Larval galleries and exit holes of adult insects in wood and bark are a conspicuous indication of the occurrence of many species. Therefore it allows the qualitative and quantitative examination of insect populations. However, evaluation of adult body size based on the size and shape of galleries and exit holes was not practiced. We analyzed relationship between selected biometric traits (pronotal width, elytral width, and length of elytron) of adult Rosalia alpina (L.) − an endangered representative of the longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) − and the size and shape of their exit holes. Based on the laboratory reared individuals, we evaluate the size and shape of exit hole of each adult. Adult biometric traits were strongly correlated with each other. No sexual differences were found in adult beetle size and exit hole size and shape. The size of exit holes was, however, a good indicator of adult body size. The correlation between exit hole size and the size of adult R. alpina was highly significant for all studied traits, whereas exit hole shape was weakly correlated with adult size. The results of this study show new possibilities for applying the size of adult exit holes to study and wider characterize populations of R. alpina, which includes e.g. inter-population, inter-habitat, or inter-host material comparisons and determination of adult body size changes over time-period.
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