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1

Study of adverse factors during training with Virtual Reality simulator

Michalska Anna, Konopacki Mikołaj Marek, Rodzik Dariusz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2024

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Nr 1

35--48

EN

Currently, the dynamic development of information technology contributes to the increasingly widespread application of Virtual Reality (VR) as modern and effective methods and training tools used in the process of self-education and/or training related to understanding the essence of the principles of operation and mastering the tasks of operating even complex systems or technical processes through simulating their actions. A significant argument for the use of virtual reality simulators in training uniformed services is the favorable cost-effect ratio and considerations of trainee safety. However, the use of VR simulators may be accompanied by the possibility of side effects or intensified symptoms of the so-called cybersickness. Bearing this in mind, the purpose of this article is to present the results of preliminary studies of adverse factors occurring during training using a VR simulator. The theoretical foundation for empirical research was provided by the results of a conducted review and analysis of literary content. Among the empirical methods, studies were conducted using a simulator sickness questionnaire and a research trial according to the parallel triangulation strategy scheme, involving the simultaneous use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The results obtained in this way can provide a valuable source of information about factors increasing the risk of adverse symptoms of cybersickness and ways of their mitigation, and can serve for further work on their development and application of VR simulators.

2

Wybrane zagadnienia kreacji znaczeń w architekturze. Studium przypadku dydaktycznego

Zalewski Krzysztof, Kozak Krzysztof

Builder

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2023

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R.27, nr 5

63--67

PL

Motywem podjęcia tematu jest obserwacja, że we współczesnej architekturze następuje narastająca nieadekwatność form, symboli i struktur do zakodowanego, a oczekiwanego przez odbiorcę przekazu. Treść artykułu zawiera przedstawienie wybranego problemu badawczego, syntetyczne odniesienie się do wybranych teorii i studium przypadku dydaktycznego. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja doświadczeń autorów oraz wyników wymienionego eksperymentu dydaktycznego. Jako metodykę badań przyjęto obserwację i eksperyment w zakresie architektury (nauki empirycznej). Wprowadzenie w sposób merytorycznie uporządkowany większej liczby przedmiotów i zadań towarzyszących przedmiotom projektowym, w szczególności dotyczących metodyki projektowania, zagadnień znaczeniowych i psychologicznych, powinno przyczynić się do poprawy edukacji w zakresie architektury.

EN

The motive for taking up the topic is the observation that in contemporary architecture there is a growing inadequacy of forms, symbols and structures to the message encoded and expected by the recipient. The content of the article includes a presentation of the selected research problem, a synthetic reference to selected theories and a teaching case study. The purpose of the article is to present the authors' experience and the results of the aforementioned didactic experiment. Observation and experiment in the field of architecture (empirical science) were adopted as the research methodology. The introduction of more subjects and tasks accompanying design subjects in a substantively structured manner, especially regarding design methodology, meaning-making and psychological issues, should contribute to the improvement of architecture education.

3

Effect of exercise rehabilitation on hemodynamic performance after carotid artery stenting: a numerical study

Liu Jiashuai, Fan Zhenmin, Liu Xiao, Xu Xiao, Liu Mingyuan, Ye Xia, Deng Xiaoyan

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 2

3--13

EN

A high in-stent restenosis rate and thrombosis have compromised clinical benefits after vascular stent placement. Exercise rehabilitation after stenting emerges as a promising and practical therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical performance of this therapy, although it remains controversial. The present study aimed to explore the impact of exercise training on hemodynamic performance after vascular stent implantation. Different 3-dimensional computational models based on the patient-specific carotids were constructed to calculate hemodynamic parameters, including flow velocity, time-averaged wall shear (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT). The results demonstrated that exercise training increased TAWSS but decreased OSI and RRT in some cases after the intervention, and high-intensity exercise further suppressed the adverse blood flow. However, exercise training remarkably reduced TAWSS and elevated OSI and RRT in patients with mild stenosis at upstream of stented segment. Additionally, we discovered that the hemodynamic environment change induced by exercise training was not significant compared to the stent position in some cases. Exercise had a less beneficial impact on the disturbed blood flow after the distal common carotid artery (CCA) stenting. These findings highlighted that exercise-induced hemodynamic changes differ under different conditions. The exercise training for the intervention patients should only be performed after a comprehensive vascular function assessment.

4

A concept approach to use of the EU-SENSE system in exercises based on the Kolb's learning cycle

Gikiewicz Magdalena, Kozioł Joanna

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 37, No. 1

94--104

EN

The aim of the article is to present a conceptual approach to the use of the EU-SENSE system in exercises based on Kolb’s learning cycle. The methodology of the research conducted in 2018–2021 was based on an analysis of literature in the field of teaching adults and conducting training, chemical and ecological rescue, analysis of domestic and foreign materials and procedures in the field of chemical and ecological rescue, direct observation of the way of the State Guard Fire Service respond to CBRNe threats, taking place in the measurement test dams of the EU-SENSE system and for the analysis of the training module, which is an element of the EU-SENSE system. After completing the exercises, the participant should achieve learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, abilities and skills. The acquired knowledge and practical skills will allow firefighters and civilians to conduct effective and safe rescue operations in the field of chemical rescue during incidents involving hazardous chemicals in the future. Exercises in the field of chemical rescue with the use of the EU-SENSE system will lead to an improvement of skills within the State Fire Service and make it possible for it to cooperate and coordinate activities with entities cooperating in the field of crisis management activities.

5

Countermovement depth – a variable which clarifies the relationship between the maximum power output and height of a vertical jump

Gajewski J., Michalski R., Buśko K., Mazur-Różycka J., Staniak Z.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 1

127--134

EN

The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of peak power achieved during vertical jumps in order to clarify relationship between the height of jump and the ability to exert maximum power. Methods: One hundred young (16.8±1.8 years) sportsmen participated in the study (body height 1.861 ± 0.109 m, body weight 80.3 ± 9.2 kg). Each participant performed three jump tests: countermovement jump (CMJ), akimbo countermovement jump (ACMJ), and spike jump (SPJ). A force plate was used to measure ground reaction force and to determine peak power output. The following explanatory variables were included in the model: jump height, body mass, and the lowering of the centre of mass before launch (countermovement depth). A model was created using multiple regression analysis and allometric scaling. Results: The model was used to calculate the expected power value for each participant, which correlated strongly with real values. The value of the coefficient of determination R2 equalled 0.89, 0.90 and 0.98, respectively, for the CMJ, ACMJ, and SPJ jumps. The countermovement depth proved to be a variable strongly affecting the maximum power of jump. If the countermovement depth remains constant, the relative peak power is a simple function of jump height. Conclusions: The results suggest that the jump height of an individual is an exact indicator of their ability to produce maximum power. The presented model has a potential to be utilized under field condition for estimating the maximum power output of vertical jumps.

6

Energy expenditure and physiological responses during walking on a treadmill and moving on the Torqway vehicle

Maciejczyk M., Wiecek M., Szymura J., Szygula Z.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 2

137--143

EN

Purpose: One of the new products which can be used to increase physical activity and energy expenditure is the Torqway vehicle, powered by the upper limbs. The aim of this study was to (1) assess the usefulness and repeatability of the Torqway vehicle for physical exercise, (2) compare energy expenditure and physiological responses during walking on a treadmill and during physical effort while moving on the Torqway at a constant speed. Methods: The participants (11 men, aged 20.2 ± 1.3) performed the incremental test and submaximal exercises (walking on the treadmill and moving on the Torqway vehicle at the same speed). Results: Energy expenditure during the exercise on the Torqway was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than during the walking performed at the same speed. The intensity of the exercise performed on the Torqway expressed as %VO2max and %HRmax was significantly ( p < 0.001) higher than during walking (respectively: 35.0 ± 6.0 vs. 29.4 ± 7.4 %VO2max and 65.1 ± 7.3 vs. 47.2 ± 7.4 %HRmax). Conclusions: Exercise on the Torqway vehicle allows for the intensification of the exercise at a low movement speed, comparable to walking. Moving on the Torqway vehicle could be an effective alternative activity for physical fitness and exercise rehabilitation programs.

7

Effect of Exercise and Heat-Load on Simple Reaction Time of University Students

Chandra A. M., Ghosh S., Barman S., Iqbal R., Sadhu N.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2010

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Vol. 16, No. 4

497--505

EN

Visual and auditory simple reaction times for both right and left hands of young university male students were recorded with a simple reaction timer, before and after an exercise schedule without and with elevated temperatures in a climatic chamber. The results indicated a decrease in both visual and auditory reaction times after the exercise, but a marked increase in them was noticed when exercise was performed at elevated temperatures. The difference in reaction times in preferred and nonpreferred hands was negligible at rest, i.e., without any exercise and elevated temperature. However, the difference was significant when exercise was performed at elevated temperatures. Visual reaction time was longer than auditory reaction time in all conditions. The results suggest that in hot industries, increased temperature has a specific rather than general effect on cognitive processes, perception and attentiveness, leading to increased chances of human errors, fatal accidents and loss of productivity.

8

A Device for Long Term Monitoring of Impact Loading on the Hip

Vihriälä E., Saarimaa R., Myllylä R., Jämsä T.

Molecular and Quantum Acoustics

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2003

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Vol. 24

211-224

EN

This paper considers the construction and validation of a measuring defive that measures acceleration in three simensions and can be attached to a test subject. The device comprises a datalogger and commercial accelerometers and is used yo measure accelerations produced during physical exercises. The specific purpose of the measurements is to evaluate impact loading on the hip.

9

Geometria Wykreślna i rysunek techniczny na sali ćwiczeń i w pracowni komputerowej - doświadczenia z lat 1995 - 1999

Rużyczka A.

Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics

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2001

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Vol. 12

56--58

PL

W latach 1995/6-1998/9 na I roku kierunku Inżynieria Środowiska Wydziału Inżynierii Środowiska i Geodezji Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie zrealizowano eksperymentalne kursy Geometrii Wykreślnej i rysunku technicznego w sposób mieszany - część zajęć tradycyjnie na sali ćwiczeń a część w pracowni komputerowej. Każdy ze studentów uczestniczył obowiązkowo w dwugodzinnych ćwiczeniach pokazowych przy komputerze, a następnie samodzielnie wykonywał proste konstrukcje. Zainteresowani mogli to kontynuować podczas nieobowiązkowych zajęć dodatkowych.

EN

In the academie years 1995/6 - 1998/9, in the first year in the field of Environmental Engineering at Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying at the Agricultural University of Cracow, an experiment was introduced to conduet the subject of descriptive geometry and technical drawing in a mixed format - some of the classes traditionally in the exercise room, and others in the Computer workroom. Each of the students was to take part obligatorily in two-hour demonstrative exercises at the Computer, towards the end of which he/she independently rehearsed simple construetions. Interested persons were then able to continue doing this during additional nonobligatory classes.

10

Body Heat Balance of a Man with Deficient Sweat Rate Subjected to Physical Work in a Hot Environment

Sołtyński K., Konarska M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 3

335--345

EN

The dynamics of physiological stress and thermal balance were investigated in men subjected to endogenous and exogenous heat loads. The study was conducted using the thermometric method. Substantial differences in the dynamics of the tested parameters and their quantitative characteristics were observed in 1 out of 8 participants. In this article, the observed differences are rationalized in terms of the deficient sweat rate mechanism. It is pointed out that it is indispensable to address these cases in work safety regulations.