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  1. 5 Journal of KONES
  2. 3 Acta Mechanica et Automatica
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  1. 3 Gotowicki P.
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  5. 2 Bogusz P.
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1
Content available Validation of Extension-Bending and Extension-Twisting Coupled Laminates in Elastic Element
Falkowicz Katarzyna
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no 3
309--319
EN
The article deals with the design of the stacking sequence of layers in composite plate element in order to create the desired behaviour in the postcritical range. Tested plates were made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate with different layer arrangement. As the type of load, the axial compression was assumed. The configurations have been choosen specifically to investigate the influence of Extension-Twisting and Extension-Bending coupled designs under axial load. To analyse the influence of layer arrangement on the posbuckling behaviour the parametric study was performed. Matlab software and a script developed by the author were used to calculate the components of ABD matrix. Additionally, the experimental validation was carried out together with numerical analysis.
2
Content available Analysis of Thin-Walled Elements, with Ribbed Stiffeners, in the State of Post-Critical Deformations
Mazurek Przemysław
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no 4
61--69
EN
The paper presents the results of research on fragments of thin-walled coverings made of aluminum alloy. The exmined structures were subjected to shear stresses leading to post-critical deformations. Three types of elements were analyzed: an element without stiffeners (the referencial one), an element with three stiffening ribs and an element with five stiffening ribs. The results of numerical analyzes and static experimental research were presented. Althought this kind of solutions is commonly used in various aircraft structures, the publications about it are usually hard to rich. The research concerning ribbed stiffeners are usually performed inside laboratories of aerospace concerns and their results are not published in the open sources. The general direction of analyses of this solution is indicated in presented study.
3
Content available Investigations into the stability of thin-walled composite structures with top-hat cross-sections
Czajka Błażej
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no. 3
311--316
EN
This paper presents a study of compressed thin-walled composite columns with an open cross-section. The tested specimens with a top-hat cross-section were made of CFRP material. Two arrangements of composite layers [0/-45/45/90]s and [90/0/90/0]s were compared. The paper focuses on the buckling phenomenon and the determination of the critical loads of the structure. It includes both numerical analyses using the finite element method (FEM) and validation on real specimens made using the autoclave technique. A comparison is made between the results obtained by both methods. The critical forces of the real specimens were determined using the P-wc3 approximation method. Both the evaluation of the buckling shape and the values of the critical forces showed a significant correlation between the experimental and numerical tests. This paper also compares the tested lay-ups.
4
Content available Failure analysis of beam composite elements subjected to three-point bending using advanced numerical damage models
Różyło Patryk
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
|
2023
|
Vol. 17, no. 1
133-144
EN
This paper deals with the experimental and numerical analysis of three-point bending phenomenon on beam composite profiles. Flat rectangular test specimens made of carbon–epoxy composite, characterised by symmetric [0/90/0/90]s laminate ply lay-up, were used in this study. Experimental testing was carried out with a COMETECH universal testing machine, using special three-point bending heads. In addition, macroscopic evaluation was performed experimentally using a KEYENCE Digital Microscope with a mobile head recording real-time images. Parallel to the experimental studies, numerical simulations were performed using the finite element method in ABAQUS software. The application of the above-mentioned interdisciplinary research techniques allowed for a thorough analysis of the phenomenon of failure of the composite material subjected to bending. The obtained research results provided a better understanding of the failure mechanism of the composite material.
5
Content available remote Modelling of linear elasticity and viscoelasticity of thermosets and unidirectional glass fibre-reinforced thermoset-matrix composites. Part 2, Homogenization and numerical analysis
Klasztorny Marian, Nycz Daniel B.
Composites Theory and Practice
|
2022
|
R. 22, nr 1
25--39
EN
The study continues the advanced analytical modelling of the linear elasticity and viscoelasticity of thermosets and unidirectional glass fibre-reinforced thermoset-matrix (UFRT) composites. The thermosets are isotropic materials with viscoelastic shear strains and elastic bulk strains, and the fibres are isotropic and elastic. The modified homogenization theory for UFRT composites, based on the selected tasks of the linear theory of elasticity, is developed. The modifications include a volumetrically equivalent cylindrical representative volume cell, solutions determined for an isotropic fibre based on the solutions for a monotropic (transversely isotropic) fibre, and certain modifications in the third task of the theory of elasticity. The viscoelastic constants of the thermoset are derived analytically and validated by fitting of the simulation and experimental shear strains on a logarithmic time scale in the unidirectional tension creep test. The viscoelastic constants of the UFRT composite are derived analytically and validated by fitting of the storage compliances corresponding to the new viscoelastic model and one obtained from the viscoelastic-elastic correspondence principle. The tension creep experiment is performed on the selected structural unsaturated polyester resin. Identification and validation are carried out for that thermoset and the corresponding UFRT composite with long E-glass fibres. All the modelling hypotheses are confirmed.
6
Content available remote Coupled effect of load ratio and frequency on mechanical fatigue behaviour of precast aluminium/aramid fibre composite
Ait Said A., Bey K., Mzad H.
Composites Theory and Practice
|
2021
|
R. 21, nr 1-2
46--53
EN
Dynamic tests with different load ratios and frequencies provide designers with the necessary information to evaluate the longevity of different structures as well as minimize weight due to a possibly smaller factor of safety. The influence of loading frequency on the fatigue behaviour of an aluminium composite material (ACP) with an aramid honeycomb core was studied. The mechanical behaviour was assessed by three-point static bending tests, followed by cyclic flexural fatigue tests employing the fabricated sandwich samples, with loading frequencies of 5, 7.5 and 10 Hz. The experimental results were presented on a single graph in order to highlight the different behaviours for the adopted frequencies. Indeed, the tests allowed the authors to determine the different cycle number values necessary to achieve resistance losses of 10 and 25%, respectively. The experiments were carried out for the same loading level of 80% of the maximum force, which is taken as equal to the elastic limit in order to avoid the field of plastic deformations.
7
Content available Analysis of rail vehicles’ operational reliability in the aspect of safety against derailment based on various methods of determining the assessment criterion
Konowrocki Robert, Chojnacki Andrzej
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
|
2020
|
Vol. 22, no. 1
73--85
EN
The article features the results of computer and experimental research on operational issues in the aspect of safety in relation to a freight wagon derailment on a railway track. It presents the knowledge regarding the methods of assessing the operational safety of rail vehicles on railroad tracks for the purpose of comparative analysis. The theoretical analyses were performed based on several methods that assess the safety of their derailments, qualifying for operational reliability, comparing them with the results obtained from experimental research. For the purpose of the research, a computer model of rail vehicle- railway track was created. It took into consideration dynamic parameters of elements used in the real track and rail vehicle. The results obtained from theoretical analyses were validated with experimental tests carried out on real objects (freight vehicle - test track, freight wagon - test rig). As part of the research, new test track geometry for testing rail vehicles was proposed. The results obtained in this way allowed estimating the conditions threatening the operation of a freight vehicle while running on the test rail infrastructure with different assessment criteria and to compare them.
PL
W pracy pokazano rezultaty badań komputerowych i eksperymentalnych dotyczących zagadnień eksploatacji w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa w odniesieniu do wykolejenia wagonu towarowego na torze kolejowym. Przybliżono w nim stan wiedzy dotyczącej metod oceny bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji pojazdówa) szynowych na kolejowych liniach szynowych, w celu ich analizy porównawczej. W pracy wykonano analizy teoretyczne bazując na kilku metodach, które oceniają bezpieczeństwo ich wykolejenia, kwalifikujące się do niezawodność eksploatacyjnej, porównując je z wynikami otrzymanymi z badań eksperymentalnych. Na potrzeby przeprowadzanych badań powstał komputerowy model pojazd szynowy - tor kolejowy. Uwzględniał on parametry dynamiczne elementów zastosowanych w rzeczywistym torze oraz pojeździe szynowym. Otrzymane z teoretycznych analiz wyniki zwalidowano testami eksperymentalnymi wykonanymi na rzeczywistych obiektach (pojazd towarowy - tor testowy, wagon towarowy - stanowisko badawcze). W ramach badań zaproponowano nową geometrię toru testowego do badań pojazdów szynowych. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły określić stan zagrożenia eksploatacji wagonu towarowego podczas jazdy po testowej infrastrukturze szynowej przy różnych kryteriach oceny oraz je porównać.
8
Content available Doświadczalna identyfikacja obciążenia napędów wysięgnikowego kombajnu chodnikowego podczas urabiania
Cheluszka Piotr, Habryka Dawid, Szolc Patryk
Przegląd Górniczy
|
2019
|
T. 75, nr 3
47--61
PL
Proces urabiania, zwłaszcza skał trudno urabialnych, wysięgnikowymi kombajnami chodnikowymi jest źródłem silnych obciążeń dynamicznych, nie tylko napędu głowic urabiających, ale również mechanizmów wychylania wysięgnika, na którego końcu głowice te są rozmieszczone. Zapewnienie odpowiednich proporcji pomiędzy wartościami parametrów siłowych mechanizmów wychylania wysięgnika oraz mocą napędu głowic urabiających i masą kombajnu ma kluczowe znaczenie z punktu widzenia skuteczności i efektywności urabiania czoła przodku drążonego wyrobiska korytarzowego w kopalniach podziemnych lub tuneli. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań doświadczalnych kombajnu chodnikowego R–130 (prod. Famur S.A.) w warunkach półprzemysłowych. Na podstawie charakterystyk dynamicznych zarejestrowanych podczas urabiania powierzchni bloku cementowo-piaskowego określone zostały relacje pomiędzy obciążeniem napędu głowic urabiających oraz mechanizmów wychylania wysięgnika. Zbadano wpływ technologii urabiania (rodzaju skrawu wykonywanego podczas przemieszczania głowic urabiających w ruchu roboczym) przy różnych skojarzeniach wartości parametrów procesu urabiania na obciążenie napędów kombajnu chodnikowego odpowiedzialnych za realizację tego procesu.
EN
The mining process, especially of hard rocks, using boom–type roadheaders is the source of strong dynamic loads not only for the drive of cutting heads, but also for boom swinging mechanisms, at the end of which these cutting heads are arranged. Ensuring appropriate proportions between the values of the force parameters of the boom swinging mechanisms and the power of cutting heads drive and the weight of the roadheader is of key importance from the point of view of efficiency and effectiveness of mining the heading face of the drilled roadways in the underground mine or tunnels. The article presents selected results of experimental investigations of the R–130 roadheader (manufactured by Famur S.A.) in laboratory conditions. On the basis of dynamic characteristics recorded during cutting of the cement-sand block surface, the relations between the load of the cutting heads drive and boom swinging mechanisms were determined. The influence of cutting technology (the type of cut performed during moving of cutting heads in a work movement) was examined with different associations of the values of cutting process parameters for the load of the roadheader’s drives responsible for this process.
9
Content available Experimental studies of the prototype device for soil application of dehydrated digestate
Talarczyk Włodzimirz, Łowiński Łukasz, Mac Jarosław, Wojciechowski Jacek
Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
|
2019
|
Vol. 64, nr 1
44--49
EN
The experimental results of the prototype device for soil application of dewatered digestate, consisting of a modernized manure spreader and aggregated disc harrow, are presented. The main purpose of the tests were stress measurements in the harrow's frame structure and the hitch attached to the manure spreader's chassis. The results of measurements were found to be very consistent in real conditions with the results of strength analyzes carried out on the computational model. The work was carried out at the Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Poznań as part of the BIOSTRATEG 1/269056/NCBR/2015 project co-financed by the National Center for Research and Development under the Biostrateg program.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych prototypu urządzenia do doglebowej aplikacji odwodnionego pofermentu, składającego się ze zmodernizowanego rozrzutnika obornika i zagregowanej z nim brony talerzowej. Głównym celem badań były pomiary naprężeń w konstrukcji nośnej brony i zaczepie zamocowanym do podwozia rozrzutnika. Stwierdzono dużą zgodność wyników pomiarów w warunkach rzeczywistych z wynikami analiz wytrzymałościowych przeprowadzonych na modelu obliczeniowym. Prace przeprowadzono w Przemysłowym Instytucie Maszyn Rolniczych w Poznaniu w ramach projektu BIOSTRATEG 1/269056/NCBR/2015 dofinansowanego przez NCBR w ramach programu Biostrateg.
10
Content available The impact of semi-rigid joints on the stiffness of light wood-frame structures
Baszeń Michał, Miedziałowski Czesław
Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
|
2019
|
vol. 62, nr 203
23--37
EN
This paper contains an overview and analysis of semi-rigid joints in various types of construction. The behaviour of these joints is compared with the behaviour of joints in light wood-frame structures. The results of experimental tests of joints in light wood-frame structures are presented. In the experiments, displacements were recorded to calculate the bearing of elements in the joints as well as the rotation of the loaded element relative to the supporting element in the joint. A simple numerical model describing the semi-rigid behaviour of the joint is presented.
11
Content available Źródła hałasu w pojazdach samochodowych : badania hałasu w ruchu drogowym w wybranej miejscowości i ocena jego wpływu na bezpieczeństwo
Ambroszko Wojciech
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2019
|
R. 20, nr 6
120--127
PL
W artykule omówiono istotne źródła hałasu w pojazdach samochodowych w odniesieniu do bezpieczeństwa w ruchu drogowym. Praca zawiera wyniki badań i analiz poziomu hałasu w wybranych miejscach w Jeleniej Górze. W opracowaniu wskazano wpływ poziomu hałasu na bezpieczeństwo.
EN
The article discusses important sources of noise in automotive vehicles in relation to road safety. The work contains the results of research and analysis of noise levels at selected locations in Jelenia Góra. The study indicates the impact of noise level on safety.
12
Content available Metoda wyznaczania lotu pocisków wystrzelonych ogniem seryjnym z pistoletu maszynowego Glauberyt
Dziopa Z., Zdeb K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika
|
2018
|
z. 90 [298], nr 3
275--284
PL
Na strzelnicy firmy EMJOT przeprowadzono rejestrację procesu wystrzelenia z pistoletu maszynowego Glauberyt ogniem seryjnym czterech pocisków. Do badań empirycznych użyto amunicji 9x19 mm FMJ Luger (Parabellum) produkcji czeskiej z 2017 r. Strzały zostały oddane przez antyterrorystę. Ich rejestrację przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem szybkiej kamery cyfrowej Phantom v.9.1 wraz z niezbędnym oprzyrządowaniem. Na podstawie zarejestrowanego obrazu określono początkowe kinematyczne parametry lotu każdego z pocisków. Korzystając z zasad mechaniki lotu, opracowano model balistyczny pocisku, a na jego podstawie zredagowano program symulacyjny. Zweryfikowano wyniki lotu uzyskane w przestrzeni wirtualnej, porównując je z wynikami badań doświadczalnych. Po dopracowaniu modelu teoretycznego przeprowadzono estymację lotu czterech pocisków wystrzeliwanych ogniem seryjnym z pistoletu maszynowego Glauberyt do tarczy znajdującej się w odległości 25 m. W artykule przedstawiono reprezentatywny przykład wystrzeliwania ogniem seryjnym czterech pocisków. W badaniach wykonano 50 takich strzelań.
EN
At the EMJOT firing range, the process of firing the Glauberite machine gun was recorded with serial fire of four bullets. 9x19 mm FMJ Parabellum Luger Czech production from 2017 was used for empirical research. The shots were given by an anti-terrorist. Their registration was carried out using the high-speed Phantom v.9.1 digital camera, together with the necessary equipment. Based on the recorded image, the initial kinematic flight parameters of each of the missiles were determined. Using the principles of flight mechanics, a ballistic model of the projectile was developed, and on its basis a simulation program was prepared. Flight results obtained in the virtual space were verified by comparing them with the results of experimental tests. After finetuning the theoretical model, four flight bullets from the Glauberite machine pistol were estimated to be placed at the distance of 30 m. The article presents a representative example of serial firing of four missiles. Fifty such shots were made in the tests.
13
Content available FEM analysis and experimental tests of rigid riser hanging system
Olszewski A., Wodtke M., Wójcikowski A.
Polish Maritime Research
|
2018
|
nr 2
108--115
EN
The article presents the analysis, project, and experimental examination of an original rigid riser for Coil Tubing Pipes. The principle of riser operation is based on the use of friction forces. The research included the FEM analysis of the designed riser, calculations of the required bolt tensions, and checking the effect of the clamping force on stress distribution in the pipeline. The results of computer simulation were verified on a specially designed test rig. The described riser design was implemented on the LOTOS Petrobaltic platform, thus eliminating the need for purchase and installation of expensive elastic risers.
14
Content available remote Effect of Blades Settings on Rotor Dynamics
Mitura A., Gawryluk J., Teter A., Warmiński J.
Machine Dynamics Research
|
2018
|
Vol. 42, No. 2
73--79
EN
In the paper, experimental and numerical studies of dynamics of a rotor composed of a rigid hub and three laminated blades with an embedded active piezoelectric actuators are discussed. The rotor is excited by periodic torque imposed to the hub. The dynamic response for various preset angles of the blades has been tested experimentally on the basis of signals recorded from strain gauges. The experimental results have been compared with a numerical finite element model developed in Abaqus software. The eigenvalue problem has been solved, and the natural frequencies and corresponding modes have been compared with experimental tests.
15
Poprawa dynamicznych charakterystyk małych termoelektrycznych schładzaczy i podgrzewaczy napojów
Filin S.
Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja
|
2018
|
T. 49, nr 12
525--529
PL
W artykule omówiono konstrukcje oraz charakterystyki eksploatacyjne współczesnych termoelektrycznych schładzaczy oraz podgrzewaczy napojów, zwłaszcza charakterystyki dynamiczne. Przedstawiono wyniki badań porównawczych, pokazujących wpływ warunków wymiany ciepła między puszką lub butelką a pojemnikiem schładzacza na szybkość schładzania napoju. Rozmieszczenie wody w hermetyzowanej szczelinie między butelką z napojem a pojemnikiem schładzacza pozwala na istotne polepszenie dynamicznych charakterystyk urządzenia. Przykładowo, czas schładzania puszki z napojem od 25°C do 10°C w badanym schładzaczu skraca się z 67 do 50 minut.
EN
The article describes the constructive and operational characteristics of modern thermoelectric coolers and heaters of beverages, in particular, its dynamic characteristics. The results of comparative tests show the influence of the heat exchange conditions between the jar (bottle) and the cooler’s container on the cooling rate of the beverage. The distribution of water in the hermetic gap between the beverage bottle and the cooler container allows significant improvement of the dynamic characteristics of the device. For example, the cooling time of a beverage can from 25°C to 10°C in the tested cooler is shortened from 67 to 50 minutes.
16
Content available remote Influence of Flexibility Parameters of Wheels and Wheelset on the Railway Bogie Dynamics : Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Konowrocki R., Walczak S.
Machine Dynamics Research
|
2017
|
Vol. 41, No. 1
128--142
EN
The paper is devoted to the experimental and theoretical analysis of wheelset elastic properties on the railway vehicle-track interaction. Results of experimental measurements of stiffness components of wheelsets obtained by a new measurement method are shown. Some types of wheelsets are considered with different wheel-disk design. For the theoretical analysis of bending and torsional flexibility of the wheel and wheelset are used. To numerical modeling of the considered wheels and wheelsets models the Finite Element Method (FEM) are applied. Simulation of dynamic interaction between a railway bogie and a curved sector of track in the rigid multibody systems method (VI-Rail software) is modeled. Exemplary simulations results obtained from the bogie-track system model using flexible and rigid model of the wheel and wheelset are presented.
17
Content available Experimental and numerical investigation of connector with elastomer joint
Sławiński G., Malesa P., Świerczewski M., Bogusz P.
Journal of KONES
|
2017
|
Vol. 24, No. 3
283--289
EN
This article presents works associated with the design, numerical analyses and experimental tests of an energyabsorbing mat designed for increasing the safety of the soldiers inside military vehicles, especially their legs. One of the most important branches of engineering interests is high technologies accompanying the safety of soldiers. Energy absorbing mats are one of an additional equipment of a military vehicle, which is directly targeted to increase leg safety during explosion of IED (Improvised Explosive Device) under vehicle. The presented invention allows protection legs of the crew’s feet resting on the floor of the vehicle during explosion of a mine or IED. In most solutions, crewmembers’ foot rests directly on the floor, causing serious injuries. The value of the load on the metatarsus and tibia is closely related to the overall vehicle structure, which generally has limitations in the use of available external and internal protection solutions. Energy absorbing mats are a universal solution because they are adaptable to any type of vehicle. Their role is particularly important in flat-bottomed armoured vehicles. The article will show the results of the analysis showing how the mat works. Experimental results will be compared with the results of numerical analysis. The analysis is conducted using the LS-DYNA explicit code.
18
Content available Ecological indicators of the perkins 1104D-e44TA engine after its adaptation for being powered with natural gas and diesel fuel
Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Warianek M.
Journal of KONES
|
2017
|
Vol. 24, No. 3
143--150
EN
The contemporary progress of automotive industry and transportation is determined to a large extent by the increasing environmental requirements, aimed at limiting the harmful impact of vehicles upon human life and people’s health. A crucial issue linked with operating vehicles is the exhaust gases generated by internal combustion engines. In order to reduce this hazardous impact upon the natural environment, the construction of the engines is continuously improved, electronic controlling is being developed for managing the course of working processes taking place in cylinders and auxiliary systems, exhaust gases cleaning systems are being developed, alternative fuels are being sought for and the possibilities of their optimal use are being examined. Natural gas is the fuel that is highly expected and hoped to be used more widely for powering internal combustion engines in vehicles. This article presents the values of selected ecological indicators of the Perkins 1104D-E44TA Diesel engine, powered by compressed natural gas and Diesel fuel (CNG + ON). For comparison reasons, the engine was powered with both fuels at the same time and then only by Diesel fuel (ON) in the same working conditions. Before the tests, the powering system control unit had been calibrated so as to enable obtaining similar values of torque while the engine was powered with the Diesel fuel only and with both CNG and ON while working with external speed characteristics; the calibration was also set up to allow for the maximum share of the natural gas in the total fuel amount supplied into the engine cylinders without engine knocking. When powering the engine with both CNG and Diesel fuel, the concentration levels of nitric oxides and carbon dioxide in exhaust gases were lower. However, the total content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases grew multiple times, and the content of the carbon monoxide was significantly increased. In addition, the obtained measurement results of the smokiness of the exhaust gases and the content of the soot with the engine powered with two fuels were not satisfactory.
19
Content available remote Strength analysis of typical Koepe pulley constructions applied in mine hoisting installations
Wolny S., Ładecki B.
Engineering Transactions
|
2017
|
Vol. 65, iss. 3
523--538
EN
A large number of hoisting installations equipped with Koepe pulleys are presently operating in Polish mines. In many instances, cracks of fatigue character occur in those Koepe pulley constructions. Conducting periodic repairs in the areas of crack formations only temporarily fixes this issue. In order to eliminate this problem, this study aims at identifying the sources of fatigue crack formation and growth in Koepe pulleys. With this objective, the numerical models of the Koepe pulley construction were developed and analysed using the finite element method (FEM). The FEM analysis was preceded by the dynamic analysis of the hoisting installation during its normal work cycle. The results of these analyses – dynamic and strength – were verified by experiments on the real object by measuring forces and stresses in the selected areas of the pulley wheel. The obtained results provided the grounds for assessing the fatigue life and for introducing an improvement to the design of the considered Koepe pulley constructions.
20
Content available Numeryczna analiza odkształceń płaskich dźwigarów kratowych oraz ich weryfikacja przy wykorzystaniu stanowiska do badań parametrów mechanicznych konstrukcji w skali naturalnej
Grygo R., Czech K., Palenceusz M.
Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
|
2017
|
z. 64, nr 4/II
359--366
PL
W artykule przedstawiono proces badania „in situ” oraz weryfikacji obliczeń i za- łożeń projektowych płaskiego dźwigara kratowego pod obciążeniem statycznym, realizowany na specjalnym stanowisku badawczym na terenie zakładu produkcyjnego konstrukcji stalowych. Badania in-situ wielkogabarytowych elementów nośnych konstrukcji inżynierskich należą do najbardziej pracochłonnych i skomplikowanych w inżynierii lądowej. Z tego powodu są niezwykle rzadko realizowane przez producentów konstrukcji stalowych. Większość badań eksperymentalnych odbywa się w laboratoriach uczelnianych, a wyniki badań bardzo często służą jedynie rozważaniom naukowym. Ze względu na problemy związane z transportem konstrukcji, a także na konieczność budowy specjalnego stanowiska badawczego w laboratorium uczelnianym koszty takiego przedsięwzięcia często przerastają możliwości finansowe wytwórców konstrukcji stalowych. W celu zapewnienia zgodności pracy rzeczywistej konstrukcji i odpowiadającego jej modelu numerycznego należy precyzyjnie określić parametry wytrzymałościowe materiału oraz odwzorować realny charakter pracy ustroju nośnego. Zaproponowane przez autorów stanowisko badawcze pozwala na relatywnie szybkie przeprowadzenie eksperymentu obciążania próbnego konstrukcji, które w połączeniu z pomiarem odkształceń głównych elementów nośnych umożliwia zmianę pierwotnie założonego modelu numerycznego i optymalizację jego ukształtowania.
EN
Main bearing elements of currently designed and executed steel structures, in the common engineering practice, usually fail to undergo the stage of verification of compliance of the real world structure's operation (as a whole, or with regard to its key elements) with the operation of the modelled and numerically loaded structure assumed by designers - most often with use of one of specialist software packages available on the market, enabling statistical and durability analyses with the Finite Element Method (FEM). This kind of experimental study, if it is conducted at all, usually concerns experimental and very non-typical structures, or ones significant from another viewpoint - e.g. a need for testing non-typical construction materials of a new generation or innovative methods of joining particular elements. While in the automotive industry this kind of study of real objects is conducted quite often (including verification of strain and stress in the plating of newly designed combustion engines' bodies, etc.), tests on real objects are carried out extremely seldom in the broadly understood building construction industry - mainly due to the usually considerable structure sizes. As a result of this, the investor receives a ready product - in this case a structural element or a component of a bigger structural part which in real world conditions may perform in a way different from what would transpire from the design and the numerical model. This study sets out to present a concept of a simple test workstation for verification of strain of flat lattice girders, numerically modelled and physically executed in full scale, which may be successfully applied directly at the premises of an industrial facility where structures of this kind are produced.
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