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Analysis of PAHs content in materials of firefighter protective clothing and cleaning effectiveness after use

Krzemińska Sylwia, Szewczyńska Małgorzata, Kozikowski Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

2024

Nr 89 (tom 1)

85--110

The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in firefighter protective clothing that was used under different conditions (rescue operations and live-fire enclosure training) and then washed with water and detergents in different types of washing machines (special-purpose, industrial and general-purpose) using different washing agents. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UHPLC/FL) was applied to determine PAH content in the outer shell, midline moisture-proof membrane and the inner thermal barrier of protective clothing. The analysis involved fifteen PAHs, with the total PAH concentration being strongly dependent on clothing layer and the washing machine type. The total PAH concentration in clothing worn during rescue operations (0.02±0.00 – 3.00±0.22 μg∙g-1) proved to be slightly lower as compared to that in clothing used during live-fire training (0.08±0.00 – 3.56±1.29 μg∙g-1). The highest total PAH content (3.56±1.29 μg∙g-1) was found in the outer shell of clothing worn during live-fire training (it was closely followed by the maximum for rescue operations – 3.01±0.22 μg∙g-1). Cleaning in different types of washing machines allowed removing a considerable proportion of PAH contamination, with effectiveness ranging from 91±16% for the outer shell to 55±25% for the membrane, and 67±19% for the thermal barrier. Furthermore, a relationship was observed between decontamination effectiveness and the washing machine type and washing agent type and the washing process conditions used. In the case of each clothing material, the best results were obtained with special-purpose equipment.