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Analysis of the wind dependent duration of the cruise phase on jet engine exhaust emissions

Pawlak M., Kuźniar M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

371--376

EN

Nowadays more and more attention is paid to minimizing the costs of air operations. The largest share in the cost of the flight is the cost of consumed fuel. Taking into account the external conditions, having impact on the aircraft, such as wind direction and magnitude when planning the aircraft trajectory it is possible to reduce flight time and thus reduce fuel consumption. An additional advantage is the simultaneous reduction of pollutants in the jet engines exhausts. In the times of pro-ecological trends and concepts (e.g. Clean Sky, Single European Sky, CORSIA) this aspect is of crucial importance. The emission of selected pollutants in the jet engine exhausts (NOx, CO and HC) emitted during the flight of a business jet on the route whose cruise phase was assumed 1000 km long was determined in the article. The aircraft used in the research was Gulfstream GIV, powered by two Rolls Royce TAY 611-C engines, for which a cruising altitude of 10 km and a flight speed of 0.8 Ma were assumed. The thrust necessary for the flight at these cruise parameters was set, and then the engine thrust appropriate for the flight and the corresponding specific fuel consumption were determined. On this basis, based on the available ICAO data, the emission of selected pollutants in tis engines exhausts was determined for windless conditions. Next, the analysis of the impact of wind - its magnitude and direction – on the emission of these pollutants was made. The results of the conducted analyses are presented in diagrams and discussed in the conclusions.

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Analysis of wind impact on emission of selected exhaust compounds in jet engines of a business jet aircraft in cruise phase

Pawlak M., Majka A., Kuźniar M., Pawluczy J.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 2

55--60

EN

Among the most important problems currently faced by air transport, we can distinguish the adverse impact of aircrafts on the natural environment, as well as the rising costs of transport. One of the possibilities to improve this situation is better adjustment of aircraft characteristics to the performed transport tasks, taking into account all the requirements and limitations that exist in air traffic and the adverse impact of air transport on the natural environment. It is reflected in the research tasks conducted under the SESAR program. The aspiration to minimize the adverse impact of aircrafts on the environment is executed, among others, through determining such trajectories that are characterized by minimal fuel consumption or minimal emission of harmful substances in the engines exhausts. These goals are corresponding with the research conducted and described in the paper. The main aim of the work was to analyse the impact of wind speed and direction on the emission of harmful substances of a jet aircraft performing a flight on a given route. For research purposes, the route between two Polish cities Gdansk and Rzeszow was considered. The distance between the two airports was divided into sections for which wind direction and strength were determined (read from the windy.com website). Next, the aircraft performance was determined and the fuel consumption and the amount of harmful compounds (CO2, NOx, CO and HC), emitted in the engines exhausts were determined for the route from Gdansk to Rzeszow (under favourable wind conditions) and on the return route - from Rzeszow to Gdansk (under unfavourable wind conditions). For comparative purposes, emission of these substances for windless conditions was also determined. The results are presented in tables and depicted in the graph, as well as discussed in the conclusions of the paper.

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Problematyka modelowania emisji i dyspersji szkodliwych składników spalin morskich silników okrętowych

Pawlak M.

Logistyka

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2011

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nr 4

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę modelowania emisji związków szkodliwych zawartych w spalinach morskich silników okrętowych oraz rozprzestrzeniania się tych związków w atmosferze. Istnieje wiele modeli opisujących te zjawiska w różnych skalach przestrzennych, jednakże częsty problem stanowi niemożność pozyskania potrzebnych danych wejściowych, konieczność stosowania dużych uproszczeń oraz nieuwzględnianie wszystkich zmiennych, które mają bezpośredni lub pośredni wpływ na opisywane zjawiska. Istnieje potrzeba ujednolicenia metod wyznaczania wskaźników emisji związków szkodliwych i ich rozprzestrzeniania się w powietrzu. W tym artykule przedstawiono próbę opracowania metodyki modelowania emisji i dyspersji szkodliwych składników spalin statków morskich, uwzględniającej przemiany fotochemiczne badanych związków chemicznych.

EN

The paper deals with main problems of modelling harmful substances present in marine engines exhausts and their dispersion in the atmosphere. There are many models describing these two phenomena in different spatial scales, however main problems that appear are the difficulties in input data acquisition, the necessity of applying significant simplifications, as well as neglecting some of variables influencing directly or indirectly the described phenomena. There exist therefore the necessity of standardization of the methods of evaluation of factors describing emission of harmful compounds and their dispersion in the air. In the paper the author attempted to elaborate methodology of modelling emission and dispersion of harmful components of marine engines exhausts, taking into account photochemical transformations of those chemical substances.

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Using information from air system in the modelling of exhausts components from marine main diesel engines

Kniaziewicz T., Piaseczny L.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2011

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Vol. 6, no 1

109-118

EN

Society’s growing pro-ecological pressure has made atmosphere pollution by marine diesel engine exhausts one of the main problems of marine environment protection of recent years. In order to determine the share of vessels in atmospheric air pollution and to counteract the harmful effects of toxic compounds in marine engines exhausts, it is necessary to know the emission values of these compounds from particular vessels, which is possible if one knows the vessel movement parameters, concentration values of particular compounds for these parameters and the atmos-pheric conditions in the area they are staying in. The work presents conditions concerning the modelling of harmful compounds emission of engine exhausts based on the example of ships sailing in the Gulf of Gdańsk region, using infor-mation from AIS system.

5

Mezoskalowe modele ruchu statków morskich dla szacowania emisji spalin

Pawlak M., Piaseczny L.

Logistyka

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2010

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nr 4

CD-CD

PL

W pracy rozpatrzono aspekty stosowania mezoskalowych modeli ruchu statków morskich do szacowania wskaźników i charakterystyk emisji zanieczyszczeń zawartych w ich spalinach. Podano wartości wybranych parametrów modelu obliczone na podstawie danych systemu identyfikacji ruchu statków w rejonie Zatoki Gdańskiej.

EN

In the paper there are examined aspects of application of mesoscale marine vessels movement models to estimate factors and characteristics of emission of pollutants present in their exhausts. There were given values of the model parameters computed on the basis of the data from the identification system of vessels movement in the Gdansk Bay region.

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Modelling Exhaust Emission From Vessels In The Gulf Of Gdańsk Area

Piaseczny L., Kniaziewicz T.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2009

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Vol. 4, no 2

245-252

EN

The area of the Gulf of Gdańsk, just like port towns and coastal regions, is vulnerable to pollution contained in the exhaust gases of industrial plants, power plants, vehicles and harmful compounds contained in exhausts of vessels. In order to determine the share of vessels in polluting atmospheric air and to counteract the harmful effects of toxic compounds in marine engine exhausts it is necessary to know the values of those compounds’ emission from particular vessels, which is possible by knowing the movement parameters of vessels, the values of concentrations of particular compounds for these parameters and the atmospheric conditions in the region of their occurrence. The object of balancing emission of pollution contained in the exhausts from engines propelling vessels are the processes of global emission, averaged in a sufficiently long time period, which is determined first of all by the effi-ciency of averaging the variable conditions of the objects’ operation. Due to the impossibility of making emission measurements on vessels in the region of research, it is necessary to work out suitable models of estimating emission of toxic compounds, based on proper measurement tests simulating navigational conditions in the Gulf of Gdańsk as well as mathematical models. The work presents conditions related to modelling the emission of exhaust compounds from vessels engines in the region of the Gulf of Gdańsk, with particular consideration to estimating the values of toxic compounds concentration.

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Draft calculation of fuel consumption and emission of CO, HC and NOX by a engine car in operational conditions

Ubysz A.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 2

464-472

EN

The study presents a draft calculation of fuel consumption and emission of CO2, CO, HC and NOx by a engine car used in real traffic conditions. In this project, the author was inspired by the results of his own studies and those of selected domestic and foreign research centres. The (static) engine performance maps including Brake Specific Fuel Consumption maps, ge (CO2), and maps of speciftc emission of CO, HC and NOX,, serve as the basis for this study. Underlying such an approach are the disparate courses offuel consumption and emission levels in the driving and non-driving modes of the engine. For the study purposes, an adeąuate testing programme should be implemented, using a variable driving cycle [1]. A departure from the homologation cycles applied to this end allows covering, on an engine performance map, the area of engine operation being of interest to us with measuring points. For calculations in operational conditions, the maps of changes of Delta ge, Delta CO2, Delta CO, Delta HC and Delta NOX for nonstationary operating conditions of the engine will be a complement to static engine performance maps. The author has already developed partial maps for the first two parameters. The development of the others requires the implementation of a costly research scheme in cooperation with a leading domestic research centre.