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Classification of tactile event-related potential elicited by Braille display for brain-computer interface

Hori J., Okada N.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2017

Vol. 37, no. 1

135--142

To construct brain–computer interface (BCI), an event-related potential (ERP) induced by a tactile stimulus is investigated in this paper. For ERP-based BCI, visual or auditory information is frequently used as the stimulus. In the present study, we focus on tactile sensations to reserve their visual and auditory senses for other activities. Several patterns of mechanical tactile stimulation were applied to the index fingers of both hands using two piezo actuators that were used as a braille display. Human experiments based on the oddball paradigm were carried out. Subjects were instructed to pay attention to unusual target stimuli while avoiding other frequent non-target stimuli. The extracted features were classified by applying stepwise linear discriminant analysis. As a result, an accuracy of 85% and 60% were obtained for 2- and 4-class classification, respectively. The accuracy was improved by increasing the number of electrodes even when short stimulus intervals were used.

A new approach for the classification of event related potentials for valid and paradox reasoning

Papaodysseus C., Zannos S., Giannopoulos F., Arabadjis D., Rousopoulos P., Stachtea X., Papageorgiou C.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2016

Vol. 36, no. 1

292--301

In the present paper, a novel approach is introduced for comparing and classifying recorded ERP signals from subjects applying valid (Aristotle's) and paradox (Zeno's) syllogisms. In fact, the authors conceived and realized a corresponding experiment, as well as a new method for processing, fitting and classifying the corresponding captured ERP signals into groups according to their similarity. Subsequently, for each such group, an ideal curve that represents all signals of the group has been evaluated for valid and paradox reasoning separately. These ‘‘ideal representatives’’ manifest essential statistical differences per subject for a considerable number of electrodes (5 electrodes with 99% level of confidence, 14 electrodes with 95% level of confidence, 17 electrodes with 90% level of confidence). These results support the assumption that the obtained ideal representatives may indeed reflect essential differences in the underlying brain functions which generated the obtained ERPs. Equivalently, one may claim that the performed experiment and the associated results manifest statistically essential differences between the mental functions during valid and paradox reasoning.