as W=0.0091×L 3.11 (R 2=0.95) and positive allometric growth was found. The condition factor and GSI varied between 0.81–1.58 and 0.01–9.61, respectively. The spawning season extended from May to July and peaked in June. Total lengths at 50% maturity were 18.97 cm for males and 18.83 cm for females. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were: L∞ =29.91 cm, K =0.27 per year, t0=−0.82 year and age varied between 1 and 8. The instantaneous rates of total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) were 1.36 and 0.58 per year, respectively. Rates for fishing mortality F and exploitation E were 0.78 and 0.57 per year, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity (F) was 117 075±23 243 oocytes, ranging from 19130 to 470 132.

2

Reproductive biology of the black-striped pipefish Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827 (Pisces: Syngnathidae) in the Aegean Sea of Turkey

Taylan B., Tatarhan G. E., Aksoy O., Culha M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 1

67--74

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the reproductive biology of Syngnathus abaster – a species distributed in Çandarli Bay. For this purpose, seine nets were collected from a depth of 0.5–2 m in 15 minute periods between April 2013 and March 2014, and a total of 185 individuals were sampled. It has been determined that 94 individuals (50.81%) were females, 79 were males (42.70%) and 12 were immature (6.49%). The sex ratio was 1:0.84. The average length values in female, male and immature individuals were 111.5 ± 7.35, 109.9 ± 11.08 and 79.8 ± 5.30 mm, respectively. The maximum mean surface water temperature is in spring and summer seasons. When Gonadosomatic Index (GSI%) values were examined, the spawning period of the species was indicated as spring and summer. Three groups of species were identified as maturing (diameter: 0.61–1.20 mm), mature (diameter: 1.21–1.70 mm) and hydrated oocytes (diameter: 1.71–2.10 mm) in ovaries of female individuals. The number of eggs in the brood pouch of pregnant male fishes was on average 48 (mean ± SD = 48 ± 14.09 eggs, range: 23–78 eggs). The hydrated oocyte/total length relationship was: y = 0.8651x – 84.332 (n = 14, r2 = 0.64) and the number of eggs/total length relationship in the brood pouch of pregnant males was: y = 1.0168x – 67.715 (n = 33, r2=0.58).

3

Clutch size variation in agile frog Rana dalmatica on post-mining areas

Solský M., Smolová D., Doležalová J., Šebková K., Vojar J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 4

789--799

EN

Clutch size is an important life history trait in amphibians, and it varies among and within species, populations and individuals. Within a population, its variation has been attributed to a positive relationship between females’ age or size and their fecundity as well as to spatio-temporal differences in environmental conditions. Therefore, clutch size has been shown to be both spatially and seasonally variable. We examined spatial and seasonal clutch size variation based upon two years of study involving 160 clutches of the Agile Frog Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 in 14 ponds within one spoil bank in the Czech Republic’s North Bohemian brown coal basin. The overall mean clutch size was 1295 (SD 596), which is one of the largest that has been reported. However, both clutch size and its variance differed considerably between the years. Clutch size also varied among the ponds. We found no relationship between clutch size and the distance of a breeding pond from alluvial forest, a typical wintering habitat. Despite existence at the site of many suitable reproduction habitats, the spoil bank does not offer the complex of all habitats needed for persistence of the R. dalmatina population. To protect that population, it is necessary to preserve not only breeding ponds on the spoil bank but also alluvial forest and, most importantly, the connectivity between these two crucial habitats.

4

Biometry and reproductive biology of Pseudonereis anomala Gravier 1901 (Polychaeta: Nereididae) on the Alexandria coast, Egypt

Hamdy R., Dorgham M.M., El-Rashidy H. H., Atta M. M.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (1)

41--58

EN

The biometric characteristics and reproductive biology of the nereid polychaete Pseudonereis anomala were studied monthly from August 2009 to July 2010 at two ecologically different sites (Abu-Qir and El-Mex) on the Alexandria coast, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea. The maximum body length and weight showed different values at the two sites: 9.8 and 11.9 cm, and 0.77 and 1.3 g respectively. The formula of the length-weight relationship indicated allometric growth, whereas the regression equation between length to the 6th segment and weight reflected isometric growth. Immature individuals were the major component of the worm population at the two sites, making up 69.1% at Abu Qir and 66.9% at El Mex; the respective percentages of males and females at these sites were 5.8-8.1% and 22.8-27.3%. Spawning was observed all the year round with female fecundity conspicuously lower at Abu-Qir (annual average: 26556 ± 999 eggs per female) than at El-Mex (annual average: 47955 ± 2916 eggs per female). However, oocyte size was greater at Abu Qir (diameter: up to 250 µm) than at El Mex (diameter: up to 220 µm).

5

Invertebrate reproduction in astatic water bodies : egg number - body weight relationship in Viviparus viviparus (L.) from oxbow lakes

Jakubik B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 2

363-374

EN

Reproduction is the most important factor in population dynamics and invading freshwater habitats by Viviparus viviparus. This is largely associated with ovoviviparity of these snails. Some traits like steered reproduction, the appearance of young snails during the whole year, protection of embryos by female and delayed reproduction were fixed by natural selection as adaptations increasing the chance for progeny survival. In variable habitats like oxbow lakes seasonally joined to the river channel, Viviparidae start reproducing in the early stage of their life hence increasing a chance for population to survive. Studies on fecundity, embryonic development of V. viviparus and the relationships between these parameters and females. body size and weight, were carried out in oxbow lakes periodically connected to the river (the Bug River, Central Poland). The Bug River is one of a few European rivers which preserved their nearly natural character. No larger hydrotechnical works have been made in its valley, therefore, the river flows in a natural, meandering channel and forms numerous oxbow lakes. The surrounding of studied oxbow lakes is flat and of lowland character with mixed land use structure (arable lands, grasslands, settlements). Oxbow lakes are fed by the runoff from flood terrace, hence their waters are more fertile than those of the river. Two lakes were selected: Lake Szumin, area 17 ha, Lake Wywłoka - area 23 ha. Maximum depth of both lakes is ca 3 m. Samples of V. viviparus were collected in the years 2003-2007 with a bottom drag during the successive seasons from five sites in each oxbow lake. The embryos were found in females of the II (8.1-12.0 mm of width and height), III (12.1-20.0 mm width and 12.1-25.0 mm height) and IV (over 25.0 mm height and over 20.0 mm width) size classes. Three developmental stages were distinguished in embryonic growth: the oval transparent egg capsules (called the youngest embryos), egg capsules with visible contour of a shell (called medium embryos) and snails with a shell (the oldest embryos). The youngest growth stages of embryos (in a form of oval transparent egg capsules) dominated in all size classes of females. Medium growth stages (egg capsules with visible outlines of the shell) and the oldest ones (with shell) were represented in smaller proportion. The highest number of the youngest embryos per female were found in females of the II size class. The proportions of the embryo growth stages varied seasonally. The number of embryos per female and the degree of their development increased with the increase of shell (height, width, dry weight) and body (dry weight) parameters. High fecundity of the youngest females of V. viviparus is probably an adaptation to unstable habitat conditions of oxbow lakes.

6

Egg number-female body weight relationship in freshwater snail (Viviparus viviparus L.) population in a reservoir

Jakubik B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 2

325-336

EN

Studies on the fecundity of V. viviparus were carried out in the years 1990-1994 in selected littoral sites of the Zegrzyński Reservoir (Central Poland) (60 km long, mean depth ca. 3.5 m, maximum depth at the dam up to 9 m, mean retention time from 1 to 15 days) and in outflow stretches of its tributaries. All sites were dominated by fertile females (i.e. having embryos) that lived in aggregations. Mean numbers of females ranged between 30 and 250 ind. m[^-2]. Females of III (shells 12.1 - 20.0 mm wide and 12.1 - 25.0 m high) and IV (20.1 - 25.0 mm width and 25.1 - 35.0 mm height) size class dominated. The embryos were noticed in females of II (8.1 - 12.0 mm width and height of the shell), III and IV size class and mean number of embryos per female was from 0.9 to 6.7, from 1.1 to 9.6 and from 2.0 to 9.1 for II, III and IV class respectively. Analysis of embryonic development revealed the presence of three growth stages in oviducts of females: the oval, transparent egg capsules called the youngest embryos), egg capsules with visible contour of a shell (called medium embryos) and snails with a shell (the oldest embryos). Embryos in a form of oval, transparent egg capsules and snails with developed shell dominated in particular size classes in analysed sites. Analysis of the correlation coefficient showed significant positive relationship between the mean sum of embryos and shell height and width, and dry weight of female's body and shell weight. Most significant correlation was found between dry body weight and mean number of embryos. The number of embryos in particular growth stages was also related to biometric indices as shown by the analysis of correlation coefficients. The number of oldest embryos (fully developed snails with a shell) increased with the increase of shell height and width. Female.s dry body weight, on the other hand, was best correlated with the youngest growth stage of embryos (oval, transparent egg capsules). Described relationships indicate the importance of the size of V. viviparus females for reproductive success and for survival and "condition" of young snails.

7

Can velocity affect growth and fecundity of facultative riverine fish species?

Penczak T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 2

357-366

EN

The length and body weight at subsequent annuli of four facultative riverine fish species: roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), bream (Abramis brama L.) and pike (Esox lucius L.) living in lakes and rivers were compared on the basis of published data. Pike grew better in lakes (significant differences in length, and some for weight), but the other species in rivers. However, significant differences between medians were observed in all cases only for body length of roach, in many cases for the length of bream, as well as a few for its weight, and no one for perch. Comparable data on relative fecundity in both habitats were available for roach and pike. Pike females produced more eggs in lakes, but roach - in rivers, and the differences were significant.

8

Reproductive pattern of Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus 1758) (Gastropoda, Viviparidae) from littoral aggregations in a through-flow reservoir (Central Poland)

Jakubik Beata

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

39-55

EN

Reproductive pattern of V. viviparus was studied in the years 1990-1994. The study was carried out in selected sites of the Zegrzyński Reservoir (Central Poland) and in outlet zones of its tributaries. Distinct prevalence of females over males was found. Sex ratio varied seasonally. In spring the percentage of females was the highest and decreased later on. In spring, reservoir sites were dominated by females of the III (12.1-25.0 mm width and 12.1-20.0 mm height ) and IV (25.1-35.0 mm width and 20.1-35.0 mm height) size classes and by males of the II (8.1-12.0 mm width and height) and III (12.1-25.0 mm width and 12.1-20.0 mm height ) size classes. In the outflow zones of rivers size distribution was similar. The lowest percentage of the I (shells of the young were < 8.0 mm long and had a hair cover characteristic for young snails) size class was noted in all sites for both sexes. Fertile females dominated in both habitats. In the reservoir their contribution ranged from 50 to 90% and was the highest in spring (c. 60-70%), still increased in summer (to c. 80-90%) and decreased in autumn to c. 50%. Mean number of embryos per female in the reservoir varied between 1.3 and 10.0 with the maximum recorded number of 35 embryos. In the outlet zones of rivers (where snail density was higher than in the reservoir) a higher percentage of fertile females (over 80%) was noted in both spring and summer. In autumn this percentage decreased to c. 60%. Mean number of embryos per female was also higher there than in the reservoir. It varied between 1.8 and 24.9 with the maximum number of 63 embryos per female. Higher numbers (mean and maximum) of embryos per female in the outlet zones persisted on all sampling occasions. Mean number of embryos increased with the shell size. The results suggest that reproductive pattern is the most influential factor affecting populations of Viviparus. This is mainly associated with the snails. viviparity which results in controlling reproduction, appearance of young all year round and parental care over juveniles.

9

Breeding characteristics of the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) - one of the most abundant goby species in the costal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk region (southern Baltic Sea)

Waligóra-Borek K., Sapota M. R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.4

47--55

EN

The reproduction aspect of the biology of Pomatoschistus minutus was investigated on fish collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk from March to October 2002. The study zone was from the shore to a depth of about 1 m. The sand goby is common in the investigated area from July to October, but it migrates to deeper water in the colder months. The highest numbers of individuals were observed in September. The spawning season of the sand goby in the Gulf of Gdańsk is from April to August. It is so long because this species is batch spawner. The study confirmed a dependence between the HSI and GSI indexes as well as the dependence between relative fecundity and fish length.

10

Ocena wpływu konserwantu E-251 i E-252 na masę ciała, plenność oraz dziedziczenie płci muszki owocowej Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)

Mitrus J., Stankiewicz C., Steć E., Kamecki M., Walo P.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2004

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R. 9, NR 1-2

99--104

PL

W doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym badano wpływ różnych dawek konserwantu E-251 (azotan sodu) oraz E-252 (azotan potasowy) na biologię muszki owocowej. Zastosowano trzy stężenia użytych w eksperymencie dodatków do żywności. Z analizy danych wynika, iż konserwanty te nie wpływały na plenność samic, masę ciała oraz strukturę płci Drosophila melanogaster.

EN

The influence of different doses of additives to food E 251 (sodium nitrate) E 252 (potassium nitrate) on the midge biology was studied in laboratory experiment. Three concentration of applied additives to food was used in experiment. The obtained data have shown that these preservatives not influenced on fecundity of females, body mass and heredity of sex.

11

Wpływ dodatków do żywności (E 330 i E 331) na plenność, liczebność, masę ciała i strukturę płci muszki owocowej Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)

Stankiewicz C., Steć E., Mitrus J., Kamecki M., Walo P.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2001

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R. 6, NR 1-2

55--60

PL

W doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym badano wpływ dodatków do żywności (E 330 oraz E 331) na biologię muszki owocowej. W eksperymencie brano pod uwagę różne stężenia substancji, używanych jako dodatki do żywności. Na podstawie analizy wyników można stwierdzić, iż dodatki te działają hamująco na rozwój owadów badanego szczepu. Może to świadczyć o pewnej toksyczności tych substancji.

EN

In a laboratory experiment effect of additives (E 330, E 331) to food on the midge reproductive biology was examined. Each substance was used in different concentrations. The additives to food inhibited development of the midge that propably demonstrates the toxic character of these substances.

12

Reaction of phenotypes of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and T. confusum (Duval) to changes in their diet

Prus T., Bijok P., Prus M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 3

195-207

EN

Comparison was made of reactions of two species: Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) - strain cl and T. confusum (Duval) - strain bIV and their two phenotypes characterised by different number of instars during development (6- and 7-instar) in each species to two diets: wheat flour with yeast (standard medium) and flour without yeast (altered medium). Medium deprived of yeast did not affect substantially survival of phenotypic groups of both species during embryonic and larval development. Lack of yeast in the diet significantly decreased fecundity (especially in T. castaneum), increased oxygen consumption mainly in larval stages, and increased body calorific value (stronger in T. confusum), decreased reproductive effort (stronger in T. castaneum). Lack of yeast in diet caused decrease in energy expenditure for maturation in T. confusum (with much smaller effect in T. castaneum). There was no significant difference in reaction to diet change in the two phenotypes within both strains.

13

Response of stored product pest life strategy to chemical treatment : effect of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on Tribolium strains (T.castaneum herbst and T. confusum Duval)

Prus M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1998

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Vol. 46, no 1

13-22

EN

The experiments were carried out on two strains: cl of Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) and bIV of T. confusum Duval. in medium enriched by yeast using tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as the controling factor. Within these two species two groups of 6- and 7- instar individuals were discerned. The developmental time and survival of T. confusum population is depressed stronger than those of T. castaneum. There are no differences between 6- and 7-instar groups in response to various concentration of TCP. The results obtained for fecundity showed that this trait is more restricted in T. castaneum than in T. confusum. Hatchability in all experiments was similar.

14

Effect of temperature on the soil nematode Cephalobus persegnis in a laboratory culture

Makarevskaja Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1998

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Vol. 46, no 2

197-205

EN

Soil nematodes Cephalobus persegnis (Bastian 1865) originating from a laboratory culture maintained at 20 stopni C cultured for three successive generations at 15 stopni C, 21 stopni C, or 15/21 stopni C for 12 hours in each temperature. Transfer of the nematodes to 15 stopni C markedly depressed their fecundity and growth of F1 worms. In next generations fecundity restored while size of the nematodes increased significantly. Similar though less pronounced changes were observed also at 15/21 stopni C. No marked changes were found at 21 stopni C. The temperature the nematodes were cultured at did not influence their respiration rate measured at 21 stopni C. The latter depended on the weight of the nematodes.

15

Ocena wpływu związków powierzchniowo czynnych zawartych w wybranych płynach do mycia naczyń na rozwój, plenność i masę ciała muszki owocowej DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Mitrus J., Stankiewicz C., Steć E.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1998

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Vol. 5, nr 5-6

451-462

PL

W trzyletnim doświadczeniu (1994-1997) laboratoryjnym badano wpływ detergentów zawartych w płynach Ludwik, Kop, Floren, Brio, Sunlicht i E na biologię muszki owocowej. W eksperymencie brano pod uwagę dwa stężenia każdego z płynów. Z analizy danych wynika, iż detergenty z płynów Floren i Brio działają hamująco na rozwój owadów badanego szczepu. Może to świadczyć o pewnej toksyczności tych płynów.

EN

In the three-year (1995-1997) laboratory experiment effect of detergents from cleaning liquids Ludwik, Kop, Floren, Brio, Sunlicht and E on the midge reproductive biology was examined. Each liquid was used in two concentrations. The detergents from liquids Floren and Brio inhibited development of midge that probably demanstrates the toxic character of these liquids.