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1

Use of rotifer trophic state indices to show the effect of hydrobionts and nutrients on water trophic status in mesocosms

Ejsmont-Karabin Jolanta, Feniova Irina, Kostrzewska-Szlakowska Iwona, Rzepecki Marek, Petrosyan Varos G., Dzialowski Andrew R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 2

123--131

EN

We have determined how Crustacea, zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), fish and nutrients affect the trophic state in mesocosms filled with water collected from the pelagic zone of a eutrophic lake. We hypothesized that the pool of nutrients would increase both directly due to the input of phosphorus and nitrogen and/or indirectly due to the introduction of animal biomass. We used trophic state indices based on the abundance and species structure of rotifers to assess changes in the trophic state in mesocosms. The role of small detritophages in rotifer communities increased as a result of treatments. Our results clearly demonstrated that D. polymorpha was able to reduce the trophic status of mesocosm waters as indicated by reduced rotifer trophic state indices regardless of interactions with other treatment factors. Contrary to our expectations, neither the nutrients added at the beginning of the experiment nor the introduction of crustaceans or fish affected the rotifer trophic indices.

2

Navicula dermochelycola sp. nov., presumably an exclusively epizoic diatom on sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea and Lepidochelys olivacea from French Guiana

Riaux-Gobin Catherine, Witkowski Andrzej, Kociolek John Patrick, Chevallier Damien

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 2

132--139

EN

Epizoic diatom communities were studied on four turtle species (Chelonia mydas L., Eretmochelys imbricata L., Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz and Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli) from the Eastern Caribbean, the Equatorial West Atlantic and the South Pacific. In the present study, we focused on one taxon of Navicula Bory de Saint-Vincent, described here as a new taxon, which was found on seven individuals of Dermochelys coriacea and one individual of Lepidochelys olivacea in French Guiana. The new Navicula taxon was found neither on Chelonia mydas (83 specimens examined) nor Eretmochelys imbricata (13 specimens examined). Furthermore, the new taxon appears to have a restricted biogeography, as so far it has only been reported from French Guiana. A species of Navicula is reported for the first time as a supposedly exclusive epizoic taxon. Navicula dermochelycola sp. nov. is characterized in detail; its ultrastructure is described and compared with other members of Navicula.

3

Microbial and classic food web components under ice cover in eutrophic lakes of different morphometry and fisheries management

Kalinowska K., Napiórkowska-Krzebietke A., Bogacka-Kapusta E., Hutorowicz J., Pyka J., Stawecki K., Kapusta A., Chybowski Ł.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 3

271--282

EN

The thickness and duration of ice cover are strongly influenced by global warming. The aim of this study was to determine chemical (organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations) and biological (nanoflagellates, ciliates, phytoplankton, rotifers, crustaceans) parameters under the ice cover in three eutrophic lakes (Masurian Lake District, Poland), differing in their morphometry and fisheries management. All the studied groups of organisms showed high variability over a short time. Taxonomic composition of planktonic communities, except for rotifers and phytoplankton, was similar in all lakes. Nanoflagellates were dominated by autotrophic forms, while ciliates were primarily composed of small oligotrichs and prostomatids. Nano-sized diatoms and mixotrophic cryptophytes were the most important components of phytoplankton and they formed an under-ice bloom in one lake only. Rotifers were mainly represented by Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra dolichoptera and Asplanchna priodonta. Among crustaceans, copepods clearly dominated over cladocerans. Our research suggests that winter was a very dynamic period. In the under-ice conditions, pelagic organisms were strongly dependent on each other. The shallow lake and the deeper, small lake differed significantly in nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations, ciliate and phytoplankton biomass and the ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic biomass. These results suggest that morphometric parameters may affect planktonic organisms during the ice-covered period.

4

Seasonal changes in phytoplankton and bioindices in the southern part of Lake Jeziorak (NE Poland)

Dembowska E. A., Józefowicz S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 1

1--10

EN

The structure of phytoplankton communities of Lake Jeziorak was presented for the first time. The objective of our research was qualitative and quantitative analysis and bioindices of phytoplankton during and outside the tourist season. Analysis of phytoplankton assemblages were performed in 2011-2012. A total of 96 taxa were identified in Lake Jeziorak, mainly: Cyanobacteria - 20, Bacillariophyceae - 49, and Chlorophyta − 19. Biomass of the phytoplankton varied from 10 mg l−1 in October to 29 mg l−1 in May. In the whole research period, Cyanobacteria dominated and represented up to 68% of the total biomass. The cyanobacterial blooms were constantly observed. Biomass in the summer period was composed of filamentous Aphanizomenon gracile, Limnothrix redekei, Planktothrix agardhii and Pseudanabaena limnetica. Outside the holiday season, i.e. in autumn and spring, filamentous Cyanobacteria accompanied cryptomonads in phytoplankton. The species composition, the biomass of phytoplankton, and TSI indicate the hypertrophic conditions of the lake. Phytoplankton in Lake Jeziorak was in a state of equilibrium for almost the entire study period. S1 was a dominant group and its abundance and biomass did not change by more than 10%. There was no significant direct effect of the seasonal tourism impact on the development of phytoplankton in Lake Jeziorak

5

Role of psammon microinvertebrates in phosphorus cycling in hydroarenal of an eutrophic lake

Ejsmont-Karabin J., Gorelysheva Z., Kalinowska K., Rybak J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 3

455-462

EN

Inorganic phosphorus released from littoral bottom sediments plays significant role in phosphorus budget of a whole ecosystem. An aim of the study was to assess a role of small invertebrates in phosphorus remineralization in hydroarenal (See Fig.1 in Preface). Hydropsammon organisms (i.e. bacteria, algae, ciliates, rotifers and crustaceans) living in a layer of submerged sands along the edge of a lake (=hydroarenal) were studied in psammolittoral of the deep, eutrophic Lake Mikołajskie (North-eastern Poland) in 2005. Sampling cores were taken at a station 1.5 m from water.s edge once or twice a month since April until October 2005. Each time three samples were taken: 5-cm thick water layer (AWL - adjacent water layer), 0.5-cm thick layer of water and sand from the transitory level (EPIH - epihydroarenal) and 2-cm thick slice of sand (ENDOH - endohydroarenal). The rate of phosphorus excretion was calculated using the appropriate regression equations expressing the relation between individual weight of organism and P excretion adjusted to the ambient temperature. Phosphorus remineralization by the psammon community (calculated for all ciliates, rotifers and crustaceans) was ca. 10 times higher than the maximum rate noted in lake pelagial. The most important role in the process was played by small ciliates, and in periods of high remineralization rate - by small cladocerans. Omnivores, feeding mostly on bacteria and small algae, played the most important role in all three studied layers, especially in periods of the highest rate of P remineralization, thus all kinds of food were used and mineralized. Predators do not seem to play significant role in P remineralization. In hydroarenal significant role seems to be played by processes involved in microbial loop. This suggestion is supported by strong domination of ciliates, main consumers of nanoflagellates, in the process of P remineralization. It seems that phytopsammon and psammic bacteria demands for phosphorus cannot be satisfied merely through the in situ remineralization by microinvertebrates.

6

Fungal Diseases on the Reed-Bed Vegetation of the Eutrophic Wasosze Lake

Czerniawska B., Adamska I., Dzięgielewska M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 12

1547--1553

EN

In 2006–2008 occurrence of pathogenic fungi on the reed-bed vegetation of the eutrophic Wasosze lake (West Pomerania, Drawsko district, Zlocieniec subdistrict) was examined. A total of 68 species of fungi colonizing 40 species of reed-bed plants and growing in the littoral zone of the lake were identified. The greatest number of taxa (24) belonged to the Ascomycetes, constituting 35 % of all fungal species collected. A slightly smaller number of species (22) were represented by anamorphic fungi (32 %). Basidiomycetes were represented by 19 taxa (28 %). Only three fungi-like organisms belonging to Peronosporales (5 %) were recorded (Bremia lactucae, Peronospora myosotidis and P. ranunculi). Three fungal species that are hyperparasites of parasitic fungi were recorded in the plant material: Ampelomyces quisqualis, Ramularia uredinis and Sphaerellopsis filum.

PL

W latach 2006–2008 przeprowadzono badania nad występowaniem gatunków grzybów chorobotwórczych na roślinności szuwarowej jeziora eutroficznego Wąsosze (Zachodniopomorskie, gmina Drawsko, leśnictwo Złocieniec). Łącznie zidentyfikowano 68 gatunków grzybów zasiedlających 40 gatunków roślin występujących w strefie przybrzeżnej jeziora. Największa liczba taksonów (24) należała do Ascomycetes stanowiących 35 % wszystkich zidentyfikowanych grzybów. Niewiele mniejszą grupę stanowiły grzyby anamorficzne reprezentowane przez 22 gatunki (32 %). Basidiomycetes reprezentowało 19 taksonów (28 %). W trakcie badań stwierdzono obecność tylko organizmów należących do Peronosporales (Bremia lactucae, Peronospora myosotidis i P. ranunculi). Trzy gatunki grzybów reprezentowały grupę nadpasożytów: Ampelomyces quisqualis, Ramularia uredinis i Sphaerellopsis filum.

7

Grzyby pasożytnicze występujące na roślinności szuwarowej eutroficznego Jeziora Wasosze

Czerniawska B., Adamska I., Dzięgielewska M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2010

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Vol. 4, No. 2

329--333

PL

W jeziorach eutroficznych roślinność jest uboga gatunkowo i jednostajna. Głównie występują: trzcina pospolita, oczeret jeziorny, pałka wąskolistna i szerokolistna. W miejscach bardziej wypłyconych oczerety ustępują roślinności turzycowej (turzyce wysokie): turzyca błotna, zaostrzona, dzióbkowata, pęcherzykowata, a przy brzegu jeziora graniczą z nimi zarośla wierzbowe i lasy olszowe. Wiedza o grzybach pasożytujących na roślinach szuwarowych zarówno Polski, jak i świata jest stosunkowo uboga. Celem badań było określenie gatunków grzybów patogennych występujących na roślinach szuwarowych eutroficznego jeziora Wąsosze położonego na Pojezierzu Drawskim. Materiałem badawczym były części nadziemne roślin z rodzajów Carex, Juncus, Phragmites i Typha z objawami zasiedlenia przez grzyby pasożytnicze. W trakcie badań zidentyfikowano 24 gatunki grzybów zasiedlających 13 gatunków roślin. Wśród rozpoznanych taksonów najwięcej gatunków (11) należało do workowców. Były to: Claviceps microcephala (Wallr.) Tul., Leptosphaeria caricina J. Schröt, L. culmifraga Sacc., Metasphaeria cumana (Sacc. & Speg.) Sacc., Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westend.) O.E. Erikss., Phaeosphaeria caricis (J. Schröt) Leuchtm., P. culmorum (Auersw. ex Rehm), P. eustoma (Fuckel) L. Holm, P. juncina (Auersw.) L. Holm, P. typharum (Desm.) L. Holm, Phyllachora junci (Alb. & Schwein.) Fuckel. Grzyby anamorficzne reprezentowane były przez 8 gatunków: Mascostroma innumerosum (Desm.) Höhn., Septoria caricis Pass., Septoriella junci (Desm.) B. Sutton, Stagonospora caricis (Oudem.) Sacc., S. elegans (Berk.) Sacc. & Traverso, S. junciseda Sacc., S. paludosa (Sacc. & Speg.) Sacc. i Phyllosticta caricis (Fuckel) Sacc. Podstawczaki były reprezentowane tylko przez 5 gatunków. Dominowały rdzawnikowce: Puccinia caricina DC. var. caricina i P. dioicae Magnus var. dioicae, P. magnusiana Körn. Głowniowce reprezentowały 2 gatunki: Tolyposporium junci (J. Schröt.) Woronin i Ustilago grandis Fr. Grzyby patogenne mogą przyczyniać się do wymierania roślinności szuwarowej, której głównym składnikiem jest trzcina pospolita. Roślina ta ze względu na silnie rozbudowany i głęboki system korzeniowy przez wielu naukowców uważana jest za komponent glebowej oczyszczalni ścieków.

EN

In eutrophic lakes, vegetation is very poor and monotonous. It mainly comprises common reed, lake bulrush, narrow-leaved, and broad-leaved bludgeon. In more shallow places, bulrushes cede are replaced with sedgic vegetation (high sedges): muddy sedge, pointed, beak, blister, and near the lake banks willow thicket and alder woods border with them. The knowledge of fungi parasitizing on thickle plants of both Poland and other regions of the world is relatively poor. The aim of the study was to determine the species of pathogenic fungi occurring on thickle plants of the eutrophic lake Wasosze situated on Pojezierze Drawskie. Overground parts of plants of the genera Carex, Juncus, Phragmites and Typha with symptoms of infection by parasitic fungi were the study material. 24 species of pathogenic fungi affecting 13 plant species were identified during the research. Most taxa (11) belonged to Ascomycota. These were: Claviceps microcephala, Leptosphaeria caricina, L. culmifraga, Metasphaeria cumana, Paraphaeosphaeria michoti, Phaeosphaeria caricis, P. culmorum, P. eustoma, P. juncina, P. typharum, Phyllachora junci. Anamorphic fungi were represented by 8 species: Mascostroma innumerosum, Septoria caricis, Septoriella junci, Stagonospora caricis, S. elegans, S. junciseda., S. paludosa and Phyllosticta caricis. Basidiomycete were represented only by 5 species. The pathogens dominating were rust fungi: Puccinia caricina. var. caricina and P. dioicae var. dioicae, P. magnusiana. Ustilaginales were represented by 2 species: Tolyposporium junci and Ustilago grandis. Pathogenic fungi can contribute to the dying out of the thickle vegetation in which common reed is the main component. According to many scientists, this plant is a component of a soil sewage treatment, mainly because of its extensive and deep root system.

8

Impact of humic substances on bacterioplankton in eutrophic lake

Burkowska Aleksandra, Donderski Wojciech

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 1

155-160

EN

This paper presents the results of resarch on impact of humic substances (HS) on bacterioplancton in eutrophic Lake Jeziorak (north-eastern Poland). In cultures of natural bacteria from the lake water, enriched with 0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg dm[^-3] of HS (natural HS - isolated from lake water or commercial HS - sodium salt of humic substance; Sigma-Aldrich), were determined the following parameters: total number of bacteria (TNB), number of heterotrophic bacteria (CFU), bacterial production (BP) (measured with [[3]H]methyl thymidine method) and general activity of esterases. Natural HS had a more positive impact on bacterial growth, bacterial production and activity of esterases than the commercial preparation HS. The highest TNB and CFU was observed when the water was enriched with 25 mg dm[^-3] of natural HS. Ali concentrations of the natural HS stimulated bacterial production. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes increased with rising concentrations of natural HS.

9

Human impact on the ecosystem of lake Ruusmae (southern Estonia) traced in the sediments

Punning J.-M., Koff T., Sakson M., Terasmaa J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 3

285-299

EN

Long-term limnological monitoring data (from 1971 to 2001) and the documented human load history were compared with sediment core record in a small lake Ruusmae in southern Estonia. It was established that pollen data reflect the main land-use changes on the catchment rather adequately. The response of other palaeoecological indicators (fossil pigments, carbon and nitrogen, phosphorous) and diatom composition to the changes in the nutrient input from the nearby large cattle-breeding centre took some time. When the load had exceeded certain limit, the transition of the lake from eutrophic to hypertrophic state took place very quickly. Simultaneously with the reorganisation of matter cycling rapid changes occured in the diatom community, in which species characteristic of hypertrophic lakes became dominant. Irrespective of the drastic drop in the external load at the beginning of the 1990s the changes in the biogeochemical matter cycling and diatom community are modest.