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EN
Reports attribute many physical, psychological and mental benefits to yoga sports. However, when it comes to actual research, yoga clothing has not attracted the same level of attention. The aim of this study, which involved a questionnaire survey, clothing development and clothing performance evaluation, is to propose an ergonomic design process for the design of yoga functional clothing. Results showed that textile material was rated as the most important factor for yoga clothing. The shoulder and the waist-belly regions were considered as the most important areas for yoga clothing. The newly designed clothing prototype was observed to subject significantly lower pressure to the waist under the forward bending pose (p<0.05), but with significantly higher pressure on the buttocks at the posture of the deep knee bending pose (p<0.05). It also resulted in a lower change rate of clothing vertical displacement, especially at the shoulder and waist regions. The newly designed prototype was rated with a significantly lower tightening sensation and pulling sensation during the deep knee bending posture (p<0.05). Results indicate that proper design of yoga clothing structure and selection of fabric material could reduce clothing deformation, pressure on the skin and improve subjective wearing sensations.
EN
The design of workwear has significant effects on worker performance. However, the current workwear for coal miners in Northern China is poor in fitness and thermal comfort. In this study, new workwear (NEW) for coal miners was developed with the design features providing better cold protection and movement comfort performance, as compared with a commonly worn workwear (CON). To evaluate the effectiveness of NEW, we conducted human trials which were performed using simulated work movements (i.e., sitting, shoveling, squatting, and crawling) in a climate chamber (10°C, 75% RH). Physiological measurements and perceptual responses were obtained. The results demonstrated that the local skin temperatures at chest, scapula, thigh, and calf; mean skin temperatures,; and thermal comfort in NEW were significantly higher than those in CON. NEW also exerted an improvement in enhancing movement comfort. We conclude that NEW could meet well with the cold protective and mobility requirements.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ cech myszy komputerowych na występowanie błędów wpływających na organizację i wykonywanie pracy. Porównano liczbę występujących błędów, czas wykonania zadania i dokładność sterowania, biorąc pod uwagę dziewięć peryferyjnych urządzeń sterowniczych i wybrane osoby starsze. Zaobserwowano związek między liczbą występujących błędów a cechami urządzeń i ich użytkowników; zauważono duży zakres zmian liczby błędów. Na podstawie analizy wyników wykazano, że zadania wykonywano najdłużej z użyciem myszy o najwyższym i najniższym ocenionym poziomie ergonomiczności. Myszy ocenione jako średnio i przeciętnie ergonomiczne najlepiej nadają się do szybkiej pracy. Ocena ergonomiczności badanych myszy, dokonana za pomocą testu Fittsa, znacznie pokrywa się z oceną liczby błędów podczas interakcji.
EN
The paper assesses the impact of morphological features of computer mice on the occurrence of unreliability. A comparison of the number of unreliable cases, the duration of the executed control task and control accuracy for nine various mice and three test subjects is presented in this paper. Conclusions: Particular assessment results, according to a person’s execution time for a particular task and the number of unreliable interactions, do not demonstrate a relationship. Whereas, a relationship was demonstrated in the number of occurring unreliable cases, where rises and falls in the occurrence of unreliable cases were observed. The analysis of results demonstrated that tasks using a mouse with the highest and the lowest ergonomic level took the longest to perform. The mice assessed as moderately ergonomic were the best for quick work. An assessment of the ergonomics criteria that the tested mice fulfil, applying the Fitts’ Law test, is convergent with the analysis of the number of cases of unreliable interactions.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania analizy morfologicznej Zwicky’ego w projektowaniu ergonomicznym urządzeń wspomagających aktywność sportową osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Dla przykładu przenalizowano wózki biegowe do maratonów, które w większości cechuje bardzo podobna forma. Dla wybranych alternatyw w ramach atrybutów przeanalizowano ich zalety i wady, co w kontekście projektowania ergonomicznego umożliwia odrzucenie nieakceptowanych rozwiązań. W analizowanym przykładzie, jako atrybuty istotne uznano następujące kategorie: Liczbę kół (Ai), Pozycję na siedzisku (Bj), Kierunek ustawienia pasażera wózka (Ck), Uchwyt na część ciała (Dl), Skrętność kół (Ei), Przenoszenie siły poprzez określoną część ciała (Fm). Ostatecznie wykazano, że nawet przy niewielkim wysiłku dla szeregu rozwiązań funkcjonujących niezmiennie można znaleźć ciekawe alternatywy.
EN
The article presents the possibility of using Zwicky’s morphological analysis in the ergonomic design of devices supporting sports activity of people with disabilities. As an example, running trolleys for marathons were analyzed, which in most cases have a very similar form. The advantages and disadvantages of the selected attributes have been analyzed for the selected alternatives, which in the context of ergonomic design makes it possible to reject an unacceptable solutions. In the analyzed example, the following categories were considered to be relevant attributes: Number of wheels (Ai), Position on the seat (Bj), Direction of the passenger’s wheelchair position (Ck), Handle body part (Dl), Wheel steering (Ei), Power transmission through a specific part of the body (Fm). Finally, it was shown that even with a small effort for a number of solutions functioning invariably, interesting alternatives can be found.
5
Content available remote Projektowanie ergonomiczne z zastosowaniem technik poszerzonej rzeczywistości
PL
Artykuł przedstawia nowatorski system wspomagania projektowania ergonomicznego przestrzeni pracy. Wspomaganie realizowane jest poprzez zastosowanie technik poszerzonej rzeczywistości, które pozwalają przenieść proces projektowo-konstrukcyjny z płaskiej przestrzeni monitora komputerowego do rzeczywistej przestrzeni otaczającej projektanta.
EN
The paper presents an innovative system for aiding ergonomic design of work spaces. Aiding is realised with the use of augmented reality techniques which allow to move the design process from a flat surface of a computer’s monitor to a real space around the designer.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano i omówiono wyniki dwóch eksperymentów symulacyjnych. Pierwszy z nich dotyczy wpływu wartości siły jednostkowej algorytmu sił wirtualnych na jakość rozwiązań wykorzystywanych następnie jako wejście do algorytmu CRAFT operującego na siatce regularnej w procesie optymalizacji rozmieszczania obiektów (facility layout). Analizy dokonano w odniesieniu do znanych wartości optymalnych badanych układów z wykorzystaniem dwóch różnych skal do określania połączeń między obiektami. W drugim eksperymencie analizowano wpływ gęstości powiązań między obiektami i relacji między siłą rozpraszającą i przyciągającą na skuteczność podpowiedzi generowanych przez algorytm sił wirtualnych. W przedstawionych projektach eksperymentalnych uwzględniono dwa rodzaje problemów (mały – 25 obiektów i duży 100 – obiektów) w dwóch typowych układach stosowanych w logistyce wytwarzania.
EN
The paper presents and discusses two experimental simulation results. The first one concerns the influence of the unitary virtual force value of the virtual forces algorithm on the quality of solutions later used as inputs to the CRAFT algorithm operating on a regular grid. The analysis is conducted in relation to known optimal values of the examined layouts with two different scales used to define relationships between objects. The second experiment analyses the impact of the links’ density and the dispersing to contracting force relationship on the effectiveness of prompts generated by the virtual force algorithm. The presented experimental designs take into account two sizes of problems: small – 25 and large - 100 objects in two arrangements typical in manufacturing logistics.
EN
The article concerns the analysis of elimination of technical barriers for people with physical disabilities in one of the social welfare homes in the Silesian voivodeship. The following paper presents original projects created by the staff of nursing home: table for consumption and telephone booth. These solutions influence on improving the ergonomics of everyday consumption for both the physically disabled residents and their attendants, and comfortable and intimate telephone conversation with relatives on the property. This projects have been carried out on the premises of the institution by its workers.
PL
Opisano proces przygotowania uniwersalnego narzędzia w postaci parametrycznego biomechanicznego modelu ludzkiej dłoni, które posłuży do weryfikacji ergonomii obiektów na etapie projektowania lub adaptacji do indywidualnego przypadku. Przedstawiono poszczególne fazy tworzenia tego modelu oraz weryfikowania ergonomii obiektów z jego użyciem.
EN
This article describes the process of developing a biomechanical model of human hand performing as a universal tool to verify the ergonomics of the objects to be handled or to adapt these to an individual case at the design stage. The article describes consequent development stages of the parametric model and its application to the ergonomics verification process.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono cele, zakres i założenia wstępnej części projektu naukowego realizowanego w ramach programu wspierania Młodej Kadry DS Młodzi realizowanego na Wydziale Inżynierii Zarządzania Politechniki Poznańskiej. W rozważaniach przyjęto definicje: osoby starszej oraz ręcznego elementu sterowniczego na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy literaturowej. W ramach prac autorzy przedstawili podział elementów sterowniczych oraz wymagania uwzględniane przy ocenie ich ergonomiczności w kontekście ograniczeń dotyczących osób starszych. Artykuł zakończono podsumowaniem.
EN
The article presents the aims, scope and premises of the initiatory part of a research project executeunder the support of Young Staff “DSYoung” execute at the Department of Engineering Management University of Technology at Poznan. The deliberations adopted definitions of an elderly person and manual actuator (control device) based on the analysis literature of research. During the work the authors present the division of actuators and requirements count for calculate their ergonomics level in the context of restrictions on the elderly. Article concluded recapitulation.
10
EN
Ergonomic design of chairs has been well studied by ergonomists. Chair design based on anthropometric data analysis is recommended. Weavers in carpet-weaving workshops use chairs with backrests and armrests. An anthropometric survey was carried out among weavers in Tabriz, Iran, to design a flexible chair and to improve its comfort on the basis of design dimensions. This study focused on the design dimensions of a chair for weavers and its recommended dimensions. The developed chair needs to be tested for its effects on weavers’ posture and comfort.
EN
Users of hand tools expect that tools after ergonomic changes in design will require less muscular activity and cause fewer musculoskeletal disorders than conventional tools. Reports on evaluation of ergonomic design changes in hand tools are controversial. In this study, we measured the effect of changes in tool design with physiological cost of performance and subjective ratings in a simulated setting. We determined physiological cost of performance by measuring muscle activity of the right and left forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris) with electromyography. We collected a questionnaire with subjective ratings before and after each experimental task. Before the tests, ergonomically reconfigured hacksaws received better rating scores than original hacksaws. However, we found no differences in subjective ratings of the hacksaws after the tests. In addition, electromyographic activity did not show any significant differences between the original and modified tools.
EN
The objective of this study was to prevent occupational musculoskeletal injuries. Our workers stacked boxes of ceramics weighing 10–27 kg, making low back pain common in our enterprise. In all the stacking stations, recommended weight limits (RWL) were separately calculated using the revised National Institute for Occupational Health lifting equation. Since the boxes weighed significantly more than the RWL, we developed a new ergonomic design that completely changed the stacking process. The load put on the workers’ waist vertebrae in the new and the old stacking methods was compared to evaluate the success of the new ergonomic design, using Newton’s third law of motion. Thanks to the new ergonomic design, the load on the workers’ vertebrae decreased by 80%. Due to its simple technology and its very low cost compared to robots, the new ergonomic design can be commonly used in enterprises with repeated and constraining stacking.
EN
The management of work conditions contains an actions having in view shaping work conditions optimal for human being, and is one of main tasks of the ergonomic engineering. That tasks are often executed to ex-post procedure, so-called currently "correcting ergonomics". More rational activity is so-called "conception ergonomics", i.e. designing direct to ergonomically correct solutions. The problem of work environment designing concern design of sources of environmental factors, like: mechanical vibrations, noise, thermal conditions, lighting, harmful radiation, air pollution. Having the use of knowledge about human being is necessary (i.e. psychology, physiology, anthropometry) during design of shapes and measures of technical object (especially - their control indicators and devices), and also by designing of work organization.
14
Content available remote Ewolucja metod projektowania ergonomicznego w Polsce
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodologiczne przesłanki wprowadzania zasad ergonomii do procesów projektowania i konstruowania maszyn, narzędzi i produktów przemysłowych. Przyjęto, że procesy projektowania i konstruowania maszyn i innych obiektów technicznych stanowią część szerszego procesu: projektowania systemów człowiek-obiekt techniczny. Ujęcie ogólniejsze nazwano projektowaniem ergonomicznym. Przedstawiono etapy ewolucji metod projektowania ergonomicznego rozwijanych w Polsce od drugiej połowy XX wieku.
EN
In the paper is shown the methodological assumptions of introducing of ergonomics principles to design and construction processes of machines, tools and other industrial products. It was received, that design and construction processes of machines and other technological devices are the parts of wider process designing of human-technical object systems. The more general approach is named as "ergonomie design". Stages of the methods of ergonomie design, developed in Poland from second half of XX. Century till now, are shown in the paper.
EN
Research was conducted to identify an ergonomics-based intervention model designed to factor in musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevention when library projects are being designed. The first stage of the research involved an a posteriori analysis of 10 recent redesign projects. The purpose of the analysis was to document perceptions about the attention given to MSD prevention measures over the course of a project on the part of 2 categories of employees: librarians responsible for such projects and personnel working in the libraries before and after changes. Subjects were interviewed in focus groups. Outcomes of the analysis can guide our ergonomic assessment of current situations and contribute to a better understanding of the way inclusion or improvement of prevention measures can support the workplace design process.
16
Content available remote Ergonomiczne projektowanie informatycznych systemów zarządzania
PL
Artykuł dotyczy wykorzystania wiedzy ergonomicznej w projektowaniu informatycznych systemów zarządzania. Cechy ergonomiczne są podstawowym elementem decydującym o funkcjonalności oprogramowania. Wiedza ergonomiczna stanowi uzupełnienie metodologii projektowania informatycznych systemów zarządzania. Podstawę stanowią kryteria decyzyjne wspomagające ocenę projektowanych systemów na etapie koncepcji. Celem tego artykułu jest wskazanie na potrzebę wykorzystania zasad ergonomii w procesie projektowania informatycznych systemów zarządzania.
EN
The paper concerns the utilization of the ergonomie knowledge in preparing of the computer management information systems. The ergonomie rules are the basic element about functionality of software. The ergonomie knowledge is the supplement of designing methodology of management information systems. The basis present decisive criterions helping in the projected systems assessment on conception stage. The aim of this article is to indicate needs of ergonomics principles utilization in designing process of the computer systems.
EN
This study looked into the risk factors to musculoskeletal disorders and established anthropometric measurements of Filipino workers in 29 manufacturing industries. Anthropometric measurements of 1,805 workers were taken, and 495 workers were surveyed. Limitation of motion was found in 0.8% of the respondents, affectation in activities of daily living was seen in 1.6% and 3.2% felt discomfort in the head and neck. Upper trunk and low back pain was experienced by 23.8%. Odds ratio results (p = .05) showed that it is 29 times likely for workers to develop low back pain when they stand for 2-8 hrs a day than when they sit all the time. Anthropometry can be used for the design of workstations and work furniture.
18
Content available Anthropometry for Design for the Elderly
EN
This paper presents anthropometric data on elderly people in Australia. Data were collected in the metropolitan city of Sydney, NSW, Australia. In all 171 elderly people (males and females, aged 65 years and above) took part in the study. Mean values, standard deviations, medians, range, and coefficients of variation for the various body dimensions were estimated. Correlation coefficients were also calculated to determine the relationship between different body dimensions for the elderly population. The mean stature of elderly Australian males and females were compared with populations from other countries. The paper discusses design implications for elderly people and provides several examples of application of the anthropometric data.
PL
Przedstawiono metodologiczne założenia dotyczące projektowania ergonomicznego, jak również omówiono istotę metody wirtualnej antropometrii w zastosowaniu do tego rodzaju projektowania. Scharakteryzowano zasadę implementacji CAD-owskich pakietów programowych zorientowanych na ergonomiczne projektowanie stanowisk pracy w systemach logistycznych. Zaprezentowano przykłady aplikacji takich pakietów.
EN
The autor presents methodological assumptions of the ergonomic designing as well as the essence of using virtual anthropometry metod to that kind of designing. The principle of implementing CAD software packages oriented on ergonomic workplaces designing in logistic systems has been characterised, and examples of application of such packages has been presented.
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