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The effect of fuel dose division on the emission of toxic components in the car Diesel engine exhaust gas

Pietras D.

Polish Maritime Research

2016

nr 3

58--63

The article discusses the effect of fuel dose division in the Diesel engine on smoke opacity and composition of the emitted exhaust gas. The research activities reported in the article include experimental examination of a small Diesel engine with Common Rail type supply system. The tests were performed on the engine test bed equipped with an automatic data acquisition system which recorded all basic operating and control parameters of the engine, and smoke opacity and composition of the exhaust gas. The parameters measured during the engine tests also included the indicated pressure and the acoustic pressure. The tests were performed following the pre-established procedure in which 9 engine operation points were defined for three rotational speeds: 1500, 2500 and 3500 rpm, and three load levels: 25, 40 and 75 Nm. At each point, the measurements were performed for 7 different forms of fuel dose injection, which were: the undivided dose, the dose divided into two or three parts, and three different injection advance angles for the undivided dose and that divided into two parts. The discussion of the obtained results includes graphical presentation of contests of hydrocarbons, carbon oxide, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, and its smoke opacity. The presented analyses referred to two selected cases, out of nine examined engine operation points. In these cases the fuel dose was divided into three parts and injected at the factory set control parameters. The examination has revealed a significant effect of fuel dose division on the engine efficiency, and on the smoke opacity and composition of the exhaust gas, in particular the content of nitrogen oxides. Within the range of low loads and rotational speeds, dividing the fuel dose into three parts clearly improves the overall engine efficiency and significantly decreases the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Moreover, it slightly decreases the contents of hydrocarbons and carbon oxide. In the experiment the contents of nitrogen oxides markedly increased with the increasing injection advance angle for the undivided dose and that divided into two parts. This, in turn, led to the decrease of the contents of hydrocarbons and carbon oxide. Fuel dose division into two and three parts leads to the increase of smoke opacity of the exhaust gas, compared to the undivided dose.

Exhaust opacity in a diesel engine powered with animal fats

Czechlowski M., Golimowski W., Sęk T., Szymanowicz J.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

2015

Vol. 17, no. 1

49--53

The diversification of sources of energy has been recognised as one of the actions preventing the negative effects of human activity on the environment. In order to do so it is necessary to solve the problems related with the replacement of fossil fuels with biofuels, including the increase in the prices of food products caused by the dynamic development of biofuels made from plants. Therefore, the aim of the study was to make an experiment assessing the technical possibilities to replace diesel fuel with rendered animal fats. As results from the initial study, the kinematic viscosity of animal fats at a temperature of 120°C is comparable to that of diesel at 40°C. Apart from that, the diesel engine powered with animal fats emitted 70% less particulates in exhaust than the engine powered with a diesel fuel.

Dywersyfikację źródeł energii uznano za jedno z działań zapobiegających negatywnemu oddziaływaniu człowieka na środowisko. W tym celu konieczne jest rozwiązanie problemów związanych z zastępowaniem paliw kopalnych biopaliwami, m. in. wzrost cen produktów spożywczych, wywołany dynamicznym rozwojem biopaliw pochodzenia roślinnego. Dlatego za cel badań przyjęto wykonanie eksperymentu, polegającego na ocenie możliwości technicznych zastąpienia oleju napędowego wytopionymi tłuszczami zwierzęcymi. Z przeprowadzonych badań wstępnych wynika, że tłuszcze w temperaturze 120°C charakteryzują się lepkością kinematyczną porównywalną do oleju napędowego w 40°C, ponadto zasilany nimi silnik ZS emitował o 70% mniej cząstek stałych w spalinach w porównaniu do silnika zasilanego olejem napędowym.