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Tombak M. L., Tapaninen U., Palu R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2023

Vol. 17 No. 4

973--980

Baltic Sea maritime transport makes up about 15% of all cargo globally transported via sea, which makes it one of the busiest maritime areas all over the world [1]. At the same time shipping operations create environmental pressures to the air, discharges of oil, sewage from passenger ships as well as invasion of alien organisms from ships’ ballast water or hulls [2]. In order to move from assessment of discharges from one ship to a certain area, it is necessary to combine the discharge factors to the activity patterns [3]. In this study the shipping activities that have environmental impact in the Estonian sea area will be analysed. In addition, the activities will be related with their source of pollution (e.g., manoeuvring, anchoring, loading/unloading cargo) and the impact or consequences are analysed (e.g., emission to air (CO2, SOx, NOx) discharge to water (antifouling paints, scrubber water, ballast water, bilge water, black water), physical discharge (underwater noise) etc). Finally, we assess the relative importance of the environmental effect of shipping in Estonian waters.

Estimating shipping emissions – A case study for cargo Port of Zadar, Croatia

Knezević V., Pavin Z., Čulin J.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2021

Vol. 15 No. 3

615--620

Reducing air pollutant emissions and energy consumption, as a necessary step to make ports more sustainable, is one of the crucial tasks and challenges of port management. Some of the port strategies to meet the term “green port” usually include reducing fuel consumption from vessels and vehicles in ports. This paper estimates the emission inventory of maritime traffic for the cargo Port of Zadar. For this research, emissions from cargo ships are estimated in the period from January 01. 2018 until October 01. 2019. The “bottom-up” methodology has been applied for estimating emissions, which includes detailed data on the ship’s characteristics (engine power, the load factor, fuel type, the emission factor) and time spent cruising and hotelling. The emissions from cargo ships have been estimated for three ship’s activities: cruising in the reduced speed zone, hotelling (time spent at berth), and maneuvering. The emission results (tons/year) refer to the pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) which represents greenhouse gases. Estimating emission inventory is the first step for planning effective port air quality control. Some recommendations for reducing emissions in port areas are emphasized in this paper.