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2 2024

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Research and application progress of welding technology under extreme conditions

Xu Ke, Yin Yuxin, Chen Chao

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2024

Vol. 24, no. 3

art. no. e182, 2024

Welding technology plays a critical role in materials joining, especially in the manufacture and maintenance of space stations, ships, and nuclear equipment that operate under extreme conditions. These conditions present researchers with a wide range of research topics. This paper reviews the current research and application progress of welding technology under extreme conditions, such as microgravity, high temperature, and corrosion. Initially, the characteristics of extreme environments are introduced, and the technical bottlenecks faced by current welding technology in extreme environments are analyzed. The comprehensive performance changes of welded structures in these extreme environments are summarized. Subsequently, the influence of extreme environments, such as underwater and space, on the appearance quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties of welded joints is analyzed. The influence mechanism of environmental factors, such as temperature, gravity, pressure, and corrosion, on the performance of joints was elucidated based on typical welding cases of materials and engineering equipment. The various countermeasures studied to overcome the adverse effects of these extreme environments are compared. Finally, the current challenges in welding technology under extreme conditions are summarized and sorted out. The development and research of extreme welding technology in conjunction with engineering application needs are envisioned.

Development of pulse‑electroformed Cu/SiC composite tubes with enhanced mechanical and anti‑corrosion properties

Rai Prince Kumar, Biswal Hrudaya Jyoti, Gupta Ankur

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2024

Vol. 24, no. 1

art. no. e19, 2024

Traditional manufacturing technologies have several limitations to produce precise, small-scale tubular structures while retaining the required functional capabilities. To address this issue, the current work proposes a cost-effective approach for the manufacturing of composite-tubular structures using an “in-house pulse electroforming” setup. With the above-mentioned technique, we have been able to fabricate sustainable composite microtubes with an unprecedented thickness of a mere 20 μm, a feat that has eluded scientific exploration until now. Nanosized SiC particles were also integrated into the Cu matrix to improve the mechanical (via microhardness and compression testing) and corrosion characteristics. The impact of different process variables, such as pulse frequency and duty cycle on surface morphology, microhardness, compression, corrosion, and hydrophobicity were investigated. Cu/SiC microtube exhibits a maximum hardness of 160 HV, which is substantially higher than that of the bare Cu microtubes. The Cu/SiC composite microtubes also exhibit 51% anticorrosion efficiency and approximately two times higher impedance than bare copper microtubes. Furthermore, the compression test confirms the strength of the electroformed Cu/SiC microtubes. Additionally, prediction models for microhardness of structures were developed using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Compared to the ANN model, which produced an R2 value of 0.96, the ANFIS model showed more accurate predictions of microhardness values, with an R2 value of 0.99. This fabrication methodology can be envisioned for developing precise, conductive, and anticorrosive tubular structures for various engineering applications.