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Dobór diod zabezpieczających w falownikach silników BLDC z elektronicznym bocznikowaniem części uzwojenia

Fręchowicz A.

Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe

2012

Nr 3(96)

49-55

Some drive systems with PM excited motors use two zones of rotational speed control. Smooth transition from "constant torque" zone to "constant power" zone is achieved by either weakening PM field Or by gradual switching off (shunting) of parts of winding with the help of power electronics elements (IGBT transistors). The second method of speed control may be especially useful in those PM motor drives, where small rotor inertia is required or where application of IPM rotors (permanent magnets inset into rotor iron) might be difficult (disc rotors, motors with rotating external excitation). In those machines we use magnets glued onto rotor surface, and this results in rapid decrease of motor's maximum torque during field weakening. If we look at a motor dedicated to operation with parts of the winding shunted, the terminal box exhibits Tyree terminals, representing armature winding beginning, end and midpoint. Midpoints and endpoints may be shortcircuited with transistors and therefore star-connected armature bands may exhibit more or less turns. During start-up and at low rotating speeds, lower group transistors operate (those are transistors short-circuiting bands' endpoints). The motor operates in a way identical to standard brushless dc motor (BLDC). At high rotating speeds, the bands' midpoints start to become short-circuited by upper group transistors and this results in further increase of rotor speed. Application of transistors makes transition from motor mode of operation to recuperative braking operations more complex. Different variants of drives are described in the paper, all drives making possible kraking accompanied by energy recuperation into the supply source. It has been proved that in some circuits some part of conducting current is taken over by backward diodes. In order to select these diodes properly, one must be aware of magnitude of this current. The paper demonstrates how to evaluate this current.