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Zastosowanie wskaźników molekularnych do oceny procesów migracji węglowodorów na przykładzie wybranych rop naftowych z dolomitu głównego

Bieleń J.

Nafta-Gaz

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2012

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R. 68, nr 9

585-589

PL

W poszukiwaniach naftowych bardzo istotnym problemem jest określenie kierunków i długości dróg migracji węglowodorów. Na takie pytania można odpowiedzieć, między innymi śledząc zmiany składu molekularnego w próbkach pobieranych z różnych części złoża. Analizowane były składniki lekkich rop i określane ilościowo stosunki wytypowanych związków, wskazujących na zmiany ich koncentracji podczas migracji. Na podstawie wyliczonych wskaźników oraz obserwacji rozkładu metylowych pochodnych karbazolu stwierdzono względnie krótką lateralno-wertykalną drogę migracji rop naftowych ze złoża Sowia Góra-Lubiatów.

EN

In the process of oil research, the crucial concern is the way to define the direction and the length of hydrocarbons migrations paths. This can be solved by following the changes of the molecular composition of the samples taken from different parts of the deposit. Components of light oils were analyzed and the numerical ratio of the selected compounds were determined so as to indicate the changes of their concentration during the migration process. Based on the calculated indicators and observations of the distribution of methyl derivatives of carbazole, lateral/vertical migration pathway was relatively short (for Sowia Góra-Lubiatów crude oils).

2

Burial and thermal history and hydrocarbon generation modelling of the Lower Palaeozoic source rocks in the Kraków–Rzeszów area (SE Poland)

Kosakowski P., Wróbel M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2011

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Vol. 81, No 3

459-471

EN

Burial history, thermal maturity and timing of hydrocarbon generation were modelled for the Ordovician and Silurian source rocks in the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep. 1-D modelling was carried out for wells located in the area between Kraków and Rzeszów cities (SE Poland). The following wells were modelled: Będzienica 2, Hermanowa 1, Nawsie 1, Nosówka 2 and 12, Pilzno 40, and Zawada 8K. The Ordovician and Silurian source rocks, containing oil-prone Type-II kerogen, are generally immature showing less than 0.5% reflectance of vitrinite-like macerals (Ro), in most of the Kraków–Rzeszów area and only in the eastern part the organic matter is early mature, reaching 0.7% equivalent Ro. The highest thermal maturity is found in the eastern part of the study area, near Rzeszów city, where the Lower Palaeozoic strata are buried to the greatest depth. Maturity modelling shows that the source rocks reached the initial phase of the “oil window” only in the eastern part of the area, whereas they are immature in the larger, western portion of the area. In addition, modelling indicates that the onset of petroleum generation started in the late Miocene, after the Outer Carpathian overthrust phase. The generation processes in the eastern part of the analysed area reached the main and late generation phase. The generated hydrocarbons were mostly expelled from the source rocks. In the western part of the study area the generation process has not been initialized.

3

Modelowanie generacji i ekspulsji węglowodorów podłoża mezopaleozoicznego w rejonie Strzelce Wielkie-1

Dudek L.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2002

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nr 116 wyd. konferencyjne

77--82

PL

Podstawowych parametrów geologicznych dla modelowania generacyjnego dostarczyły konstrukcje geotektonicznego rozwoju etapów: dewońskiego, karbońskiego, permsko-triasowego, jurajskiego, kredowego, trzeciorzędowego i czwartorzędowego. Po wytypowaniu skał macierzystych z utworów mezopaleozoicznych, czyli oszacowaniu ilości jak i jakości rozproszonej substancji organicznej oraz jej stopnia dojrzałości termicznej, było wykonanie symulacji komputerowej, dzięki której można było obliczyć stopień i czas przeobrażenia materii organicznej, a w efekcie końcowym ilość i skład wygenerowanych węglowodorów oraz określić w jakim czasie geologicznym miało to miejsce.

EN

The basic parameters for the hydrocarbon generation modeling were obtained from the geotectonic analysis of the following periods: Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous. After selecting the maturity rock form mezzo-Paleozoic period of the Strzelce Wielkie Region and estimating the amount and the quality of the scattered organic substance together with the degree of its thermal maturity, the computer simulation was performed. As the result of the above it was possible to calculate the phase and the time of the organic matter transformation, and to evaluate the final amount and the composition of generated hydrocarbons. It was also possible to estimate the geological time when the above transformation occurred.

4

Rola wody związanej w powstawaniu kolektorów szczelinowatych oraz ekspulsji ropy ze skał macierzystych

Zalajew N. Z.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

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nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

369--373

EN

Part of water within silt rocks, so-called "free water", is squeezed out due to formation pressure. The left one is called "bound water". The bound water can be released from the rock with thermal energy increase, at about 120°C. The water release causes very high pressure (1000-1500 MPa) inside beds. As a result of that a fissured rock creation takes place. An impermeable rock becomes permeable, and the water, which is under very high pressure, move oil out of the source-rock. The bound water released from rocks causes secondary fissured porosity, increment of free water content in the rock as well as generation of an abnormal pressure zone. It also causes the expulsion of oil from the source-rock and initiates an oil migration process.

5

Procesy generowania i ekspulsji węglowodorów – rola siarki organicznej: zastosowanie metody dla potrzeb poszukiwań naftowych

Więcław D., Kotarba M. J., Burzewski W.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

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nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

57--60

EN

Determination of organic sulphur content in kerogen is necessary element for precise assay of its genetic type and for modelling of time position of "oil window" and other hydrocarbon generation phases for individual source rocks during geological development of petroleum basin. Presence of organic sulphur in kerogen within clayey-mudstone Menilite strata of the Flysch Carpathians and carbonate Main Dolomite strata of the Polish Lowlands prove that within these source rocks early process of generation of liquid hydrocarbons on lower stage of kerogen transformation was possible. Up to now this immature kerogen was considered incapable for generation of liquid hydrocarbons. Presence of type II-S kerogen in Menilite strata of Skole unit of the Flysch Carpathians indicates that oil was generated during sedimentation stage of development of basin of the tectonic unit.

6

Potencjał węglowodorowy skał macierzystych i modelowanie generowania i ekspulsji węglowodorów wybranych obszarów Polski

Kotarba M. J.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

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nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

53--56

EN

A study of generation and expulsion processes as well as origin of hydrocarbons in the Polish part of the Carpathian province cover the flysch strata, Miocene strata of the Carpathian Foredeep and Paleozoic - Mesozoic basement. The highest hydrocarbon potential within Skole unit represent Menilite and Spas beds, and Silesian unit Menilite and Vefovice beds. The generation of thermogenic hydrocarbons from Menilite beds took place only in the initial phase at the sedimentation stage. This process did not occur at the orogcnic and post-orogenic stages. In the autochthonous Miocene strata of the Carpathian Foredeep, gas-prone type III kerogen with a rare admixture of algal type II kerogen, occur. The generation of microbial methane and formation of multihorizontal traps within the autochthonous Miocene strata favoured the rhytmic and cyclic deposition of clays and sands and a high rate of their sedimentation. Gaseous hydrocarbons accumulated within Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement of the Flysch Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep were generated during microbial process and a few phases (at least two) of the thermogenic process. The Middle Jurassic mudstone-claystone strata may additionally be the source rock for this oil. Oil accumulated within the Lower Carboniferous carbonates in Nosówka deposit belong to a separate genetic family which was probably generated from the organic matter (type II kerogen) dispersed in the Ordovician strata. Detailed geochemical studies of oils and rocks in the Lublin area showed that both in the Carboniferous and Devonian strata both gas-prone and oil-prone source rocks exist.

7

Modelowanie generacji i ekspulsji węglowodorów z utworów podłoża miocenu na tle struktury hermanowej

Kupisz L.

Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa

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2000

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nr 110 wyd. konferencyjne

71--75

EN

The short description of geological structure in Hetmanowa region was presented in the publication. Burial models, basement subsidence models, thermal history petroleum, petroleum potential of source rock were prepared under this publication. Identification of miocene base source rock was prepared for definition of hydrocarbons generation conditions, using Genex computing program. The purpose was to check how deep generation had accurate and to define generation geological time.