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Reduction in Carbon Dioxide Production of Tropical Peatlands Under Nitrogen Fertilizer with Coal Fly Ash Application

Priatmadi Bambang J., Septiana Meldia, Mulyawan Ronny, Ifansyah Hairil, Haris Abdul, Hayati Afiah, Mahbub Muhammad, Saidy Akhmad R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 2

341--350

The utilization of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in peatlands, with the aim of increasing crop growth and production, is also reported to increase carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The application of coal fly ash (CFA) to soil may change soil physico-chemical characteristics, thereby influence carbon mineralization, but its effect on CO2 production is not yet clear. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to quantify the CO2 production of tropical peatlands that received N fertilizer and CFA. In the laboratory experiment, CFA equivalent to the application of 150 Mg•ha−1 in the field was added to peatlands with and without N fertilizer. These mixtures were then incubated at 70% waterfilled pore space (WFPS) for 30 days at room temperature. Carbon mineralization was measured on a 5-day basis, while several chemical characteristics of treated peatlands, including pH, hot water-soluble C, exchangeable-Ca, -Mg, -Fe, and -Al were measured at the conclusion of the incubation period. This study identified that N fertilizer application increased the CO2 production of tropical peatlands from 29.25 g•kg−1 to 37.12 g•kg−1. Furthermore, the application of CFA on tropical peatlands reduced CO2 production of tropical peatlands with and without N fertilizer. Decreasing the amount of hot water-soluble carbon from peatlands may account for the reduced CO2 production of peatlands with CFA. The study also showed that exchangeable-Ca, -Mg, -Fe, and -Al increased in peatlands with CFA application, and these multivalent cations were also attributed to a reduction of CO2 production. In conclusion, the negative effects of N fertilizer application on peatlands in increasing CO2 emission may be reduced by the application of CFA.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Silicon in Ukrainian Phaozems and Chernozems

Tonkha Oksana, Butenko Andrii, Bykova Olga, Kravchenko Yuriy, Pikovska Olena, Kovalenko Vitalii, Evpak Iryna, Masyk Ihor, Zakharchenko Elina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 2

111--119

This study investigated the spatial variability of the soil silicon content in relation with topography, parent materials, soil texture, soil organic matter, exchangeable cations and pH. Using the experimental data from two longterm sites in the Forest-Steppe area of Ukraine, the SiO2 content was estimated in 60 samples taken from a soil depth 0–25 cm. The accumulation of SiO2 was significantly greater in the soils formed in footslopes. A content of extractable silicon fraction significantly increased from a sandy loam(366–465 mg•kg-1) to medium(670–697 mg•kg-1) and heavy(506–849 mg•kg-1) textured soils. The highest amount of available silicon content was found in the soils containing: 35.0–39.9% of physical clay fraction (< 0.01 mm dia) in Hrytsiv area – 143.0 ± 46 mg•kg-1 and < 25.0% of physical clay fraction in Khrolyn area – 125.0 ±6 mg•kg-1. A significant relationship was found between pHKCl, P2O5, K2O, Mg and both forms of SiO2. There was almost no correlation between available/ extractable SiO2 and exchangeable Ca and ∑ Ca+Mg. Our studies found the best correlation between extractable SiO2 and spring barley yield (r = 0.651; P = 0.041), as well assoluble SiO2 and corn for grain yield (r = 0.514; P = 0.128). No significant relationships were found for sugar beet, winter wheat, sunflower.

Zmienność sezonowa i przestrzenna sodu i chloru w glebach inowrocławskiego Parku Zdrojowego

Krzyżaniak M., Długosz J.

Proceedings of ECOpole

2012

Vol. 6, No. 1

233--237

Badaniami objęto czarne ziemie zlokalizowane w parku zdrojowym w Inowrocławiu, będące pod stałym wpływem tężni. Ten specyficzny czynnik antropogenny powoduje wzrost stężenia jonów sodowych i chlorkowych, zmieniając tym samym istotnie skład kompleksu sorpcyjnego i roztworu glebowego analizowanych gleb. Analizy przeprowadzono na 27 próbkach powierzchniowych pobranych trzykrotnie w ciągu roku (wiosna, lato, jesień). Obliczenia geostatystyczne obejmowały wykreślenie semiwariogramów z danych empirycznych, opracowanie ich modeli oraz wykreślenie na ich podstawie map zmienności przestrzennej badanych składników. Przed wykonaniem map dane były estymowane metodą krigingu punktowego, a zgodność modelu z wariogramem weryfikowano metodą kross-walidacji. Do wykonana modeli semiwariogramów badanych składników wykorzystano modele: sferyczny, liniowy i efektu samorodka. Otrzymane modele dla semiwariogramów jonów chlorkowych, wymiennych i wodnorozpuszczalnych jonów sodowych wykazały, że zakres ich oddziaływania mieści się w przedziale 61÷148 m. Również w rozkładzie przestrzennym we wszystkich badanych składnikach przeważała zmienność strukturalna (długiego zasięgu), co potwierdziła niska wartość efektu samorodka (nugget effect) (8,5÷14,9%). Z badanych składników największą zmiennością przestrzenną charakteryzowały się wymienne jony Na+, na co wskazuje największa wartość wariancji progowej (sill) (59,8÷237,4 (mmol/kg)2). Natomiast najmniejszą zmienność przestrzenną miały jony chlorkowe (0,91÷127,7 (mmol/kg)2). Porównując zmienność w poszczególnych sezonach, stwierdzono, że największą zmiennością charakteryzowały się badane składniki w okresie letnim (121,6÷237,4 (mmol/kg)2).

The research covered Phaeozems (WRB 2007) located in the Spa Park in the town of Inowroclaw, which are under continuous influence of graduation towers. This specific anthropogenic factor induces the increased concentration of calcium, sodium and chloride ions, and thus significantly modify the composition of the sorption complex and the soil solution of the analysed soils. Analyses were carried out on 27 surface samples collected three times per year (spring, summer, autumn). Geostatistical calculations included plotting of semivariograms based on empirical data, drawing up their models and based on them - plotting of spatial variability maps of the studied components. Before maps were drawn, the data were estimated by the method of point kriging, and the goodness of fit of a model to a variogram was verified by the method of cross-validation. Spherical and linear models, as well as the nugget effect were applied in order to prepare the models of semivariograms for the studied elements. The obtained models for semivariograms of chloride ions, exchangeable and water-soluble sodium ions proved that their interactions range from 61 to 148 m. Structural variability prevailed also in the spatial distribution in all studied components (long range), which was confirmed by a low value of the nugget effect (8.5÷14.9%). Among the studied components, exchangeable Na+ ions were characterised by the highest spatial variability, and this is indicated by the highest sill value (59.8÷237.4 (mmol/kg)2). Whereas, chloride ions were characterised by the lowest spatial variability (0.91÷127.7 (mmol/kg)2). When comparing particular seasons, the highest variability of the studied components occured in the summer (121.6÷237.4 (mmol/kg)2).