Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Technologia CyberOko do diagnozy, rehabilitacji i komunikowania się z pacjentami niewykazującymi oznak przytomności

Czyżewski Andrzej, Odya Piotr, Szczuko Piotr, Kostek Bożena, Kwiatkowska Agnieszka, Lech Michał, Kucewicz Michał

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

|

2022

|

nr 3

60--69

PL

CyberOko jest rozwiązaniem opracowanym w Politechnice Gdańskiej, które umożliwia nawiązanie kontaktu i pracę z osobami głęboko upośledzonymi komunikacyjnie. W sposób inteligentny śledzi ruch gałek ocznych, dzięki czemu umożliwia rehabilitację i ocenę stanu świadomości pacjenta nawet w stanie całkowitego porażenia. Rozwiązanie obejmuje także analizę fal EEG, obiektywne badanie słuchu i badanie sygnałów z macierzy elektrod wszczepianych w głąb ludzkiego mózgu. Wspomaga komunikację z pacjentami niewykazującymi oznak przytomności i ich dalszą rehabilitację sposobami umożliwiającymi pokonanie istotnych ograniczeń, jakie mają metody i technologie będące w powszechnym użyciu, tzn. subiektywne skale ocen pacjentów (np. ocena w skali GCS – Glasgow Conciousness Scale), badanie procesów pamięciowych wewnątrz mózgu ludzkiego. Wdrożone urządzenie jest często jedyną szansą dla osoby chorej (np. w stanach podobnych do śpiączki, w przetrwałym stanie wegetatywnym, osoby sparaliżowanej, bez możliwości mówienia), aby mogła ona wyrazić swoje potrzeby.

EN

CyberOko (CyberEye) is a pioneering solution developed at the Gdansk University of Technology enabling contact and work with people with profound communication disabilities. It intelligently tracks eye movements, allowing for rehabilitation and assessment of the patient's state of consciousness even in a state of profound paralysis or locked-in syndrome. The technology engineered also includes the analysis of EEG waves, objective hearing testing, and examination of signals from an array of electrodes implanted deep into the human brain. It supports communication with unconscious patients and their further rehabilitation by means that overcome significant limitations of the methods and technologies in common use, i.e. subjective patient rating scales such as, e.g., Glasgow Conciousness Scale (GCS), study of memory processes inside the human brain. The device implemented is often the only chance for the sick person (e.g., in coma-like states, in a persistent vegetative state, paralyzed, unable to speak) to express their needs.

2

Effect of smooth eye tracking in different patterns on results of the modified Clinical Balance Sensory Integration Test in healthy young adults

Wójtowicz Sebastian, Łakoma Aleksandra, Ferenc Aneta, Daniluk Anna, Wiaderna Karolina, Hadamus Anna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2022

|

Vol. 24, no. 4

57--64

EN

The aim of the study was to determine whether eye tracking of a point moving in different directions influences balance test performance in young healthy subjects. Methods: The study enrolled 45 healthy young adults aged 19–26. Balance assessment was carried out according to the modified Clinical Balance Sensory Integration Test protocol using the Biodex Balance System with an additional 63” screen to present the eye-tracking task. Each participant repeated measurements in standing on a stable and foam surface in six test conditions: two without eye tracking with eyes open and eyes closed, and four with eye tracking: with vertical, horizontal, star, and circle moving point. Each trial lasted 30 sec. Results: Regression analysis for the Sway Index showed that there was no impact of eye tracking on test results ( p = 0.4326), although detailed analysis showed a significant impact of tracking a point moving in a circle in standing on a foam surface ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The presented results show that eye-tracking does not influence the results of the balance test with exception of eye-tracking of the circle movement in standing on a foam surface. It suggests that eye movements may affect the test results when performing more difficult balance tests.

3

Sensory processing related to vergence eye movements – an event-related potential study

Przekoracka-Krawczyk A., Wojtczak-Kwaśniewska M., Przekoracka K., Zeri F., Naskręcki R.

Optica Applicata

|

2018

|

Vol. 48, nr 3

463--475

EN

Vergence eye movements, movements executed in opposite directions, have a crucial role in depth perception and are necessary for maintaining proper binocular vision. Despite these facts, the neurophysiological studies of vergence eye movement on humans are rare and give ambiguous results. In the present study, the sensory event-related potentials (ERPs) related to the processing of stimuli called for convergence, divergence and saccade were explored. Sixteen healthy subjects (mean 23 years old) performed reflexive (visually-guided) eye movements and event-related potentials from 64 active electrodes were recorded. The significant preponderance of cortical activity for convergence among three conditions was revealed and it concerned both anterior (larger negativity) and posterior cortex (larger positivity). Here, we also reported the longest latency for convergence. These results may suggest larger cortical representation for stimuli presented in near visual space, thus the preponderance of near cells within cortex, which respond to cross retinal image disparity being a cue for convergence.

4

Cheap and Easy PIN Entering Using Eye Gaze

Kasprowski P., Harężlak K.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio AI, Informatica

|

2014

|

Vol. 14, no. 1

75--84

EN

PINs are one of the most popular methods to perform simple and fast user authentication.PIN stands for Personal Identification Number, which may have any number of digits or even letters.Nevertheless, 4-digit PIN is the most common and is used for instance in ATMs or cellular phones.The main advantage of the PIN is that it is easy to remember and fast to enter. There are, however,some drawbacks. One of them - addressed in this paper - is a possibility to steal PIN by a techniquecalled `shoulder surfing'. To avoid such problems a novel method of the PIN entering was proposed.Instead of using a numerical keyboard, the PIN may be entered by eye gazes, which is a hands-free, easy and robust technique.

5

Saccadometry and LATER model shed light on brain plasticity in aging

Coubard O. A.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

|

2013

|

Vol. 33, no. 2

125--127

EN

As frequency of falls increases in older adults, understanding how motor training programs counteract motor decline is a challenging issue. This study examined ocular saccades to test the effects of fall prevention (FP) on central motor control of older fallers. Saccades were recorded using a saccadometer in twelve participants aged 64–91 years before and after 2.5-month training in FP. We performed LATER analysis enabling us to examine the changes in motor control. FP decreased saccade latency and increased left-right symmetry of motor responses. LATER analysis showed that FP modulated decisional thresholds extending our knowledge of FP influence on motor control.

6

What the future holds for the study of saccades

Zee D. S.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

|

2012

|

Vol. 32, no. 2

65-76

EN

Here we review the state of the art using saccadic eye movements as windows to the function of the normal brain and of the abnormal brain plagued by disease or trauma. By combining sophisticated behavioral paradigms with rigorous mathematical analysis and the latest imaging techniques one can use saccades as biomarkers of the highest level decision making to the lowest level basic machinery that generates premotor saccade commands. As technology advances saccades will become even more useful as immediate monitors of the state of the brain in disease and trauma and as a way to evaluate therapies.

7

System of computer aiding diagnostic of Squint with applyinganalysis of the signal of themove of the eye

Pojda D.

Theoretical and Applied Informatics

|

2008

|

Vol. 20, No. 1

3-14

EN

Squint is one of many conditions in which early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for best outcome. Diagnostic methods used at present in ophthalmology rely largely on the doctor’s experience. The doctor determines the scope of necessary intervention by observing the mobility of the patient’s eyeballs. The perimeter is an essential measuring tool used in the analysis of squint. The perimeter allows eyeball mobility to be evaluated quantitatively. Its drawback, however, is that it requires continuous interaction between the doctor and patient. The purpose of this work is to find new diagnostic techniques, providing equally exact measurements of eyeball movement, while making the whole process automatic. A model of the oculomotoric system is proposed which can be used to describe this system for the purposes of ophthalmology. As the parameters of the model are related to the functional parameters of the extraocular muscles, it is possible to predict changes in eyeball mobility that will result from changes in muscle parameters due to a surgical correction.

PL

Choroba zezowa jest jednym z tych schorzeń, w których wczesna diagnoza i szybkie podjęcie leczenia ma istotne znaczenie dla osiągnięcia najlepszych rezultatów. W artykule przedstawiono założenia dla systemu wspomagającego diagnostykę choroby zezowej opartego na zaproponowanym modelu układu ruchu oka. Wykorzystano w nim model dynamiczny pracy mięśni poruszających gałką oczną. Wprowadzono modyfikacje tego modelu, polegające na uwzględnieniu elementów odpowiadających trójwarstwowej strukturze przetwarzania informacji wizualnej przez mózg. Tak rozbudowany model stanowi narzędzie pozwalające na prowadzenie badań diagnostycznych w chorobie zezowej. Badania takie, z uwagi na dynamiczny charakter zadawanych wymuszeń dają szansę na wykrycie choroby zezowej we wczesnym stadium, zaś ze względu na ich bezinwazyjność i krótki czas prowadzenia badania, mogą one być stosowane jako badania przesiewowe u dużej populacji pacjentów. Wykazano, że wykorzystując model układu okulomotorycznego można uzyskać odpowiedź układu zbliżoną w kształcie do przebiegu sygnału ruchu oka. Modyfikując parametry modelu można wpływać na kształt tego sygnału i w ten sposób starać się określić parametry zabiegu jakiemu należy poddać pacjenta. System, którego założenia przedstawiono w artykule może służyć pomocą˛ okuliście planującemu zabieg korekcji mieśni oka w chorobie zezowej lub pragnącemu zweryfikować wyniki wcześniej wykonanych zabiegów. Może on również być pomocny w szkoleniu młodych lekarzy, pozwalając na bieżącą˛ weryfikacje˛ wyników podejmowanych decyzji. Zawsze jednak ostateczna decyzja i ostateczna odpowiedzialność będzie spoczywała w rękach lekarza. Dlatego też proponowana metoda powinna być traktowana jedynie jako narzędzie wspomagające jego prace˛.

8

Multilayer model of the oculomotoric system for computer based diagnosis of squint

Pojda D., Ober J.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

|

2003

|

Vol. 6

IT79--85

EN

Classical models of the oculomotoric system only represent the relationship between neural stimulation and eye movement. If we cannot determine the neural activity, then classical models prove inapplicable. At this paper we outline a system for simulation of the neural activation signal based on simple visual stimulation. We have used the idea of a multilayer brain structure. Different layers of the brain are responsible for subsequent layers of perception. Measurements made with the OBER2 system allowed us to evaluate the relationship between two signals: visual stimulation presented on the screen and eye movement measured by detectors. Applying the proposed multilayer model to generate a signal that will be the input for classical model of the oculomotoric system should make it possible to estimate some parameters that describe the work of muscles. We do not need to measure neural activity, provided that the neural system is working normally.