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Studies of selected tribological characteristics of spiroid gears in the aspect of molecular-mechanical theory of friction

Mazurkow Aleksander, Homik Wojciech

Transport Problems

2025

T. 20, z. 1

5--16

Spiroid gears are used in various machine drive systems in the automotive and aviation industries. They are characterised by their small size and ability to achieve high gear ratios while maintaining the positioning accuracy of the driven device. This type of gear can operate continuously or at intervals. During the operation at intervals, dry friction can occur between the mating surfaces of the face wheel teeth and the worm threads. The load, geometry and geometrical structure of the mating surfaces and the materials used determine the operation of a gear under dry friction conditions. Determining the parameters associated with dry friction provides an opportunity to develop and calculate gear characteristics, which translates into improved durability and reliability. The paper presents analyses of loads and the normal stress state in the meshing of the worm and face wheel. The authors used Hertz’s theory in their study of the contact between the surfaces of the worm thread and the face wheel tooth. Static friction was analysed in the aspect of the molecular-mechanical theory of friction. The results are presented in the form of diagrams and tables describing the effect of the torque on the friction coefficient, maximum Hertzian pressures and maximum tangential stresses, as well as deformations in the contact zone between the worm and the face wheel. The results indicate that the contact stress state significantly affects selected gear performance parameters, including the friction coefficient.

Operation of a spiroid gear under elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions

Mazurkow Aleksander, Homik Wojciech

Transport Problems

2024

T. 19, z. 3

141--153

Spiroid gears are used in the drive systems of various types of vehicles and devices. They are characterised by small overall dimensions and significant rotational speed reduction while maintaining the high positioning accuracy of the driven device. Spiroid gears require a lot of lubrication with oils, which separate the mating parts. In the case of spiroid gears, they separate the face wheel teeth and the worm thread. The resulting oil film reduces the coefficient of friction and lowers the temperature of the mating surfaces. The modelling of toothed rim lubrication is a complex problem. To separate the surface of the face wheel mating and the worm, one needs to consider the phenomena of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and tooth deformation. The formation of an elastohydrodynamic oil film of an appropriate height is determined by the type of oil, the mechanical properties of the worm and face wheel materials, relative speed, load and the geometry of the mating surfaces. The issues described in this paper significantly affect the correct operation of gears and have not yet been fully understood for spiroid gears. This paper presents the results of a study on the properties of the elastohydrodynamic oil film and describes its characteristics, with the unknown quantity being the rotational speed of the input shaft that ensures that the oil film separates the mating toothed rims. The calculation results were compared with those of other researchers. The obtained design recommendations can help designers improve the durability and reliability of spiroid gears.