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Thermogravimetric analysis of modified cellulose mixtures in air

Zawieja Z., Sawicki J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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Vol. 64, iss. 1

153--157

EN

The paper includes the TG-DTG thermogravimetric air-testing of a cellulose mixture modified with the additives of expanded vermiculite or expanded perlite. A thermal degradation test was carried out at 1000°C with a simultaneous qualitative analysis of the emitted gases. During the thermal degradation process, the thermal effects were also measured. The research results indicate that expanded vermiculite or expanded perlite do not emit toxic gases during thermal degradation. The cellulose mixture modification, with the additives of expanded vermiculite or perlite, does not result in the creation of new gaseous compounds in the process of thermal degradation. As investigated below, the mixtures tested in this article find application in gating systems for supplying liquid metal in no-bake moulds. Such cellulose-based material solutions shall allow the foundry industry to introduce less gas vaporising technologies within the entire casting production process.

2

Qualitative analyses of gas evolution from modified cellulose mixtures during thermal degradation in air and argon

Zawieja Zbigniew, Sawicki Jacek

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 3

24--30

EN

This paper presents the application of mineral additives, such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres in items used in founding. Mixed with paper pulp and aluminosilicate resin as a binder, these additives are the base of a mixture patented by the authors, which can be used in the production of pipe shapes and connectors with a circular cross-section in casting systems in the founding industry. These mixtures were subjected to TG thermal degradation during which a quantitative analysis of the emitted fumes was carried out. The analysis did not detect any other compounds than those formed by the combustion of cellulose materials, which indicated that no chemical reaction took place between the applied additives and cellulose at high temperatures.

3

Qualitative analyses of gas evolution from modified cellulose mixtures during thermal degradation IN AIR AND ARGON

Zawieja Z., Sawicki J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 11, no 3

24--30

EN

This paper presents the application of mineral additives, such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres in items used in founding. Mixed with paper pulp and aluminosilicate resin as a binder, these additives are the base of a mixture patented by the authors, which can be used in the production of pipe shapes and connectors with a circular cross-section in casting systems in the founding industry. These mixtures were subjected to TG thermal degradation during which a quantitative analysis of the emitted fumes was carried out. The analysis did not detect any other compounds than those formed by the combustion of cellulose materials, which indicated that no chemical reaction took place between the applied additives and cellulose at high temperatures.

4

Odporność termiczna mieszanki celulozowej modyfikowanej proekologicznymi dodatkami mineralnymi przeznaczonych na kształtki odlewnicze

Zawieja Z., Sawicki J.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2015

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Vol. 36, nr 6

543--547

PL

Istniejące obecnie na rynku komercyjne mieszanki celulozowe zawierają w sobie toksyczne oraz szkodliwe lepiszcza organiczne będące źródłem bardzo silnych efektów gazotwórczych przy kontakcie z ciekłym metalem, co ma kluczowy wpływ na proces zalewania ciekłym metalem oraz na jakość finalnego produktu, jakim jest odlew. Jako alternatywę autorzy zaproponowali kształtki wykonane z mieszanki celulozowej wzbogaconej w dodatki mineralne proekologiczne, jak perlit ekspandowany oraz wermikulit ekspandowany, a także mikrosfery. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad właściwościami termicznymi zmodyfikowanej mieszanki celulozowej, z której są wykonywane degradowalne kształtki oraz złączki cylindryczne. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, iż materiały autorskie zgłoszone do opatentowania mają podobną odporność termiczną do obecnie dostępnych na rynku mieszanek celulozowych, na co wskazują pomiary temperatury stygnącego ciekłego metalu w osi testowanych kształtek wykonanych z różnych mieszanek celulozowych. Zaobserwowano jednocześnie, iż pojawia się efekt egzotermiczny w trakcie stygnięcia ciekłego metalu wydłużający proces krystalizacji w mieszankach zawierających w swym składzie aluminio-silikaty. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykazały, iż opatentowana mieszanka na bazie pulpy papierowej może być z powodzeniem stosowana jako alternatywny materiał wykorzystywany na elementy układów wlewowych do jednorazowych form piaskowych.

EN

Commercially available cellulose mixtures are consisting harmful and toxic binders resulting very high gas emission effects during liquid metal pouring process therefore having influence on the final casting product quality. Authors proposed the opposing alternative solution for fittings made of cellulose mixture modified by mineral ecological additives such an expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres. The results on thermal properties of the modified cellulose mixture used for fittings and cylindrical shapes manufacturing are presented in the following article. Conducted examination are showing the authors materials requested to be patented are having similar thermal resistance to commercially already available cellulose samples which is visible on measurements of the liquid metal cooling process inside tested pipes made from different cellulose mixtures. Additionally exothermic effect is appearing during cooling process resulting liquid metal crystallization extension process visible in the samples consisting aluminiosilicates. Received result from investigations are showing the patented mixture based on paper pulp can be used as alternative material used for gating system fittings in the disposable sand moulds.

5

Expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres as fillers in new generation paper pulp mixtures used for contact with liquid metal

Zawieja Z., Sawicki J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 9, nr 26

83--88

EN

Liquid metal when filling sand casting mould while pouring it out from ladle at the first moment comes across the sprue/gate system of the mould the purpose of which is to transfer liquid metal and feed the mould recess. The materials presently used for the elements of the sprue/gate systems are based on ceramics or the mixtures based on paper pulp. In this study the use of alternative mineral additions such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, and microspheres as the fillers to paper pulp acquired from waste-paper for the use for the elements of mould sprue/gate systems or also other applications for the contact with liquid metal are presented. Experimental mould tube shapes made on the basis of the paper pulp based mixture patented by the authors were poured over with liquid metal. For the comparison, ceramic shapes and commercially available cellulose shapes were investigated in the same way. In order to compare the crystallization processes, a measurement of the cooling off liquid metal was carried out for all the analysed tube samples. From the so obtained metal samples metallographic microsections were made to compare cast iron microstructures. The results obtained from the investigations carried out have shown that the patented paper pulp based mixture may well be applied as an alternative material used for the elements of the sprue/gate systems for disposable sand moulds.